Cytogenetic Studies on Five Egyptian Breeds of Domestic Goats

Contents: Blood samples were collected from 50 normal male and female goats belonging to five Egyptian breeds, and also from 22 sterile females. Leukocyte cultures were set up and chromosomal preparations were made. The karyotype of the goats examined was identical with that reported in the literature for foreign breeds, consisting of 58 acrocentric autosomes, a large, acro centric X and a small, metacentric Y chromosome. All acrocentric chromosomes had well defined C-bands, while the Y chromosome was uniformly dark. Chromosomal aberrations were infrequent in the normal animals, except in one male which had a high rate of polyploidy. There were no significant differences in cytological aberrations between breeds and sexes, except for polyploidy, which was caused by the one aberrant male with high polyploidy. The 22 sterile females were composed of 14 individuals which displayed XX/XY mosaicism and eight animals with only XX leukocytes. Among the 14 mosaics, 10 animals were intersexes, one displayed blind halves of the udder, and three were morphologically normal females. The eight sterile XX females were morphologically normal. Chromosomal aberrations were higher in sterile females than in fertile females. Sterile XX females had more aberrations than XX/XY mosaics. The aberrations consisted of chromatid breaks, centric fusion, chromosome and chromatid gaps and peridiploidy, in that order of significance. Concluding, the present study adds evidence for a link between sterility and chromosomal aberration. The high incidence of intersexuality associated with XX/XY mosaicism in polled goats warrants further study. Inhalt: ZTtogenetische Studien an fünf ägyptischen Ziegenrassen Von 50 normalen Ziegen fünf ägyptischer Rassen und von 22 unfruchtbaren Tieren wurden Blutproben gewonnen und Leukozytenkulturen und Chromosompräparationen angefertigt. Der untersuchte Karyotyp der Ziegen entsprach dem in der Literatur von ausländischen Rassen berichteten und besteht aus 58 akrozentrischen Autosomen, einem groβen akrozentrischen X- und einem kleinen metazentrischen Y-Chromosom. Alle akroxentrischen Chromosomen haben klar definierte C-Bänderung, während das Y-Chromosom einheitlich dunkel ist. Chromosomale Abweichungen sind in normalen Tieren selten, nur ein Bock hatte eine hohe Polyploidierate. Signifikante Unterschiede in zytologischen Abweichungen konnten zwischen Rassen und Geschlechtem nicht festgestellt werden, mit Ausnahme der Polyploidie des genannten Bockes. Unter 22 sterilen Ziegen waren 14 mit XX/XY-Mosaik und 8 XX-Tiere. Unter den 14 Mosaiken waren 10 Intersexe, ein Tier hatte eine blinde Euterhälfte und drei waren morphologisch normal. Die 8 unfruchtbaren XX-Ziegen waren morphologisch normal. Chromosomale Aberrationen waren in sterilen Ziegen höher als in fruchtbaren Tieren, die sterilen XX-Ziegen hatten mehr Abweichungen als die Ziegen mit XX/XY-Mosaiken. Die Aberrationen bestanden in Chromatidbrüchen, zentrischen Fusionen, Chromosom- und Chromatidlücken und Peridiploidie, und zwar in dieser Reihenfolge. Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, daß die gegenwärtigen Untersuchungen Hinweise für eine Verbindung zwischen Sterilität und chromosomalen Abweichungen liefert. Die gesteigerte Häufigkeit der Intersexualität in Verbindung mit XX/XY-Mosaiken in hornlosen Ziegen macht weitere Untersuchungen wünschenswert.     

