新疆哈密瓜细菌性斑点病种子带菌的分离检测

甜瓜果腐病是一种检疫性病害,可随种子远距离传播,给甜瓜生产带来很大的危害。本研究对哈密瓜种子上携带的瓜类果腐病菌和黄瓜角斑病菌进行了育苗症状检测、直接分离和带菌部位测定。结果表明,甜瓜细菌性果腐病和黄瓜细菌性角斑病均可随种子传播,特别是甜瓜细菌性果腐病种子带菌率较高,而且种子内外都携带一定量的病原菌,但种子带菌以种皮带菌为主。将带菌种子于低温下在PBS缓冲液的浸提液中浸提,2-4小时内的浸提效果较好,得到较充分病原菌的富集。     

烟草假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci)菌落的扫描电镜和微分干涉差显微镜观察

用扫描电子显微镜和微分干涉差光学显微镜观察了烟草假单胞杆菌菌落的发生、形成及排列情况。扫描电镜观察结果表明:在菌落中该菌呈平卧状紧密排列;菌落边缘整齐;菌落表面及菌体之间有细菌的分泌物。微分干涉差显微镜观察表明:该菌菌落的发生、形成按分层式进行,即细菌先在培养基平面上繁殖成一层,然后在该层的中心隆起,分裂繁殖成第2层,并继续按此方式形成第3层、第4层等。菌落的边缘呈梯田状,菌体平卧紧密排列。     

绿脓杆菌外毒素A与人组蛋白H4嵌合蛋白基因克隆及其原核表达载体的构建

设计引物以pCDPT2质粒(含PEA全序列)为模板亚克隆获得PEA功能区Ⅰa及功能区Ⅱ基因片段(1100 bp); 提取人染色体DNA作为模板,利用一对设计引物扩增获得了人组蛋白H4基因片段(316 bp);将两基因片段连接,构建了融合基因中间载体pMD-18T-PEA-H4;融合基因经NcoⅠ及XhoⅠ酶切,以正确阅读框架插入相同酶切的pET-28A中,经酶切分析及PCR扩增检测,筛选到阳性克隆,其质粒测序结果表明成功地构建了毒性基因缺失的PEA与人组蛋白H4融合基因的原核表达载体,为进一步表达并获得大量的融合蛋白奠定了基础。     

黑曲霉、荧光假单胞菌去除污水中重金属试验研究

将黑曲霉和荧光假单胞菌引入到传统的卡鲁塞尔氧化沟工艺模型中,参照规范中氧化沟的水力停留时间,分别选取12、16、20、24、28、32和36 h水力停留时间进行试验,研究了不同水力停留时间2种菌种对重金属Cd、Cr、Pb和Cu的吸附降解规律.对水力停留时间为36 h进行了接种对比试验研究.研究发现接种2种菌种后,当水力...     

Promotion of plant growth and in situ degradation of phenol by an engineered Pseudomonas fluorescens strain in different contaminated environments

We show that Pseudomonas fluorescens strain P13, a plant growth-promoting bacterium, enhanced the growth of corn in uncontaminated soil but not in contaminated soil, perhaps because of its inability to reduce phytotoxicity. Another bacterial strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SZH16, showed in situ phenol-degrading activity and contained a plasmid loaded with a gene encoding for catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase, an important enzyme in the degradation pathway of aromatic compounds. We implanted this biodegradation ability into strain P13, using horizontal gene transfer techniques using strain SZH16 as the donor and P13 as the recipient, to generate a phenol-degrading transconjugant which obtained the effective plasmid from strain SZH16. Introduction of the transconjugant P13 strain into an artificially phenol-spiked soil promoted the growth of corn and in situ phenol degradation, and the increase in plant biomass correlated with the decrease in soil phenol content. Furthermore, the transconjugant P13 strain was also found to stimulate corn growth and reduce phenol concentration in water containing phenol and in historically contaminated field soils, indicating that the transconjugant strain could promote plant growth in both contaminated and uncontaminated environments. The transconjugant P13 strain was more efficient than either strain P13 or SZH16, and shows how plant growth-promoting bacteria which show no, or only limited, ability to degrade organic pollutants may be modified. This technique is attractive for many environmental remediation and agronomic applications.     

