Yin-yang Balance Therapy on Regulating Cancer Stem Cells

Researches have shown that cancer stem cells,regulated by the niche where they reside,are the roots of oncogenesis,relapse and metastasis.To date,very few treatments have targeted on cancer stem cells....     

盐度骤变对金钱鱼幼鱼鳃线粒体丰富细胞形态结构的影响

文章采用显微技术研究了盐度骤降(20盐度组投入5盐度组)、盐度骤升(20盐度组投入35盐度组)胁迫下,金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)幼鱼鳃线粒体丰富细胞(Mitochondria-rich cells,MRCs)形态结构的变化.结果显示,低盐胁迫3 h MRCs长径[(9.517±1.390)μm]和短径...     

Functional characterization of Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris haemocyte separated using density gradient centrifugation

Haemocytes from penaeid shrimp (Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris) were separated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Shrimp haemocytes were spontaneously adhered to glass, allowing slide preparations for staining and microscopic differential counting. Like other crustaceans, shrimp has three main populations differing in presence and size of cytoplasmic granules and each population seems to be biochemical or functionally compromised. Prophenoloxidase (proPO )activity was mainly located in large granules haemocytes (75%) while the small granules cells participate with 25%, but seem to be responsible for encapsulation. Haemocyte discrimination ability was tested using Sephadex? (Seph?), DEAE‐Seph? and CM‐Seph?. Only DEAE‐Seph? was encapsulated by shrimp haemocytes and provoked the release of proPO activating system, indicating the role of particle charge in the activation of shrimp immune response.     

厚颌鲂外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征研究

采用血细胞常规染色和细胞化学染色对厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征进行观察。结果显示:厚颌鲂外周血细胞可分为红细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和三种类型粒细胞。红细胞有幼稚、成熟和衰老三种形态,其中幼稚和衰老红细胞较少见;血栓细胞数量最多,其次是淋巴细胞。粒细胞中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型较常见,Ⅲ型粒细胞少有。细胞化学染色显示幼红细胞、血栓细胞和淋巴细胞均呈ACP弱阳性;单核细胞呈ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅰ型粒细胞是嗜中性粒细胞,POX、ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅱ型粒细胞是PAS-GL,PAS强阳性和ACP阳性;Ⅲ型粒细胞是Ⅰ型粒细胞的晚期形态。厚颌鲂的PAS-GL可能是嗜酸性/嗜碱性粒细胞,而不是嗜碱性粒细胞的前体。     

魁蚶血细胞分类及其免疫功能的初步分析

借助显微观察和鳗弧菌免疫刺激等手段,首次对魁蚶血细胞进行分类及免疫功能分析.魁蚶血细胞可分为3大类:红细胞、白细胞和血栓细胞,红细胞发育过程大致经历新生、成熟、衰老和死亡4个阶段.白细胞分为:嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞,以及淋巴细胞和巨核细胞.嗜酸性、嗜中性、嗜碱性细胞和血栓细胞均参与血液的凝固;红细胞、白细胞均有吞噬病原菌能力,红细胞具有被动吞噬作用和免疫吸附作用,白细胞具有主动吞噬作用,嗜酸性和嗜中性细胞是吞噬病原菌的主体,嗜碱性细胞具有吞噬大颗粒异物的作用,魁蚶感染病原菌后白细胞增多并表现炎症.研究表明,魁蚶血细胞在应对外界的免疫刺激时,能作出系统免疫应答,且血细胞免疫分工明确,以抵御外界不良刺激.     

西伯利亚鲟性腺早期发生、分化、发育的组织学观察

利用组织学方法研究人工繁育、养殖的西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)仔、幼、成鱼性腺发育过程中原始生殖细胞(Primordial germ cells,PGC)的迁移,生殖褶的生成,性腺雌雄分化和发育过程。结果表明,西伯利亚鲟于3dph(Days post-hatch)时,PGC以单细胞的形式存在于仔鱼卵黄囊上方两中肾管之间,10dph时其迁移到背侧的腹膜上皮上,13dph时其沿腹膜上皮朝肾管区下方迁移,22dph时生殖嵴形成,31dph时原始性腺形成,40～60dph时原始性腺发育形成裂腔,PGCs沿腔壁排列,裂腔经过进一步发育并从背离腹膜上皮的底端慢慢愈合成实体,90dph时原始性腺中出现生殖上皮和性细胞,150dph时脂肪细胞和血管增多,210dph时性腺出现2种不同的表面结构,性腺开始分化。本研究利用组织学方法借鉴鱼类性腺分期标准,将西伯利亚鲟性腺分化划分为0期和Ⅰ～Ⅵ期,并描述了各期精巢、卵巢的结构变化以及细胞形态学特征。     