Effects of the 6/15 Robertsonian Translocation in Saanen Goats

Contents: The effects of a 6/15 Robertsonian translocation on growth and reproductive performance were investigated. One carrier Saanen buck was compared with 36 non-carrier Saanen sires. No significant effect was observed on daily growth, libido, or siminal characteristics. Fertility rate and prolificacy of the carrier and normal males were 58.3% and 1.53 ± 0.79 (m ± sd) vs 48.9% and 1.36 ± 0.58 respectively (p > 0.05 ).
Kidding rate and prolificacy of 30 normal and 32 heterozygous daughters of this carrier buck were 60% vs 59% (p > 0.05) and 1.47 ± 0.57 vs 1.34 ± 0.48 (p > 0.05) respectively. Normal does always demonstrated a higher prolificacy (p > 0.05) independent of breeding pratices and service rank .
Inhalt: Einfluß der 6/15 Robertsonschen Translokation bei Saanenziegen
Es wurde der Einfluß einer 6/15 Robertsonschen Translokation auf Wachstum und Fortpflanzung sleistung untersucht. Ein Trägertier (Saanenbock) wurde mit 36 Nichtträgern verglichen. Es wurden keine Effekte hinsichtlich täglichen Wachstums, Libido und Spermacharakteristika festgestellt. Befruchtungsprozentsatz und Nachkommenrate des Trägertieres und der normalen Böcke war 58,3% und 1,53 ± 0,79 gegenüber 1,36 ± 0,58 (p ±0,05). Ablammrate und Nachkommensrate von 30 normalen und 32 heterozygoten Töchtern des Trägerbocks betrugen 60% gegenüber 59% (p ± 0.05) und 1,47 ± 0,57 gegenüber 1,34 ± 0,48 (p ± 0,05). Normale Ziegen zeigen höhere Nachkommensraten (p ± 0,05) unabhängig von Bedeckungspraxis und Besamungsfolge .     

Reduction of Radiocesium Transfer to Animal Products Using Sustained Release Boli with Ammoniumiron(III)-Hexacyanoferrate(II)

Hove, K. and H. S. Hansen: Reduction of radiocesium transfer to animal products using sustained release boli with ammoniumiron (III) - hexacyanoferrate (II). Acta vet. scand. 1993,34,287-297.– A sustained release bolus with the cesium binder ammoniu-miron(III) - hexacyanoferrate (AFCF) has been developed as a countermeasure for small ruminants grazing pastures contaminated by radiocesium (¹³⁴Cs+¹³⁷Cs). The boli (40-50 g) are produced by compression of a mixture of AFCF, barite and wax. The release of AFCF from boli labelled with 137Cs-iron-hexacyanoferrate complex was studied in laboratory sheep. The release rate followed first order kinetics during the 108 d of observation and decreased from 40 to 22, 110 to 35 and 280 to 25 mg d⁻¹ in sheep treated with 1, 2 or 3 boli respectively. The efficiency of boli in reducing radiocesium transfer to meat and milk was tested in laboratory studies with goats fed ¹³⁴Cs tracer. Until 40 d after treatment the transfer of radiocesium to milk was reduced by 35%, 60% and 85% in goats given 1, 2 or 3 boli, respectively. The reduction in radiocaesium transfer persisted for 90 d but with a lower efficiency. A similar relationship was found between number of boli and the reduction in radiocesium transfer to meat with an observed maximal reduction of 60%.     

消炎痛抑制山羊黄体溶解

在山羊发情周期第１６～２１天，每天给４只山羊按每公斤体重注射消炎痛１２ｍｇ；另４只山羊注射相应体积的玉米油作为对照，用血浆孕酮水平来监视黄体溶解过程。将血浆孕酮水平降到每毫升１ｎｇ以下的时刻定为黄体完全溶解的时间。对照组山羊的黄体在周期的１９．７ｄ完全溶解；处理组山羊的血浆孕酮水平到周期的第２２天时仍无明显的下降趋势。每天按每公斤体重注射１２ｍｇ消炎痛完全阻止了山羊的黄体溶解。     

奶山羊甘肃棘豆中毒卵巢,胎盘的病理学研究

为阐明甘肃棘豆引起山羊流产的机理，对９只怀孕关中奶山羊，每日按１０ｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量喂给甘肃棘豆粉。孕羊于第１０－４３ｄ陆续全部流产，流产的为弱羔、死胎、畸胎或腐败胎。流产羊子宫粘膜水肿、出血或腐败；母体胎盘整片出血或呈豆腐花状。光镜观察，卵卵巢黄体细胞、卵泡细胞和胎盘滋养层细胞胞浆广泛性空泡变性。透射电镜观察，卵母细胞、黄体细胞、合体滋养细胞的核仁和线粒体空泡变性；黄体细胞和合体滋养细胞核内出现不     

