Life on the edge - High levels of genetic diversity in a cliff population of Bertya ingramii are attributed to B. rosmarinifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Wind-facilitated migration of new genotypes into small, geographically disjunct populations should buffer them against local extinction. Bertya ingramii, a monoecious, wind-pollinated shrub, is restricted to three populations in a 4 km² area in eastern Australia. Populations are separated by deeply dissected gorges where it is unlikely that seeds are exchanged but where wind movement may facilitate pollen dispersal. Using 156 highly polymorphic ISSR markers, we found moderate genetic variation within and among populations of B. ingramii and less genetic diversity in a nearby and small population of the widespread Bertya rosmarinifolia. The smallest population of B. ingramii (<30 plants) had the highest genetic variation (65% polymorphic markers, Shannon Information Index = 0.30). AMOVA and a Bayesian analysis showed that molecular variance was equally distributed within and among populations suggesting that gene flow is as limited within as in among populations. Genetic distances between populations were only weakly explained by their relative geographic distances (mantel test, R² = 0.21, P = 0.001) but the distribution of private bands, the departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and a UPGMA tree showed that the smallest population of B. ingramii was generally more similar to an upstream population of B. rosmarinifolia. Thirty-eight percent of bands in this small population of B. ingramii were exclusively shared with B. rosmarinifolia. This covert hybridisation may have been an ancient event but may be responsible for contemporary declines in germination and establishment in B. ingramii. The conservation implications are amplified by the endangered status of B. ingramii.     

神农架地区珍衡植物沿河岸带的分布格局

Due to the importance of riparian zone in maintaining and protecting regional biodiversity, increasingly more ecologists paid their attentions to riparian zone and had been aware of the important effects of riparian zone in basic study and practical management. In this study, 42 sampling belts (10 m×100m) parallel to the bank of Xiangxi River at different elevations in Shennongjia Area were selected to investigate the riparian vegetation and rare plants. 14 species of rare plants were found distributing in riparian zone, accounting for 42.4% of the total rare plant species in Shennongjia Area. The main distribution range of the 14 rare plant species was the evergreen and deciduous mixed broadleaved forest at elevation of 1200–1800 m, where, species diversity of plant community was the maximum at the moderate elevation. The analysis of TWINSPAN divided the 14 rare species into 3 groups against the elevation, namely low elevation species group, moderate elevation species group, and high elevation species group. The analysis of DCA ordination showed similar results to that of TWINSPAN. In the paper, the authors discussed the reasons forming the distribution pattern of rare plant species, and pointed out that the important function of riparian zone on rare plant species protection. Foundation item: This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC39970123), and Changbai Mountain Open Research Station, Chinese Acadamy of Science. Biography: JIANG Ming-xi (1965-), male, associate professor in Wuhan Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

珍贵阔叶树种多树种混交造林技术

针对中国南方地区人工林树种林种单一、稳定性较差、物种多样性低,以至于生态服务功能低下,优质森林资源储备不足的问题,从改善林种结构,提高林分单位面积产量及生态效益出发,开展了南方主要珍贵阔叶树种多树种混交造林技术研究。结果表明,采用多树种混交模式,树种生长显著加快,单位面积总蓄积量增加,且在促进林木胸径生长方面效果显著,有利于大径材的培育;此外,多树种混交能够降低凋落物层C/N,养分分解转化快,生态稳定性更强。因此,珍贵树种多树种混交栽培模式具有可行性。     

Overcoming the rare species modelling paradox: A novel hierarchical framework applied to an Iberian endemic plant

