Formulation and Physicochemical and Sensorial Evaluation of Biscuit-Type Cookies Supplemented with Fruit Powders

Cashew apple and guava residues from fruit juice industry were prepared as dehydrated fruit powders and used at different levels of wheat flour substitution for cookies formulations. The effects of guava and cashew apple fruit powders supplementation on physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of the cookies were evaluated. The pH, fibre and protein content were significantly affected. Biscuits with 15 g and 20 g/100g cashew apple and guava fruit powders showed the highest scores for sensorial attributes, respectively. The supplementation seems to be suited for wheat flour substitution and it is possible to obtain cookies with value-added food ingredient within the standards.     

Effect of processing on protein digestibility,biological value and net protein utilization of millet and legume based infant mixes and biscuits

Effect of combinations of millet and legume and processing on digestibility, biological value and net protein utilization was evaluated using albino rats. The millets and legumes selected for the study include sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, chickpea and green gram (P radiatus). The processes tested include dehulling, boiling, roasting, malting and baking. Among the combinations tested, the sorghum-chickpea combination had significantly (p<0.05) higher digestibility. Between the processes tested, roasting resulted in significantly higher net protein utilization. Results of biological study on biscuits prepared by using millet and legume combination flours, indicated the biscuits to be of good protein quality.     

水稻品质改良的研究发展现状

分析了当前我国进行水稻品质研究的重要意义。从稻米品质的测定、评价、遗传研究和育种实践的角度阐述了国内外水稻品质研究的现状,并从大众的消费观念和市场需求出发指明了未来提高食味、营养和加工品质的水稻品质改良发展方向。     

Changes in dietary fiber content and its composition as affected by processing of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris,Tamazulapa variety)

This paper presents the effect that the traditional cooking process of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, Tamazulapa variety) has on the quantity and composition of soluble (SDF) and insoluble (IDF) dietary fiber of beans, as well as on its protein digestibility and protein quality. There was an increase of IDF from 18.1% in cooked beans to 22.4% in fried beans, and a decrease in SDF from 8.4% to 6.6%, respectively. Starch content decreased from 34.5% to 31.3%. No change was found in lignin. The xylose content was higher in IDF than in SDF and decreased to some extent from cooked to fried beans. Arabinose content was similar in IDF and SDF with no change caused by processing. The fraction containing glucose, mannose and galactose in IDF was higher than in SDF, the content increasing in IDF and decreasing in SDF, with processing. Protein content in IDF was higher than in SDF, with no major change when processing. About 29.5% of the total protein of beans was bound in DF. Protein digestibility and protein quality decreased from cooked to fried beans and was positively related to IDF.     

Evaluation of the effect of processing techniques on the nutrient and antinutrient contents of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) seeds

This work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of soaking, sprouting, cooking and fermentation or their combinations on the nutrient and antinutrient contents of pearl millet seeds. Standard assay procedures were adopted to determine both the nutrient and the antinutrient concentrations of the products. The synergistic effect of cooking and fermentation improved the nutrient quality. The antinutrients were reduced to safe levels to a greater extent than did any of the other processing techniques or their combinations employed.     

大豆加工特性及品质评价的研究进展

大豆品质的优劣是衡量不同大豆制品好坏的重要依据,明确的品质评价方法和品质评价标准是确定大豆加工适宜性的可靠指标,且能够为后续筛选出大豆加工专用品种奠定基础。本文综述了大豆加工特性以及品质评价指标的研究进展,主要归纳了大豆在制取蛋白、制油以及其它生物活性物质加工利用的加工特性,并从感官品质、理化营养品质、加工品质3方面总结了大豆的品质评价指标,整理我国现有的大豆品质评价标准,分析我国大豆品质评价研究中存在的问题与不足,并对其今后的研究方向和目标进行展望。     

