典型草原种群特征对放牧制度的响应

采用放牧形式研究典型草原不同放牧制度群落动态变化规律.结果表明,牧草生长季前期干旱年份(2001年),划区轮牧区月现存量、生长量、生产力都显著高于自由放牧区(P＜0.05),而在降雨充沛的年份(2002年),两放牧处理无显著差异(P＞0.05);划区轮牧区的优势种的密度、高度、盖度以及重要值在两年均高于自由放牧区(P＜0.05).     

莫莫格湿地干-湿界面优势植物种群动态分析

莫莫格湿地从高河漫滩底端到顶端选取有代表性的植物群落片断作为固定观测样带,并设置6个观测样方,生长季5月、7月、9月3次观测结果表明,小叶章优势种群5月份密度最高达1154-1594株/平方米,7月种群数量下降,9月有所升高;踏头苔草优势种群5-7月份密度在3 414-7 193株/平方米,9月份种群数量大幅度下降;土壤相对含水量低地段小叶章种群相对优势度大,土壤相对含水量高地段踏头苔草种群相对优势度大,局部地段生长季内有相对优势度相互替代过程,莫莫格湿地干-湿界面上小叶章和踏头苔草两个种群可以共存。     

Density estimates of rural dog populations and an assessment of marking methods during a rabies vaccination campaign in the Philippines

We estimated the population density of dogs by distance sampling and assessed the potential utility of two marking methods for capture-mark-recapture applications following a mass canine rabies-vaccination campaign in Sorsogon Province, the Republic of the Philippines. Thirty villages selected to assess vaccine coverage and for dog surveys were visited 1 to 11 days after the vaccinating team. Measurements of the distance of dogs or groups of dogs from transect lines were obtained in 1088 instances (N = 1278 dogs; mean group SIZE = 1.2). Various functions modelling the probability of detection were fitted to a truncated distribution of distances of dogs from transect lines. A hazard rate model provided the best fit and an overall estimate of dog-population density of 468/km² (95% confidence interval, 359 to 611). At vaccination, most dogs were marked with either a paint stick or a black plastic collar. Overall, 34.8% of 2167 and 28.5% of 2115 dogs could be accurately identified as wearing a collar or showing a paint mark; 49.1% of the dogs had either mark. Increasing time interval between vaccination-team visit and dog survey and increasing distance from transect line were inversely associated with the probability of observing a paint mark. Probability of observing a collar was positively associated with increasing estimated density of the dog population in a given village and with animals not associated with a house. The data indicate that distance sampling is a relatively simple and adaptable method for estimating dog-population density and is not prone to problems associated with meeting some model assumptions inherent to mark-recapture estimators.     

玉米品系内改良S1选择方法与技术

根据玉米群体轮回选择的基本原理和方法，建立起一套简单易行的群体改良S1选择方法，其主体技术包括组建一个好的基础群体，利用控制授粉提高优良基因的频率，借助互交使基因重组。采用此方法对CIMMYT提供的热带玉米群体进行了3轮选择，群体产量平均每轮增益为6．4％，群体测交种产量平均每轮增益为6．3％。表明群体产量的一般配合力有较大的提高。     

关于偏微分方程人口模型中死亡率的确定

本文利用不动点方法讨论了一类描述人口变化规律的一阶双曲型方程确定死亡率d (x ,t)的一个反问题 ,在已知函数的一些假设条件下 ,给出该问题解的存在唯一性定理     

Molecular Markers in Population Genetics of Forest Trees

Rapid progress is being made in many areas of forest population genetics owing to the newly available molecular techniques and the fast growth of genomic and sequence data. This paper reviews the currently available genetic markers and their applications in studies on gene diversity, population structure and differentiation, gene flow, introgression, phylogeny and gene evolution. Various marker-based population analyses have highlighted the evolutionary history of many tree species. However, up to now, genetic markers have not fulfilled the expectations for studies on the adaptive variation and the effects of natural selection on forest tree populations. Studies based on integrated and extensive genome sampling, especially the coding regions of the genome, in combination with adaptive traits can potentially improve this situation. This would provide us with a comprehensive knowledge of the evolutionary mechanisms shaping the population changes, both adaptive and neutral.     