Rare species have restricted geographic ranges, habitat specialization, and/or small population sizes. Datasets on rare species distribution usually have few observations, limited spatial accuracy and lack of valid absences; conversely they provide comprehensive views of species distributions allowing to realistically capture most of their realized environmental niche. Rare species are the most in need of predictive distribution modelling but also the most difficult to model. We refer to this contrast as the “rare species modelling paradox” and propose as a solution developing modelling approaches that deal with a sufficiently large set of predictors, ensuring that statistical models are not over-fitted. Our novel approach fulfils this condition by fitting a large number of bivariate models and averaging them with a weighted ensemble approach. We further propose that this ensemble forecasting is conducted within a hierarchic multi-scale framework. We present two ensemble models for a test species, one at regional and one at local scale, each based on the combination of 630 models. In both cases, we obtained excellent spatial projections, unusual when modelling rare species. Model results highlight, from a statistically sound approach, the effects of multiple drivers in a same modelling framework and at two distinct scales. From this added information, regional models can support accurate forecasts of range dynamics under climate change scenarios, whereas local models allow the assessment of isolated or synergistic impacts of changes in multiple predictors. This novel framework provides a baseline for adaptive conservation, management and monitoring of rare species at distinct spatial and temporal scales.     

珍稀濒危植物领春木愈伤组织的培养

以领春木茎段为外植体 ,成功地诱导出了愈伤组织 ,将获得的愈伤组织用于适宜增殖培养条件的研究。结果表明 :MS和 1/ 2MS作为愈伤组织诱导基本培养基较为适宜 ;愈伤组织增殖培养以MS培养基 +NAA 2mg/L + 6 BA 0 .1mg/L ,pH值 5～ 6较为合适。     

0-8周藏马鸡与环颈雉生长性能及消化性能的比较研究

比较了0~8周龄藏马鸡与环颈雉的生长及消化性能的差异。结果表明:采食NRC环颈雉饲养标准的全价日粮时,藏马鸡生长正常、体况良好其体重和生长速度显著高于环颈雉(P<0.05);藏马鸡对粗蛋白、粗纤维、0~4周龄酸性洗涤纤维和干物质的消化率、饲料转化率及表观能量代谢率与环颈雉无显著差异(P>0.05);藏马鸡对粗脂肪消化率低于环颈雉,对NDF和4~8周龄ADF的消化率则显著高于环颈雉(P<0.05)。     

稀土植宝处理对大棚小白菜产量及农药残留量的影响

研究了稀土植宝叶面肥喷施后对大棚小白菜 (油菜 )苏州青农药残留量、产量的影响。结果表明 :稀土植宝处理可显著提高其产量并具有促进农药降解、降低小白菜植株内农药残留量的作用。     

黑化雉鸡羽色遗传的研究

通过黑化雉鸡 (Melanisticmuckedpheasant)和大型环颈雉鸡 (Jumboringneckedpheas ant)的正交和反交 ,以及F1 中进行自交 ,观察F1 和F2 中羽色性状的表现和分离比例。试验结果表明 ,黑化雉鸡羽色性状对于环颈雉鸡羽色的遗传方式是显性遗传 ,而且显性是完全的 ;黑化雉鸡羽色性状也由常染色体上一对等位基因M来控制的 ,并不存在显性致死现象     

提高我国山鸡种蛋人工孵化技术的试验研究

使用我国山鸡种蛋进行了3个人工孵化试验,每个试验设2次重复,测定在不同的孵化温度与相对湿度条件下,即高温度—低湿度、低温度—高湿度与恒温—恒湿,对胚胎发育的死亡率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、不同胎龄胚蛋的失重率及雏山鸡出生重的影响。试验结果表明:我国山鸡种蛋在不同的孵化温度、相对湿度的人工孵化条件下,其胚胎的死亡率、受精蛋孵化率与健雏率均有显著差异（P<0.05）,而在雏山鸡出生重等方面差异不显著（P>0.05）。为我国山鸡种蛋的人工孵化提供了技术材料与数据。     

稀土肥料在温室草莓栽培中的应用研究

探讨了不同稀土肥料在日光温室中草莓的增产效果,结果表明:采用稀土肥料浸根,浓度以200~300 mg/kg为宜,喷施浓度以300~400 mg/kg为宜。