Interactions of Globular and Ribbon [γ4E]GID with α4β2 Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

The α4β2 nAChR is implicated in a range of diseases and disorders including nicotine addiction, epilepsy and Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Designing α4β2 nAChR selective inhibitors could help define the role of the α4β2 nAChR in such disease states. In this study, we aimed to modify globular and ribbon α-conotoxin GID to selectively target the α4β2 nAChR through competitive inhibition of the α4(+)β2(−) or α4(+)α4(−) interfaces. The binding modes of the globular α-conotoxin [γ4E]GID with rat α3β2, α4β2 and α7 nAChRs were deduced using computational methods and were validated using published experimental data. The binding mode of globular [γ4E]GID at α4β2 nAChR can explain the experimental mutagenesis data, suggesting that it could be used to design GID variants. The predicted mutational energy results showed that globular [γ4E]GID is optimal for binding to α4β2 nAChR and its activity could not likely be further improved through amino-acid substitutions. The binding mode of ribbon GID with the (α4)₃(β2)₂ nAChR was deduced using the information from the cryo-electron structure of (α4)₃(β2)₂ nAChR and the binding mode of ribbon AuIB. The program FoldX predicted the mutational energies of ribbon [γ4E]GID at the α4(+)α4(−) interface, and several ribbon[γ4E]GID mutants were suggested to have desirable properties to inhibit (α4)₃(β2)₂ nAChR.     

小麦秸秆静态高温堆腐过程中的理化特征

为了解小麦秸秆堆肥过程中的生物化学特征,进行了高温好氧堆肥试验.结果表明,添加复合微生物腐解菌剂处理较不添加复合微生物腐解菌剂(CK)升温快,温度高,高温持续时间长;堆腐第2d添加菌剂处理堆体温度上升到50℃以上,第3 d达到最高温度67.1℃,50℃以上持续6 d;CK堆腐第3 d达到50℃,第4 d达最高温度59.5℃,50℃以上持续5 d.堆腐第9 d添加菌剂处理E4/E6值达高峰值3.419,CK的达高峰值4.085,堆腐第23 d后添加菌剂处理的胡敏酸E4/E6值为1.512～1.709,而CK处理的E4/E6值为1.649～2.060,堆腐过程添加菌剂处理的E4/E6值一直低于CK,表明添加菌剂能促进腐殖质的缩合和芳构化.堆肥腐熟后pH值较堆制前有所提高,添加菌剂处理的pH值相对较低,变化幅度较小.加入微生物菌剂处理的电导率(EC)值较高,且在持续高温阶段高于后熟阶段.     

施氮量对橡胶园土壤铵态氮和硝态氮垂直分布的影响

以尿素为氮源,研究不同施肥量对土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮垂直分布的影响。结果表明：施肥可显著增加0～40cm土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮的含量;当施肥量超过0．6kg／株时,增加施肥量不会显著增加0～40cm土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮的含量;施肥量越大,淋溶到80～100cm土层土壤的铵态氮和硝态氮的量越大。     

热研4号王草的适应性及其在福建的推广应用

通过适应性研究,发现热研4号王草适合在福建地区生长。该草表现为产量高、生长快、营养品质高,适口性好等优点,表现出良好的生态适应性和经济价值,适宜福建地区在种草养畜、种草养鱼、养殖场污染治理、荒山生态恢复等方面推广应用。     

A/O工艺处理猪场厌氧发酵液研究（摘要）

[目的]提供一种快速、稳定、高效的猪场废水处理技术。[方法]通过厌氧/好氧（A/O）反应器处理猪场厌氧发酵液试验,研究了A/O处理猪场厌氧发酵液的启动过程。启动分两个阶段：第一阶段,厌氧（A）、好氧（O）段各自独立培养优势菌群。A/O反应器采用分别启动的方式在各自阶段性反应器中培养优势污泥,即O段好氧反应器先进水,O段运行方式为：曝气6 h,静沉1 h,闲置1 h,DO为0.15 mg/L左右。温度控制在（32±2）℃。出水再补充一定量葡萄糖后加入A段缺氧反应器。A段运行方式为：搅拌2 h,静沉1 h,闲置1 h,DO为3.00 mg/L左右;进水采用稀释15倍后的发酵液,当COD去除率达到80%并稳定运行14 d后,反应器中加入稀释倍数减少1倍的发酵液,直到COD和NH_4~＋-N的去除率稳定在80%时认为此阶段完成。第二阶段,A、O联合启动,逐步提高进水负荷,继续对微生物培养与驯化。当进水的COD和NH_4~＋-N去除率保持在80%以上时,将两个阶段性反应器并二沉池连接起来,设定内循环回流比和污泥回流比为2：1,停留时间为12 h,曝气量为0.50 m~3/h。溶解氧浓度为3～4 mg/L。将发酵液按一定比例稀释后加入反应器,直到全部进水为发酵液,此阶段历时32 d结束。试验过程中需要分析的项目及方法：COD,快速密闭催化消解法;NH_4~＋-N浓度,纳氏试剂分光光度法;NO_3~--N浓度,紫外分光光度法;总氮（TN）,过硫酸钾氧化紫外分光光度法;DO,DO测定仪测量;pH值,便携式pH计测量;温度,水银温度计测量。[结果]当温度为（32±2）℃,回流混合液比和回流污泥比分别为2和1,O段曝气量为0.5 m~3/h时,通过50 d的实际运行,COD、NH_4~＋-N的去除率分别达到89.87%和89.31%,表明反应器启动过程完成。[结论]可为猪场厌氧发酵液无害化技术提供一定的科学依据和借鉴。     

