Development of a homologous radioimmunoassay for Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerilii, Risso 1810) LH

Purified Mediterranean (M.) yellowtail luteinizing hormone-like gonadotropin (MyLH) and its β-subunit (MyLHβ) served to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for MyLH. The rabbit antisera against MyLH and MyLHβ used for this purpose were tested on pituitary sections by immunocytochemistry. Anti-MyLHβ specifically detected a single type of cells, which were located at the periphery of the proximal pars distalis (PPD) and surrounding the pars intermedia (PI). Anti-MyLH, however, also recognized two other cell types, thyrotropin β-immunoreactive (ir) cells and putative follicle-stimulating hormone-like (MyFSH)-producing cells. Labeling of the two latter cell types was prevented by preabsorption of anti-MyLH with M. yellowtail pituitary glycoprotein -subunit. The standard curve for the RIA was generated using purified MyLH, ¹²⁵I-labeled MyLHβ and anti-MyLHβ at a dilution of 1:70,000, which resulted in the binding of 30% of the tracer added. The standard curve ranged from 0.25 to 50 ng/ml. The midrange of the assay (ED50) was obtained with 5.48–7.87 ng LH/ml. The variation between assays was less than 15%. An average cross-reactivity of FSH in the LH RIA of 8.4% was found. Serial dilutions of M. yellowtail pituitary extracts displaced radiolabelled MyLHβ parallel to the MyLH standard. Application of the LH RIA to blood samples and pituitary cell culture medium provided physiological validation of the assay. Significant increases in LH levels were recorded after salmon GnRH treatments in vivo and in vitro. Serum LH levels from wild fish sampled at the spawning season were significantly higher than those from captive fish sampled in the same period.     

奶牛产后子宫及卵巢超声影像学变化规律的研究

应用Ｂ－型实时超声断层扫描和放免技术监测产后奶牛子宫和卵巢构相以及外周血浆中雌激素，孕酮和前列腺素Ｆ２ａ代谢物含量的变化，结果表明，应用Ｂ－超可监测到子宫各部分和卵巢的细微复旧变化，并可根据子宫超声影像变化特点判定体内雌激素和孕酮的消长。子宫孕角，空角和子宫颈完成复旧的平均时间分别为４１．０±８．８，３０．６±３．０和４６．７±３．９天。子宫复旧速度不受前妊娠黄体退化时间早晚和外周血浆中ＰＧＦＭ含     

Changes in ghrelin levels of plasma and proventriculus and ghrelin mRNA of proventriculus in fasted and refed layer chicks

This is a test-report of ghrelin levels in plasma and proventriculus, the glandular portion of the avian stomach, by using a specific radioimmunoassay for acylated ghrelin, as well as the expression of the ghrelin gene in the proventriculus after a 12-h fasting period followed by a 6-h feeding period with 6-day-old layer chicks. After fasting, the plasma ghrelin levels increased from 21.3 ± 4.5 to 32.9 ± 5.0 fmol/ml, but once refed it returned to the control value. After fasting, the ghrelin mRNA and the peptide levels in the proventriculus increased, and ghrelin mRNA levels remained high but once refed the ghrelin content returned to the control level. Furthermore, in order to examine the effect of increased circulating ghrelin on food intake, a bolus intravenous injection of 500 pmol of chicken ghrelin was given to 8-day-old chicks. The ghrelin injection did not cause any significant changes in food intake. These results indicate that the levels of ghrelin and its mRNA with layer chicks are altered according to the feeding state and this in a similar manner as has been observed in mammals. Unlike in mammals, an increase in circulating ghrelin does not cause the promotion of food intake in chicks.     

腰椎骨折早期便秘相关因素的临床研究

目的观察胃肠激素中的血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,VIP）和P物质（substance P,SP）在腰椎骨折后的早期改变,并探讨其临床意义．方法腰椎骨折组为伤后3d内腰椎（胸12～腰2）压缩性骨折患者,非截瘫同时排除原有慢性便秘的病例,对照组为同期住院排除原有慢性便秘的肢体骨折取内固定的病例,各25例．应用放射免疫方法测定血浆中血管活性肠肽（VIP）和P物质（SP）数据．结果腰椎骨折后早期血管活性肠肽（VIP）和P物质（SP）增高（P〈0．05）．结论腰椎骨折后早期血管活性肠肽（VIP）和P物质（SP）均增高,与腰椎骨折后早期便秘有关,胃肠激素分泌的增多引起了排便困难和腹胀．     