海洋贝类提取物对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

采用20％胎牛血清（FBS），碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF)所诱导的大鼠VSMCs增殖模型，观察了海洋贝类提取物（ESs)对血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs)增殖的影响。将培养的5－8代细胞接种于96孔板，除正常组加入含0．4％FBS的M199培养液外，其他组均加入含20％FBS培养液（或含50ng/ml bFGF的0．4％FBS培养液），同时给药组分别加入含有25，50，100μl/ml浓度的ESs，孵育48h后，以细胞计数，结晶紫染色及MTT比色法VSMCc生长情况。结果表明，与模型组比较，ESs各剂量组VSMCs的增殖受到明显抑制（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。ESs对20％FBS和bFGF所致的VSMCs增殖具有明显抑制作用，并存在剂量依赖关系。     

Artificially induced tetraploid masu salmon have the ability to form primordial germ cells

Diploid gametes generated with tetraploid animals are a stepping stone to improving chromosome manipulation techniques. However, artificially induced tetraploid individuals generally die soon after hatching. Diploid gametes could be induced by in vivo cultures of tetraploid primordial germ cells (PGCs) through germ-line chimera. In the present study, characteristics of PGCs were studied in inviable tetraploid masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou. Histological observation of tetraploid embryos revealed that the same or smaller numbers of PGCs were observed and they migrate into the genital ridges as did diploid PGCs during gonadogenesis. By whole-mount in situ hybridization using vasa messenger RNA (mRNA), 4–35 vasa-positive signals were detected in a pair of genital ridges of tetraploids. By cytological observation of genital ridge cell suspensions, several large round cells were observed, some of which extended pseudopodia. They also contained large nuclei and round granules in their cytoplasm, characteristics of PGCs. As the results suggest that inviable artificial tetraploids have PGCs, we expect to achieve diploid gamete production through surrogate propagation and tetraploid fish production.     

驼背鲈血细胞的超微结构

利用电镜技术对驼背鲈（Cromileptes altivelis）外周血细胞的超微结构进行了研究。结果表明,电镜下可区分6种类型的细胞：红细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞和浆细胞。红细胞呈圆形或椭圆形,可见线粒体、少数囊泡;根据细胞中的颗粒形态大小和细胞核的形态,可将粒细胞分为4种类型：I型粒细胞、II型粒细胞、III型粒细胞和IV型粒细胞。单核细胞圆形,表面较平整,偶有伪足伸出,空泡多见;淋巴细胞的胞质少,仅在细胞核边缘处形成薄薄的一层,细胞器少;血栓细胞异染色质丰富,沿核膜呈带状分布,胞质中有较多大小不等的空泡和少量的线粒体;浆细胞中粗面内质网成层分布包绕在核周围。此外可见到嗜曙红细胞吞噬红细胞、血栓细胞成群聚集分布的现象。     

Culture of mantle epithelial cells expressing shell matrix proteins from scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

ABSTRACT:   In molluscs, mantle epithelial cells secrete organic matrix proteins to form shells. In this study, we established a culture of mantle epithelial cells by using the mantle pallial layer of scallops. We aimed to identify the mantle epithelial cells expressing scallop shell matrix proteins and establish a culture system of epithelial cells. After the mantle pallial layer was carefully isolated from the mantle tissue, explant culture was performed at 4°C. Most cells that migrated from the explant tissue were round cells. Most of the adhered cells retained round morphology, while some of the cells adhered to the dish and showed morphology similar to that of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells. When the cultured cells were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody against the shell matrix protein, the antibody recognized many of the adhered cells. An estimation of the number of epithelial cells revealed that approximately 70% of the adhered cells were epithelial cells. This is the first report to describe epithelial cells in cultured mantle cells, which express shell matrix proteins. This culture system may be a useful method for characterization of the mantle epithelial cells.