The Structure and Sequence Analysis of TLR4 Gene in Cattle

Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） is essential for initiating the innate response to lipopolysaccharide （LPS） from Gram-negative bacteria by acting as a signal transducting receptor. In order to help in investigating TLR4 as a candidate disease-resistance gene in cows, we isolated the cDNA （GenBank accession no. DQ839566） by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） experiments and analyzed the sequence characters by bioinformatics. The results showed that cattle TLR4 gene about 3 739 bp contains an open reading frame of 2 526 bp encoded 841 amino acids （aa）, 470 bp 5′ untranslated region （UTR）, and 743 bp 3′ UTR. Tissue expression profile by RT-PCR indicated that TLR4 gene expresses in mammary glands, liver, muscle, duodenum, fats, uterus, kidneys, hearts, lungs, pancreas, and ovary. TLR4 protein domain predicted by bioinformatics consists of signal peptide, transmembrane helices domain, 3 sorts of leucine-rich repeat domains （LRR, LRR-TYP, and LRRCT）, and a toll-interleukinl-resistance domain （TIR）. Leucine-rich repeat domains were related with recognizing a broad of pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMP） from pathogen, and TIR domain for downstream signaling transduction was most conservative （98% identify） than other domains after alignment of protein from ovine, porcine, human, and mouse. In addition, a 470 bp 5′-flanking region sequence was amplified by PCR, and 15 putative DNA binding sites were predicted, but this sequence lacks TATA box, CCAAT character, and GC-rich regions.     

Inhibition of Na＋,K＋-ATPase in Housefly （Musca domestica L.） by Terpinen- 4-ol and Its Ester Derivatives

To reveal the insecticidal mechanism of terpinen-4-ol, the activity of Na＋,K＋-ATPase in insects tested were determined in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that terpinen-4-ol and its ester derivatives had strong contact activity to housefly and the contact toxicities of its derivatives except Z3 were all superior or equivalent to terpinen-4-ol. All the 7 compounds had strong inhibition towards activity of Na＋,K＋-ATPase. With poisoning symptom exacerbating, the inhibition rates were gradually increased. In vitro, the IC50 of terpinen-4-ol, Z1, Z2, Z4, Z5, and Z6 was 155.89, 197.98, 96.02, 121.36, 124.85, and 153.74 μg mL% respectively. There was well correlation between the LDs0 of terpinen-4-ol derivatives to housefly and the IC50 of terpinen-4-ol derivatives to Na＋,K＋-ATPase in housefly. In conclusion, Na＋,K＋-ATPase was likely the target of terpinen-4-ol against insects.     

岱海表层沉积物中影响氨氮释放的模拟研究

以北方半干旱地区典型内陆封闭湖泊岱海为研究对象,采用室内模拟实验方法,开展了温度、pH、溶解氧及水生植物对湖泊沉积物中NH+4-N释放的影响研究.结果表明,温度升高,中性条件,厌氧条件均有利于NH+4-N的释放.狐尾藻对上覆水NH+4-N含量的有效控制作用是其抑制底泥释放、同化吸收作用和增强上覆水氧化条件等综合作用的结果,植物修复是控制湖泊富营养化水平的有效措施.     

不同耕作方式下稻田土壤CH4和CO2的排放及碳收支估算

二氧化碳(CO_2)和甲烷(CH_4)是重要的温室气体,研究免耕稻田CO_2和CH_4排放有助于评价稻田免耕技术对全球气候变化及碳循环的影响.本文通过运用静态箱技术和田间原位碱液吸收法研究了免耕稻田土壤CO_2和CH_4的排放规律和排放量,及其稻田碳(C)的收支状况.研究表明,施肥提高了CH_4排放,而不影响CO_2的排放;免耕显著影响稻田CH_4排放,而CO_2的排放不受耕作影响.对稻田C收支及平衡的分析表明,施肥提高了稻田系统C的输入,同时,相对于翻耕处理,免耕处理表现为大气C的"汇".表明了稻田免耕能将更多的碳累积于农田土壤碳库中,有利于提高稻田生态系统在减缓气温上升过程中所发挥的作用.     

用马占相思木材废料制备活性炭

以马占相思木材废料为原料,研究了利用微波辐射磷酸法制备活性炭的可行性。探讨了微波辐射磷酸法在微波功率900W,质量分数为45％磷酸溶液的条件下磷屑比、浸渍时间及微波辐射时间对产品得率、亚甲基蓝脱色能力的影响．得出了该试验条件下微波辐射磷酸法制备活性炭的最佳工艺：磷屑比2．5;1、浸渍时间36h、微波辐射时间12min,用此工艺制得的活性炭得率为48．2％,产品的亚甲基蓝脱色力为8lmL／g,达到国家二级品标准（GB／T13803．2-1999）。