施氮对强筋小麦品种山农12号HMW-GS表达量和加工品质的影响

为探索施氮对强筋小麦HMW-GS表达量及加工品质的影响,在大田条件下以强筋小麦品种山农12号为材料,设置了不同施氮时期和施氮量的处理,分析了这些处理条件下强筋小麦的HMW-GS表达量及主要品质参数.结果表明,HMW-GS表达量受氮肥处理的影响,每一个HMW-GS表达量都有一个适合的最佳施氮时期和施氮量.综合考虑各HMW-GS表达量,以拔节期施氮且施纯氮量90 kg/ha,孕穗期不施氮较好.不同施氮时期和施氮量主要影响小麦蛋白质的品质;面团揉混仪参数受氮肥处理的影响比面团粉质仪参数受到的影响小;无论是面包体积还是面包评分,都是以拔节期施纯氮45 kg/ha、孕穗期施纯氮210 kg/ha效果最好.相关分析表明,无论是面团流变学特性还是面包品质,Glu-D1位点和X-型亚基的贡献都优于Glu-B1位点和Y-型亚基.表明不同的施氮时期和施氮量都对强筋小麦HMW-GS的表达及强筋小麦主要加工品质有影响.     

基于SWOT分析辽宁省五味子的产业发展及其可持续性的探讨

五味子作为我国传统中药材,应用历史悠久,已被收入国家卫生健康委保健食品名单。五味子作为重要的保健食品药材,具有广阔的市场前景,现阶段由于五味子生产不规范、质量不稳定、涉农企业深精加工能力不足等原因严重制约辽宁省五味子产业发展。该文综合运用SWOT分析法,从五味子产业的优势、劣势、机遇、威胁4个方面进行逐一分析,提出辽宁省五味子产业可持续发展的建议,旨在为今后辽宁省五味子产业的可持续发展及产品的精深开发提供新思路。     

基于主成分分析的强筋小麦加工品质综合评价

为有效评价不同强筋小麦品种加工品质的差异,以65个强筋小麦品种(系)为研究对象,对其籽粒、面粉及面团品质特性进行分析,在主成分分析基础上,利用综合得分对供试材料进行品质评价,并利用聚类分析法对其分类。结果表明,在20个品质评价指标中,容重的变异系数最小(1.36%),面团形成时间的变异系数最大(62.90%)。千粒重与稳定时间、拉伸面积等参数呈极显著负相关;湿面筋含量与籽粒蛋白含量、沉降值呈极显著正相关,与面筋指数呈极显著负相关;面筋指数与面团参数(弱化度除外)呈极显著正相关。通过主成分分析将20个性状综合成5个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到82.437%;其中,第1、2主成分的贡献率较高(33.083%、25.111%),分别代表了面团及蛋白质因子。综合评价得分高的品种(系)有6个,为师栾02-1、新麦26、藁优5766、科兴3302、鲁研1403、陕农33,可作为品质改良的亲本材料加以利用。65个材料可分为5个类群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群的籽粒品质较好;第Ⅲ类群的面团品质最佳;第Ⅳ类群的籽粒、面粉及面团的综合性状较好;第Ⅴ类群的籽粒蛋白与面筋含量最高。     

我国小麦品质现状分析

为给小麦生产及粮食购销、加工企业提供小麦品种品质方面的信息,2003～2005年从全国各地征集了1334份小麦样品（包括369个品种）,对其籽粒品质、面粉品质、面团特性及加工品质进行了测定和评价。结果表明,在所测试的品质性状中,稳定时间的变异系数最高（83．28％）,其次为最大阻力、形成时间、拉伸面积、沉淀值、降落数值、延伸性、湿面筋和蛋白质含量,容重、出粉率和吸水率的变异系数较低（2．44％、2．84％、6．06％）。稳定时间、拉伸面积、形成时间、沉淀值、最大阻力等品质性状在品种间和年度间变化较大。与国家标准相比对,2003、2004和2005年测试样品中分别达到强筋和弱筋小麦国家标准主要指标的品种数为7、24、39个和2、6、12个。与农业部1986、1990、1994年三次面包品质测定结果相比较,我国强筋小麦的烘焙品质呈逐步改良趋势。