平菇假单胞菌腐烂病防治研究

采用在室内进行抑茵毒力试验和菇棚化学防治试验的方法,研究3％中生菌素等药剂对平菇假单胞菌腐烂病的防治效果.结果表明:3％中生菌素300倍液及500倍液的抑茵效果较为突出,抑菌率分别达16.00％及13.89％,水杨酸100倍液及72％硫酸链霉素2 000倍液也有一定的抑茵效果.5种药剂在生产上防治平菇假单胞茵腐烂病均有良好的防效,其中3％中生菌素500倍液校正防效达到96.1％,最适宜在生产上推广应用.     

Biological control of red rot in sugarcane by native pyoluteorin‐producing Pseudomonas putida strain NH‐50 under field conditions and its potential modes of action

BACKGROUND: Rhizobacteria have a good potential to suppress soilborne diseases, but their efficacy against sugarcane pests is rarely reported. Bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of sugarcane were evaluated for their potential to suppress red rot disease on two susceptible varieties, Co‐1148 and SPF‐234, under field conditions. The strains were also characterised for the production of secondary metabolites associated with their antagonistic activity. RESULTS: One out of four strains, the Pseudomonas putida strain NH‐50 (EU627168), reduced disease severity by 44–60% in different field trials. This potent antagonistic strain produced pyoluteorin antibiotic, as confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The PltB gene involved in pyoluteorin synthesis was amplified from the P. putida strain NH‐50 and sequenced. The extracellular metabolites and volatile and diffusible antibiotics secreted by the tested strains inhibited mycelial growth of Glomerella tucumensis (Speg.) Arx & E Mull in vitro by 7–55%. CONCLUSION: The pyoluteorin‐producing bacteria P. putida strain NH‐50 significantly reduced disease severity on both sugarcane varieties, irrespective of fungal inoculation, i.e. either inoculated through stem or through soil. This strain also possesses other plant growth characteristics and can be used as a biopesticide for sugarcane crop. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

菠菜内生固氮菌的分离及其功能特性研究

内生固氮菌具有促生、病原菌的防治及生物固氮等作用,并且占据着植物组织内有利于营养供应和微环境适宜的生态位,是重要的微生物菌种资源。从菠菜根内分离筛选优势内生固氮菌7株,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)5株,红球菌属(Rhodococcus)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)各1株。菌株Pseudomonas sp.BCE6和Pseudomonas sp.BC-E8固氮酶活性较高,分别为(13.19±0.32)和(12.11±0.96)C2H4nmol/(mg protein·h),与圆褐固氮菌(ACCC11103)的固氮酶活性具有极显著性差异(P0.01);菌株Pseudomonas sp.BC-E7具有固氮酶活性[(8.42±0.03)C2H4nmol/(mg protein·h)]、产IAA能力[(59.58±4.15)μg/m L]、ACC脱氨酶活性[(5.067±0.376)μmol/(mg protein·h)],拮抗立枯丝核菌ACCC36124(Rhizoctonia solani)、麦类赤霉病ACCC36272(Gibberella zeae)等4种常见土传病害。菠菜内生固氮菌Pseudomonas sp.BC-E7是一株多功能内生菌,具有较好的生产应用前景。     

低温热处理对超高温灭菌乳中假单胞菌脂肪酶的活性影响

通过分析不同因素对假单胞菌脂肪酶活性的影响以及假单胞菌脂肪酶活性与超高温灭菌(UHT)乳脂肪上浮的关系,研究了控制UHT乳中假单胞菌脂肪酶活性和延缓脂肪上浮现象的措施。结果表明pH值对假单胞菌脂肪酶的活性有显著性影响(P<0.01),50、55、60℃(20min)的低温热处理能显著降低假单胞菌脂肪酶的活性(P<0.01)。贮藏试验表明低温热处理对控制UHT乳在贮存过程中的假单胞菌脂肪酶活性水平(P<0.01)和脂肪上浮现象(P<0.05)有明显的作用,而55℃和15min的低温热处理对缓解UHT乳在贮藏过程中的脂肪上浮现象最为有效。