Reactivation of caprine herpesvirus 1 in latently infected goats

The authors report CapHV.1 reactivation in two latently infected adult goats treated with dexamethasone (DMS) (4.40 mg/kg BW) for 6 days. Virus was reisolated from vaginal swabs from the 3rd to the 12th day post-treatment with DMS and from nasal swabs for 2 days (6th and 7th day post-treatment). The animals also showed an increase of neutralizing antibody (SN) titer to CapHV.1 3 weeks after the end of treatment with DMS.     

辽宁庄河奶山羊“腰麻痹病”病原学及病理形态学研究

5例自然感染“腰麻痹病”奶山羊的病灶均局限在脑脊髓系统,其中1例脊髓腔中发现1条活泼的指状腹腔丝虫幼虫,在另一例脊髓实质病变部发现了与指状腹腔丝虫断面相似的虫体断面.各例病变性质均属虫伤性液化坏死性非化脓性脑脊髓炎变化.由此认为,指状腹腔丝虫幼虫是本病的病原.病灶的超微结构观察表明,病变无特异性,主要呈退行性病理变化:神经元、神经胶质细胞及细胞器呈严重的细胞病变,有髓神经纤维脱髓鞘,无髓神经纤维变性溶解,神经毡形成坏死性空洞及出血等变化.     

奶山羊胚胎一步冷冻移植试验

奶山羊胚胎一步冷冻移植试验刘伯宗，王光亚，马保华，段恩奎（西北农业大学家畜生殖内分泌与胚胎工程研究所，陕西杨陵７１２１００）山羊胚胎冷冻研究自Ｂｉｌｔｏｎ和Ｍｏｏｒｅ（１９７６）采用缓慢冷冻方法首次成功以来，研究进展较慢。直至１９８７年，Ｐｅｎｄｌｅ...     

Comparative studies on the effect of fenbendazole on the liver and liver microsomal enzymes in goats,quail and rats

To compare the effect of fenbendazole on the liver and liver microsomal mono-oxygenases of goats, quail and rats, an oral dose of 25 mg/kg was administered to the animals daily for 9 consecutive days. On the tenth day, blood samples and livers were collected from both the control and the treated animals for preparation of serum and microsomes respectively. Determination of the activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum samples showed that there was no significant increase in the activities of these enzymes in the treated animals as compared to their corresponding controls, suggesting no liver damage. Similarly, no significant difference in the amount of microsomal cytochrome P-450 was found between the control and the treated animals of the same species. Compared to their respective controls, the activities of microsomal benzphetamine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase were almost unchanged in the treated goats and rats. However, fenbendazole treatment appeared to enhance the activity of these two microsomal enzymes in quail. The results indicate that fenbendazole is not liver toxic to goats, quail or rats at a dose rate of 25 mg/kg.     

Post-mortem examination in the diagnosis of Johne's disease in goats.

Post-mortem examinations play an important role in Johne’s disease programmes in Norway. The results of such examinations of samples of viscera from 2997 goats carried out during the 5-year period 1972–1976 are given. The investigations show that the demonstration of macroscopical changes in mesenteric lymph nodes and small intestine has only limited value as a guideline in the post-mortem diagnosis of Johne’s disease in goats. Often macroscopical changes were not seen or they were non-specific. Caseous and/or calcified foci in mesenteric lymph nodes in infected animals were demonstrated quite often whilst observed intestinal changes were strikingly few. Corrugation of the mucosa was rare. However, in sections of macroscopically unchanged intestine marked epithelioid cell infiltrations and abundant acid-fast bacilli were not uncommon. In sporadic cases productive inflammation with tubercle formation was seen in lymph nodes in infected animals.Bacteriological culture was by far the most reliable post-mortem diagnostic method. By this method 92% of the infected goats were detected. The corresponding figures for histological examination and microscopy were 54% and 47%, respectively.