微生态制剂饲料饲喂肉羊效果研究

为了探讨微生态制剂饲料对内羊的育肥效果,随机选取90只陕北白绒山羊作为试验动物,分3个组,每组30只,进行为期60d的育肥试验.3个组精饲料由羊场统一提供.粗饲料:对照组饲喂干玉米秸秆,试验Ⅰ组饲喂青贮玉米秸秆,试验Ⅱ组饲喂添加0.4％ EM(有效微生物菌群)菌液的干玉米秸秆.结果表明:经过60d的饲养,试验Ⅱ组羊体质...     

益生菌复合制剂的研制

[目的]研制益生菌复合制剂。[方法]分离、筛选纳豆芽孢杆菌xw1、乳酸菌xw2、酵母菌xw3,进行动物灌胃试验与肠道菌群检测试验。[结果]通过饲喂益生菌复合制剂,小鼠肠道厌氧菌菌群有不同程度地增多,且一些致病肠杆菌受到抑制。综合分析,得到1个益生菌复合制剂的适宜配方（108 cfu/m l）：纳豆芽孢杆菌xw1：乳酸菌xw2：酵母菌xw3为2∶1∶1。[结论]益生菌复合制剂有促进动物生长,维持肠道微生态平衡的功效。     

海水养殖甲壳类动物幼体益生菌N6发酵条件的优化研究

[目的]优化海水养殖甲壳类动物幼体益生菌A.isolate N6的发酵条件。[方法]通过单因子和多因子正交试验,对菌株N6的培养基成分及发酵条件进行了优化。[结果]最佳发酵条件为：葡萄糖6.0 g/L,硫酸铵6.0 g/L,酵母膏1.5 g/L,NaCl 1.0 g/L,初始pH7.2,摇床转速180 r/min,接种量3%,温度26℃,培养周期24 h,得到的活菌数达到2.34×1011 cfu/ml,比优化前提高了129%。[结论]为该益生菌制剂的研制及推广应用奠定了基础。     

复合微生态制剂对鱼肠道及肠道内嗜水气单胞菌的相关作用

[目的]研制水产复合微生态制剂,逐步取代化学药物及抗生素在水产养殖中的使用.[方法]将不同浓度的EM与解淀粉芽孢杆菌按1:1的比例喷洒饵料,饲喂草鱼.三个月后,检测草鱼肠道绒毛的生长状况;同时用实时荧光定量PCR检测嗜水气单胞菌的含量.[结果]添加复合微生态制剂可促进肠绒毛发育,促进肠绒毛长度及宽度的生长,浓度越高,效果越好;不能增强草鱼肠道浆膜层、肌肉层、黏膜下层厚度;添加复合微生态制剂可抑制嗜水气单胞菌生长,益生菌的浓度越高抑制效果越好.[结论]所配制的复合微生态制剂可抑制嗜水气单胞菌生长,可在水产养殖生产中推广和应用.     

益生菌腊样芽孢杆菌的筛选及培养基的优化

为开发具有特定生理活性的新型微生态制剂,以益生菌腊样芽孢杆菌(BacillusCereus)为初发菌株,对蜡样芽孢杆菌的初发菌株进行了耐受性试验,其耐受性结果为:pH4.8;胆盐浓度(W/V)0.01%;温度48℃。然后对蜡样芽孢杆菌的初发菌株通过紫外线诱变,筛选出能够适应肠道生存环境,耐受胆盐和高温的优良菌株,其极限耐受条件为:pH4.2,胆盐浓度0.045克/100毫升,温度55℃。通过单因素试验和正交实验确定了腊样芽孢杆菌发酵培养基的最佳配比为(W/V):葡萄糖1.0%,豆粕粉3.0%,玉米浆0.3%。对诱变后的菌株进行了生长曲线的测定,并通过生理生化试验对筛选出来的菌株进行鉴定。     

Interference of the humoral immune response against resident and nonresident intestinal commensal strains in weaning pigs

Not nocuous bacteria are important for the maturation and the modulating activity of the gut immune system. However, the humoral immune response against commensal and probiotic bacteria is less documented, particularly in farmhouse animals. Blood serum and saliva were collected in two trials where probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LbR), well-defined human isolate (Trial A), and a novel and abundant porcine commensal, Lactobacillus sobrius strain 001^T (LbS) (Trial B), were supplemented to weaning pigs. Anti-LbR IgA were present in serum of pigs before treatment with LbR, but also after 1 or 2 weeks in control pigs, notwithstanding the absence of DNA from LbR in colon. Pigs fed or not LbS for 1 or 2 weeks had LbS-specific IgA, in saliva and in serum. Colon contents of control subjects were positive for DNA from LbS. We hypothesized that part of this IgA strain-specific activity is partially related to immune cross-reactivity between different Lactobacillus-species. With the procedure of Shu et al. [Shu, Q., Bird, S.H., Gill, H.S., Rowe, J.B., 1999. Immunological cross-reactivity between the vaccine and other isolates of Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 26, 153–158], after ELISA test on blood serum or saliva pre-incubated with LbR or LbS, each strain blocked a relevant part of IgA specific for the other. So bacteria with different affinity for the pig present reciprocal crossed immune activity. When probiotics are supplied to weaning pigs, the possible action of already present multi-effective IgA should be considered. The mechanism of IgA induction by certain probiotics needs to be addressed in further studies.     