雌性猕猴尿中生殖激素的变化

用人血清激素放射免疫测定试剂盒 ,测定了 4只未孕雌性猕猴 8个月经周期尿中促黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮 (P)和雌二醇 (E2 )的含量 ,结合对猕猴繁殖行为学的观察 ,研究了各激素分泌之间的关系及其与繁殖行为的内在联系。结果表明 :4只雌性猕猴 8个月经周期的平均长度为 (2 6 .2 5± 2 .10 )d ,行经时间 (2 .2 5± 0 .6 6 )d ,LH峰值出现在 (12 .75± 0 .91)d ,平均峰值为 (86 .30± 2 0 .11)miu/mL ;P峰值出现在 (19.75± 1.87)d ,平均峰值为(7.4 7± 1.78)ng/mL ;E2 峰值出现在 (11.75± 1.81)d ,平均峰值为 (6 79.11± 90 .6 6 ) pg/mL。研究表明 ,人血清激素放射免疫测定试剂盒可以测定出猕猴尿中生殖激素的变化趋势 ;LH、P、E2 的变化情况基本上能反映出猕猴月经周期中卵泡形成、排卵及黄体形成的时间。     

转基因克隆山羊生长发育相关血清激素水平的动态观察

使用放射免疫法(RIA),以甲状腺激素(T_3、T_4)和雌激素(E_2)为检测指标,将不同生长发育阶段转基因克隆羊的激素水平与同龄非转基因羊作比较,从激素水平上分析转基因和克隆是否会对动物生长发育产生影响。结果表明:转基因克隆羊的激素浓度与同龄非转基因羊在未成熟时T_3、E_2无显著差异,成熟时T_3、T_4、E_2无显著差异,仅未成熟时T_4有显著差异(P≈0.02)。可见,转基因克隆羊与非转基因羊生长发育相关激素水平无显著差异,从激素水平初步否认了转基因和克隆对动物生长发育的影响。     

Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine after intravenous administration of clinical doses to dogs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of buprenorphine in dogs following intravenous (IV) administration of clinical doses of the opioid. An IV bolus of 0.02 mg/kg buprenorphine was administered to six healthy Beagles and blood samples were collected through a jugular catheter before and at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45 min, and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after administration. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations, measured using a commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA), decreased following a three-exponential curve. The two distribution and the elimination half-lives were 2.9 ± 1.8 min, 16.5 ± 3.7 min, and 266.6 ± 82.0 min, respectively; the clearance was 329.6 ± 62.2 mL/min, and the steady state volume of distribution was 83.7 ± 26.5 L.The results demonstrated the feasibility of the RIA assay to analyse buprenorphine in dog plasma samples. Following IV administration buprenorphine showed a three-compartment kinetic profile, as has been described previously in humans, rabbits and cats. The relationship between plasma concentrations and dynamic effects in dogs remains to be established.     

家兔初乳胃动素和累沁素含量测定

用放射免疫法测定家兔乳汁胃动素和胃泌素的含量，结果表明，初乳中胃动素和胃泌素含量（１９９．５４ｎｇ／Ｌ，１６８．２１ｎｇ／Ｌ）均极显著高于常乳（１４５．６９ｎｇ／Ｌ，１１８．５３ｎｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ〈０．００１）。     

黑白花奶牛发情周期血液中促卵泡素、促黄体素、促乳素、孕酮、雌二醇的含量及变化规律

用放射免疫测定法测定了７头黑白花奶牛发情周期血液中５种生殖激素的含量。ＦＳＨ：平均值８．９０±２１．６８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，第１天２．３４±１．４９ｎｇ／ｍｌ，之后处于低水平，８天出现高峰２８．５８±６４．４５ｎｇ／ｍｌ；ＬＨ：平均值４．１３±１０．６８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，发情后１２ｈ最高２９．１５±１６．６２ｎｇ／ｍｌ，之后处于低水平；ＰＲＬ：平均值２０．４５±１２．００ｎｇ／ｍｌ，全周期变化较大，１天出现高峰４３．１±２８．６２ｎｇ／ｍｌ，６天和１４天有两个较高的峰３５．４３±３１．３３ｎｇ／ｍｌ和３４．８８±２７．５８ｎｇ／ｍｌ；Ｐ４：平均值２．９６±１．８５ｎｇ／ｍｌ，全周期变化不大，０天２．７０±１．３３ｎｇ／ｍｌ，８～１２天形成台状峰３．０１～３．６３ｎｇ／ｍｌ，１５天再出现一峰，遂下降至发情；Ｅ２：全周期处于低水平，发情后１２ｈ最高２３．２３±１７．３１ｐｇ／ｍｌ，遂下降，至５天、９天升高，出现两个峰。了解了５种激素的基础数据及它们之间的消长、协同关系     

植物生长调节剂免疫检测技术的研究进展

当前,西德等国正在加速开发与利用免疫技术对植物激素进行定量、定位与纯化。本文以ABA与GA_3的RIA为例,阐述竞争性PGRIA的原理与四项技术要点(设计与合成特定的免疫原、制备单克隆或多克隆抗体、制备标记抗原和选择最佳测试条件),预期PGR抗体的亲和力常数(Ka)与专一性均将有显著的提高。作为乙烯前体的ACC、其他激素的前体、降解物与结合物都将被合成为免疫原,并取得相应的抗体。PGRIA将成为一项高技术。