茂名大放鸡海域文昌鱼分布与种群特性研究

研究表明茂名大放鸡海域的文昌鱼主要分布在东经111°10′～111°17′,北纬21°19′～21°27′区域,分布面积达195．5km2,平均资源密度为51～86尾／m2,最高达到815尾／m2,文昌鱼分布密度中心概位在小放鸡西至西北侧附近;体长结构具明显的季节变动,秋冬季节是文昌鱼的主要补充季节;性腺成熟度和性别比例在不同季节和生长阶段具有明显的差异,春季性成熟个体占的比重最高达65％;随着体长的增加文昌鱼性腺成熟度也渐次增加,体长与性腺成熟度比例成三次曲面关系;其性比随着体长增长发生明显变化,体长为35～60mm时雌雄个体性比接近1,体长大干60mm时雌性个体数量明显小于雄性;文昌鱼全年的体长体重关系方程为W=0．0012L3.32;当体长达到50mm后文昌鱼资源群体尾数减少系数为0．55／cm。     

夏大豆干物质生产、光合生理特性对群体调控的反应

试验设置12.75万、15.75万、18.75万、21.75万、24.75万株/hm~2 5个群体密度,研究了夏大豆干物质生产、光合生理特性对群体调控的反应。结果表明同一生育时期随群体密度的增加单株干物质积累量、各器官分配比重、叶绿素相对含量、产量性状呈下降趋势,叶面积指数随着生育进程的推进呈现先增加后降低的单峰抛物线变化趋势,鼓粒期达到峰值后开始下降。在12.75万～24.75万株/hm~2群体密度范围内,产量随群体密度的增加呈现先增加后降低趋势,18.75万株/hm~2产量最高达3 029.58 kg/hm~2。     

Rabies seroprevalence of street dogs from São Paulo City, Brazil

A sample of 602 street dogs captured by the São Paulo zoonosis-control municipal service was analyzed for the presence of serum antibodies against the rabies virus and compared to a control sample of 37 dogs from the kennel of the police of São Paulo. Data were stratified into 4 age intervals and the age from the street-dog sample was estimated by general aspects and dental observation according to standard techniques. We assumed that seropositivity was due to previous vaccination (no sub-clinical infection). From the prevalence data, we estimated the age-dependent incidence-density rate of vaccination by a simple mathematical model, which also allowed the estimation of the period of antibody protection given by the supposed vaccination. Crude seroprevalence in the street-dog sample was 16.5% and in the sample from the police-kennel dogs was 80%. The average age of first vaccination calculated for the street-dog sample was 5 years of age (if we assumed an average period of vaccine protection of 3 years) — but 5 months of age for the police-kennel sample.     

Variation in morphophysiological characters of fruits of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonobalanus doichangensis</Emphasis> (Fagaceae) according to individual trees,populations and years

Trigonobalanus doichangensis is recognized as a rare and endangered plant of China. The morphological and physiological traits of fruits were investigated in one population over 2 years (2006–2007) and in four populations during 2007 in order to facilitate ex-situ conservation and eventual reforestation through planting of propagules. The results indicated that morphological traits including fruit length, fruit width and 1,000-fruit weight showed significant variation among individual trees within populations (P < 0.01), however, not among populations. And each of them had significant positive correlation with each other (P < 0.01). Seed abortion occurred, and there was significant variation in percentage of fruit fill among populations and among individual trees within populations, whereas, percentage of fruit fill showed no correlation with the morphological traits. As for fruit germination, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index presented significant variation among populations and among individual trees within populations. The three germination-related indices had significant positive correlations with each other (r ≥ 0.9, P < 0.01) and with percentage of fruit fill (r > 0.86, P < 0.01), however, possessing weak correlations with morphological traits. It was also found that each of the traits mentioned above showed significant variation among individual trees within years, however, not between years. In addition, more than 48% of the variation occurred among individual trees both within populations and within years in all the fruit characters. We suggest that collecting fruits from various individuals at each of populations will be the preferred strategy to conserve the most genetic diversity of the species.