Establishment of a proteomic reference map for the gastrocnemius muscle in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

In several laboratory and production species, the establishment of a proteome reference map of a specific tissue has been accomplished. The rabbit is widely used as both a production and experimental animal. A lot of physiology research involving the gastrocnemius muscle of rabbit is described, although no reference proteome map is available. In this work, the first reference map of the rabbit’s gastrocnemius muscle using 2D gel electrophoresis and the identification of proteins through peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) was established. A total of 45 proteins were localized and identified with three major roles: cell structure and contractile apparatus; metabolic and cell defense proteins. A reference map of major proteins expressed is described enabling possible comparisons with other physiological studies.     

转柞蚕抗菌肽D基因辣椒的目的基因及表达产物检测

应用现代生物技术,从核酸和蛋白质水平对转柞蚕抗菌肽D基因辣椒第4代的目的基因进行了检测。发现所分离的柞蚕抗菌肽D基因与原设计的序列一样;辣椒组织中也含有抑菌物质,经与天然抗菌肽D对比,表明抗菌肽D基因得到了表达。     

Diet is a main source of vitamin D in Finnish pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

During the winter time in Finland, sunlight is inadequate for vitamin D synthesis. Many pet rabbits live as house rabbits with limited outdoor access even during summer and may therefore be dependent on dietary sources of vitamin D. The aims of this study were to report the serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Finnish pet rabbits and to identify factors that influence vitamin D status. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from 140 pet rabbits were determined using a vitamin D enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit. Eleven rabbits were excluded from the statistical analysis because of unclear dietary data. The remaining 129 rabbits were divided into groups depending on outdoor access during summer (no access n = 26, periodic n = 57, regular n = 46) as well as daily diet: little or no hay and commercial rabbit food ≤1/2 dl (n = 12); a lot of hay and no commercial food daily (n = 23); a lot of hay and commercial food <1 dl (n = 59); a lot of hay and commercial food ≥1 dl (n = 35). The range of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was from 4.5 to 67.5 ng/ml with a mean of 26.1 ng/ml. Statistical general linear model adjusted for weight, age and season indicated that diet was associated with vitamin D concentrations (p = 0.001), but outdoor access during summer was not (p = 0.41). Mean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was significantly higher in the rabbits receiving a lot of hay and commercial food ≥1 dl (33.9 ± 13.2 ng/ml) than in rabbits in other diet groups (24.0 ± 8.5 ng/ml, 21.7 ± 8.1 ng/ml, and 22.2 ± 18.0 ng/ml, respectively). This investigation showed wide variation in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among Finnish pet rabbits. Diet remains a main source since outdoor access seems to be too limited to provide adequate vitamin D synthesis for most of them, and the use of vitamin D supplements is rare.     

德国牧羊犬复孔绦虫种类鉴定和遗传进化分析

为了对采集自3只德国牧羊犬小肠内的复孔绦虫进行种类鉴定和遗传进化分析,通过形态学方法对分离到的虫体进行孔雀绿染色后显微镜观察,并进一步基于线粒体部分基因(pcox1和pnad1)进行PCR扩增和序列分析.显微镜观察结果表明,分离到的虫体形态和内部结构符合犬复孔绦虫的特征.通过对扩增的靶基因序列及其遗传进化分析发现,3个...     

2008-2009年反刍动物营养研究进展 Ⅵ.维生素

作者综述了2008-2009年维生素在反刍动物中的研究进展。维生素A可提高反刍动物的免疫功能,影响反刍动物脂肪组织的发育,具有抗氧化作用;维生素D3能提高奶牛血浆中钙、磷水平,提高血清中25-(OH)D3的浓度,影响牛肉品质;维生素E能提高肉牛的生产性能、奶牛的产奶量,降低繁殖疾病的发病率,刺激生殖器官发育,改善繁殖性能。烟酸能提高牛的生产性能,提高T3、T4水平;叶酸和维生素B12合用能增加牛奶中乳糖、蛋白质及总固形物的产量;胆碱可缓解奶牛产后能量负平衡状态。     

黑色素皮质素受体1(MC1 R)基因与哺乳动物毛色

哺乳动物的有色毛表型要受黑色素皮质素受体1(Melanocortin Receptor1,MC 1 R)位点的不同等位基因调节。MC1R基因的变异与动物的皮毛、人的皮肤和头发颜色差异密切相关。本文对该基因的定位、突变、多态检测及黑色素皮质素受体的作用机制进行了综述。     

Allele frequencies of the extension locus encoding the melanocortin-1 receptor in Japanese and Korean cattle

In order to estimate the influence of the Extension (E) locus in cattle coat color, the melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) gene in Japanese Black, Japanese Brown and Korean (Hanwoo) cattle were sequenced. The sequences of the coding region revealed three alleles (E^D, E⁺ and e), which were previously reported. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to investigate the gene frequencies of the three breeds. Japanese Black was almost composed of E^D and E⁺ individuals, E^D = 0.481 and E⁺ = 0.514, and no homozygous e/e, therefore that is consistent with the hypothesis that E^D and E⁺ induce black pigment synthesis. Allele frequencies between Japanese Brown and Hanwoo were obviously different; however, recessive red e allele frequency was 0.038 for Japanese Brown and 0.948 for Hanwoo, even though both breeds have quite similar coat colors (ranging from yellowish brown to dark brown including a red coat color). This result suggested that other genes are also associated with a coat color of red and brown in cattle.     

金荞麦和玉米混合青贮对其营养成分和发酵品质的影响

将初花期金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don)Hara.)与青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)按比例混合青贮,通过感官评价、营养成分分析和有机酸含量比较,探究两者的最佳青贮混合比例。试验设金荞麦与青贮玉米混合的比例共6组,分别为100:0(CK),10:90(A),30:70(B),50:50(C),70:30(D)和90:10(E),青贮40天后开封检测。结果表明:随着金荞麦比例的增加,青贮饲料感官品质下降,pH显著升高(P0.05),粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙、磷的含量均显著提高(P0.05),粗脂肪、干物质含量显著下降(P0.05)。通过对青贮饲料有机酸含量进行评价,其变化情况与感官评价及pH变化一致,即金荞麦比例越高,评价得分越低。综合考虑,青贮饲料中金荞麦比例不宜过高,从金荞麦利用最大化角度出发,以B组比例青贮为佳。