两种一步法RNA提取试剂的比较

RNA的提取在生物医学研究和临床检测上应用广泛。本文分别用进口Invitrogen公司生产的以及我们自己研制的一步法RNA提取试剂，提取大肠杆菌RNA、鸡肌肉组织RNA和尿囊液RNA，通过核酸电泳和荧光定量RT-PCR进行比较。结果表明用我们自己研制的和进口的试剂提取的RNA都不含有DNA；这些RNA都可以作为模板进行RT-PCR检测，并且在数量上相互之间没有明显差异。说明我们自己研制的一步法RNA提取试剂可以取代进口试剂。此外，本文还讨论了此类试剂一些评定方法。     

青海高寒草甸不同植被土壤微生物生物量的测定

以青海高寒草甸不同植被类型土壤为研究对象,采用氯仿熏蒸浸提法对土壤微生物生物量碳进行了测定分析。结果表明:不同植被类型土壤中微生物生物量的大小依次为:沼泽草甸>小嵩草草甸>金露梅灌从草甸>禾草草甸>矮嵩草草甸>金露梅灌丛间草地>杂类草草甸,随着土壤深度的增加,生物量呈下降趋势。相关分析表明:微生物生物量碳与土壤水分含量、真菌数量呈显著的正相关;细菌数量、放线菌数量与微生物量碳的相关性不显著。结论:土壤真菌是土壤微生物生物量的主要贡献者,土壤水分含量对土壤微生物代谢、繁殖有着直接的作用。     

恩拉霉素提取工艺研究

为优化恩拉霉素提取工艺,以70%甲醇溶液为提取剂,提取恩拉霉素,经过浓缩、脱色、结晶、重结晶,制备高含量恩拉霉素产品。得到最佳提取工艺条件是：浸提pH3.5~4.0,浸提温度30 ℃,三次浸提时间1 h,一次浸提料液比1∶7,二次浸提料液比1∶3,三次浸提料液比1∶3,活性炭用量是浓缩液体积的1.0%~1.5%,粗精粉重结晶得到纯品,含量97%。     

生物酶法提取中草药活性成分研究进展

对酶提方法的原理、酶类选择依据、酶提工艺,以及酶提法应用现状进行了综述,旨在为同类研究提供技术参考。中草药具有广泛的应用前景和开发潜力,为提高中药疗效,方便临床用药,生产中常需要对中草药进行提取,然而传统的提取方法较为繁杂。随着科技进步,一些现代中药提取方法不断涌现。酶提方法是一种应用酶工程技术提取中药的现代中药提取方法,该方法具有高效、无毒、反应条件温和等优点,是一种发展潜力较大的中药提取方法。     

岷山红三叶总异黄酮提取方法的研究

为选择提取岷山红三叶中总异黄酮的最佳方法,本文研究了用回流法、冷浸法和索式提取法提取岷山红三叶中总异黄酮的效果.通过紫外分光光度法测定提取液中的总黄酮含量,结果表明:回流提取法提取效果优于冷浸法和索式提取法.具有安全、简便和提取率高的优点.     

Phosphorus availability of sewage sludge‐based fertilizers determined by the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique

The plant‐availability of phosphorus (P) in fertilizers and soil can strongly influence the yield of agricultural crops. However, there are no methods to efficiently and satisfactorily analyze the plant‐availability of P in sewage sludge‐based P fertilizers except by undertaking time‐consuming and complex pot or field experiments. We employed the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique to quantify the plant P availability of various types of P fertilizers with a novel focus on sewage sludge‐based P fertilizers. Mixtures of fertilizer and soil were incubated for 3 weeks at 60% water holding capacity. DGT devices were deployed at the beginning of the incubation and again after 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Two weeks of incubation were sufficient for the formation of plant‐available P in the fertilizer/soil mixtures. In a pot experiment, the DGT technique predicted maize (Zea mays L.) biomass yield and P uptake significantly more accurately than standard chemical extraction tests for P fertilizers (e.g ., water, citric acid, and neutral ammonium citrate). Therefore, the DGT technique can be recommended as a reliable and robust method to screen the performance of different types of sewage sludge‐based P fertilizers for maize cultivation minimizing the need for time‐consuming and costly pot or field experiments.     

河南省烟草病毒的小RNA测序检测

To identify viruses in Henan tobacco-planting areas, from 2015 to 2017 and 2019, 288 symptomatic tobacco samples were collected and then subjected to small RNA sequencing. Results showed that at least 7 viruses were detected from these samples which including four previously reported viruses, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV). Other three viruses, wild tomato mosaic virus (WTMV), brassica yellows virus (BrYV), and cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) were firstly detected in Henan province. However, tobacco etch virus (TEV) and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) were not detected from these samples. In addition, CMV, TMV, PVY, TVBMV, and BrYV were the dominant viruses infecting tobacco in Henan Province.     

植物源农药中生物碱提取和纯化技术进展

生物碱是广泛存在于植物中的碱性含氮化合物,一些生物碱因其具有一定的防治病虫害等作用,成为近年来研究的热点。为了使生物碱提取率和纯度不断提高,生物碱的提取与纯化技术也在不断地改进与发展。本文综述了近年来植物源农药中生物碱在提取和纯化新技术的进展,并分析探讨新技术原理、优缺点以及发展前景。     

液液萃取-气相色谱法测定水体中的45种有机氯和菊酯类农药残留

本文研究了液液萃取-气相色谱方法测定水体中有机氯和菊酯类农药残留的方法。用环己烷从水体中提取净化45种农药残留,运用GC-ECD进行分析。用外标法定量,加标浓度分别为0.005,0.05,0.1μg/mL时,回收率在70.36~114.96%之间,相对偏差≤10%。方法检出下限为0.001~0.005μg/mL,用该方法可实现对水体中农药残留的检测。     

蚜虫内共生菌基因组DNA提取方法的比较和优化

为探究蚜虫共生菌基因组DNA的提取方案,以桃蚜为试验材料,比较了目前较为常用的4种蚜虫基因组DNA提取方法,从DNA纯度、完整性、PCR扩增效率及稳定性等方面进行了比较和评价,并通过调整蛋白酶K用量和水浴温度及时间对STE法进行了优化。结果表明,4种方法提取的蚜虫共生菌基因组DNA均可用于共生菌的PCR扩增检测;CTAB法和SDS法提取的DNA纯度较高,条带较完整,稳定性相对较高,不易降解,而STE法和PCR缓冲液法操作简便,适于快速提取单头蚜虫共生菌的基因组DNA,但纯度相对较低;可根据试验条件和要求进行选择。STE法优化条件为:用30 μL STE缓冲液将蚜虫匀浆,加入1.5 μL 20 mg/mL蛋白酶K,于56 ℃水浴1.5 h;再加入0.1 μL 10 mg/L RNA酶,于37 ℃培养1 h,95 ℃下处理5 min,5 000 r/min离心3 min,将提取到的DNA于-20 ℃保存或直接用于PCR扩增。优化后的STE法可作为提取蚜虫共生菌基因组DNA经济而快捷有效的方法。