Study and use of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri in pigs: a review

Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide a wide variety of health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. The bacterial strains most frequently used as probiotic agents are lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus reuteri, which is one of the few endogenous Lactobacillus species found in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans, rats, pigs and chickens. L. reuteri is one of the most well documented probiotic species and has been widely utilized as a probiotic in humans and animals for many years. Initially, L. reuteri was used in humans to reduce the incidence and the severity of diarrhea, prevent colic and necrotic enterocolitis, and maintain a functional mucosal barrier. As interest in alternatives to in-feed antibiotics has grown in recent years, some evidence has emerged that probiotics may promote growth, improve the efficiency of feed utilization, prevent diarrhea, and regulate the immune system in pigs. In this review, the characteristics of L. reuteri are described, in order to update the evidence on the efficacy of using L. reuteri in pigs.     

酸化剂、益生素和寡糖对断奶仔猪粪中微生物菌群和免疫功能的影响及其互作效应研究

本试验旨在研究酸化剂、益生素和寡糖单独或合并使用对断奶仔猪微生物菌群以及免疫功能的影响。试验采用2×2×2因子设计,共8个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验结果表明:(1)试验全期添加酸化剂提高血液IgG水平(21.74%),降低粪便中大肠杆菌的数量(58.31%);添加益生素显著提高血液IgG水平(10.40%,P<0.05),极显著提高淋巴细胞转化率(6.61%,P<0.01);添加寡糖极显著提高血液IgG水平(19.23%,P<0.01)和淋巴细胞转化率(11.76%,P<0.01)。添加酸化剂、益生素或寡糖均提高粪便中乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量,降低大肠杆菌数量,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)益生素加酸化剂、寡糖加酸化剂、益生素加寡糖、三者合用显著提高血液IgG水平和淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05),对血液IgM水平没有显著的影响(P>0.05)。酸化剂和益生素对提高断奶仔猪血液IgG水平具有显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。酸化剂和寡糖、益生素和寡糖对血液IgA水平具有极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)的互作效应,表现为较单独添加寡糖降低IgA水平;酸化剂和益生素未体现出显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。酸化剂、益生素和寡糖合用较对照组和单独添加降低大肠杆菌数量,较单独添加降低淋巴细胞转化率,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此得出结论:酸化剂、益生素、寡糖单独或合并使用均能改善断奶仔猪微生物菌群,增强其免疫功能。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics on the growth,activities of digestive and non‐specific immune enzymes in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀)

Effects of Bacillus cereus BC‐01, Lactobacillus acidophilus LAG01, Clostridium butyricum CBG01 and their combinations as supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and serum non‐specific immunity of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂×E. fuscoguttatus ♀) were assessed. Seven different diets, that is one control diet (basal feed without any probiotics, CT) and six treatment diets containing single B. cereus (Bs), L. acidophilus (Ls) and C. butyricum (Cs) at 1.0 × 10⁹ cfu/kg feed, and also their combinations in equal proportion at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 × 10⁹ cfu/kg feed (BLC1, BLC2 and BLC3) were prepared respectively. After 60‐day feeding trial, the final weight, specific growth rate,food consumption, food conversion efficiency and apparent digestibility coefficient of fish in Ls and BLC3 were significantly higher compared with the control (p < .05). The activities of pepsin and trypsin in the intestine of fish for Ls and BLC3 were significantly higher relative to the control (p < .05). Relative to controls, significantly enhanced amylase and lipase activities in proximal intestine except for Cs and BLC1 and lipase activities in distal intestine except for Cs were observed (p < .05). Meanwhile, activities of superoxide dismutase in the serum of fish for all treatments, lysozyme and catalase in Ls and BLC3, and glutathione peroxidase except for Cs were significantly enhanced (p < .05). Based on the above, dietary supplementation of single L. acidophilus at 1.0 × 10⁹ cfu/kg or combination of three strains at 3.0 × 10⁹ cfu/kg for hybrid grouper is recommended.     

Effect of a Dietary Mixture of Beneficial Bacteria on Growth Performance,Health Condition,Chemical Composition,and Water Quality of Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus Fingerlings

ABSTRACT

Effects of dietary supplementation of Bifidobacterium longhum, Bifidobacterium thermophilum, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, health condition, body chemical composition, and water quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings were evaluated. Five experimental treatments in triplicate were fed a diet containing 30% crude protein supplemented with variable inclusion of bacterial mixture: control, T1, T2, T3, and T4 containing 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 g bacterial mixture/kg diet, respectively. Fish fed the T4 diet had the highest final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, thermal growth coefficient, feed intake, and the best feed conversion ratio. No significant differences in body chemical composition of fish were observed in terms of dry matter, crude protein, lipid, ash, and energy content among all treatments. Probiotic supplementation showed no noticeable differences on haematological and biochemical blood parameters, except for packed cell volume, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, aspartate transaminase, glucose, uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Conclusively, Nile tilapia fingerlings diet supplemented with evaluated probiotic with an optimal dietary supplementation of 4 g/kg diet improved growth performance and fish health without a negative impact on water quality. This supplementation could therefore be used as a probiotic in Nile tilapia fingerlings diet.