香菜挥发油GC/MS测定

对香菜茎叶及根经水蒸汽蒸馏--萃取得到的挥发油进行气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析.其中香菜茎叶中主要成分有:壬烷、癸烷、癸醛、十一醛、环癸烷、十二醛、2-十一烯醛、2-癸烯-1-醇、十三醛、十四醛等,香菜根挥发油中主要成分有:壬烷、辛醛、癸醛、环癸烷、十-醛、十二醛、十四醛等.     

A Rapid Test Procedure for Estimating the Amylose Content of Pea Starch *)

Rapid estimation of the amylose content of pea starch is of particular importance in breeding for pea starches high in amylose. An amylose test for starch in fresh potato tubers was adapted for use with high-amylose pea flour. Wavelengths for photometric detection were slightly changed, and the iodine concentration could be reduced. Defatting of the flour was not necessary. Reproducibility of the analyses was good (s% <3; n = 95). Variability of amylose content was investigated for different potato, barley and pea varieties. An analysis of the F4-generation of a crossing experiment with peas underlined the specific suitability of this rapid test method for supporting breeders' activities.     

Variation in the storage proteins of peas in relation to sulphur amino-acid content

Summary A cellulose acetate electrophoretic technique has been used to characterise the storage proteins present in pea seeds in order to try and determine the proportions of proteins present which are enriched in sulphur amino-acids. Some of the eight varieties examined were shown to differ in their proportions of the various storage proteins. When the proteins were separated and estimated quantitatively and also characterised by their sub-unit composition, it was shown that cellulose acetate electrophoresis of crude protein extracts or of whole globulins did not give the degree of resolution required. The procedures which have to be undertaken in order to obtain this information are considered, and the difficulties of incorporating them into a plant breeding programme discussed.     

Somatic embryogenesis in pea (Pisum sativum L. and Pisum arvense L.): Diallel analysis and genetic control

Summary Six lines of Pisum were tested in vitro for their ability to produce somatic embryos from apices. Significant quantitative variation was observed. Inheritance of the ability to form somatic embryos was studied using a diallel cross among six different lines. About 80% of the observed genotypic variation was due to additive effects. There is a tendency for the favourable genes to be recessive. It appears that there are two genetic systems involved. Analysis of the distribution of F₃ families means from a cross among two extreme lines seems to indicate the presence of a few major genes in the control of somatic embryogenesis of pea.     

Extent and Pattern of Genetic Diversity for Morpho-agronomic Traits in Ethiopian Highland Pulse Landraces: I. Field Pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis> L.)

An experiment was conducted in 2001 at Holetta and Kulumsa, Ethiopia, to study the extent and pattern of genetic diversity in Ethiopian field pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces. One hundred forty-eight germplasm accessions were grown in an alpha lattice design with 2 replications. Data on 12 traits were collected and analyzed. Differences among the accessions were significant for most of the traits (except number of seeds/ pod) at each location even though differences pooled over location were mostly non-significant. The accessions were grouped into five clusters of different sizes. Accessions from the southern part of the country (Arsi) distributed overall clusters while those from the northern half (North and South Wello, North Gonder and North Shewa) fell into clusters C₁ to C₃. Cumulative effects of a number of characters dictated differentiation of the accessions into clusters. There was no definite relationship between geographic diversity and genetic diversity as overlapping was encountered in clustering pattern among accessions from different parts of the country. Accessions from different regions might have similar genetic background and those from the same origin might also have different genetic background. Therefore, geographic diversity should not necessarily be used as an index of genetic diversity and parental selection should be based on a systematic study of genetic diversity in a specific population. Genetic distances among most of the clusters were significant that crosses between parents selected out of them are expected to generate desirable genetic recombination. Selection should also consider the special advantages of each cluster and each accession within a cluster. Future germplasm collection, conservation and breeding efforts should focus not only on inter-regional diversity but also on intra-regional diversity.     

Biomass production and related characters in the core collection of Pisum germplasm

Retention of residue on the soil surface following harvest is an effective method of reducing soil erosion from both wind and water. The pea crop produces small amounts of residue to effectively reduce soil erosion. Severe erosion occurs in pea production areas such as the Palouse Region of the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) when low residue crops such as spring pea or lentil are followed by fall-sown wheat. The current study was conducted to determine the range of total aboveground biomass (TAB), seed yield, and straw (residue) production from the plant identification (PI) accessions that comprise the core collection of Pisum germplasm. In addition, the potential for increasing seed yield and straw production simultaneously was evaluated. Three hundred and ninety PI accessions were screened in the field in 1996 and 1997. The variation for TAB, seed yield and straw production among the PI accessions exceeded that of the controls both years. Seed yield was positively correlated with straw production (r = 0.81, p< 0.01) indicating that seed and straw production can be increased simultaneously through positive selection for both traits. Significant favorable variation is present among accessions in the USDA core collection of Pisum germplasm which could be used to increase both seed yield and total biomass production of adapted breeding lines.     

Use of poultry manure and plant cultivation for the reclamation of burnt soils

Annual (Pisum sativum L. and Vicia sativa L.) and perennial (Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L.) leguminous species were grown in pots containing samples from the ash layers of two Cambisols under Pinus sylvestris L., which has been affected by high-intensity wildfires 3 and 15 days before the sampling. The gramineous Lolium perenne L. was cultivated as a second plant after Trifolium and Lotus harvesting. Three treatments were compared: soils without fertilization and soils fertilized with two doses of poultry manure (1 and 2 g total N kg^-1 dry soil). The aim of the work was to study the capacity of the ash layer to sustain vegetation and the influence of plants and organic manure on the recovery of vegetation cover, ash layer fixation and soil structure formation to avoid erosion. The ash samples were able to sustain vegetation without fertilization. The organic manure increased the yields of all the plants tested, the lower dose being the optimal for the first crop whereas the higher dose was beneficial for the second crop. The annual legumes grew very quickly. The mixture of Trifolium and Lotus seemed very suitable for reclamation of soil degraded by wildfires because Trifolium produced more phytomass than Lotus in the first growing stages whereas the development of Lotus was higher in the later growing stages. Ash layer conditions did not inhibit nodulation, which was, however, stimulated by the organic manure, particularly in the case of Lotus. Lolium after perennial legumes was the best plant combination because it produced the highest phytomass, particularly root phytomass, and thus improved vegetation cover and ash layer fixation. All the plants tested improved the formation of soil aggregates, particularly the combination of perennial legumes and Lolium. However, wet aggregate stability was higher when plants were grown on soils fertilized with poultry manure than when plants were cropped on unmanured soils, which points to the favourable influence of the organic manure on soil aggregation.     

温度和光周期对大蒜植株假茎长和株高的影响

以汉中大蒜为试材,5-6叶期进行温度(15℃、20℃、25℃)和光周期(14h和10h)处理,研究了温光互作对大蒜植株初级生长的影响.结果表明:生长温度与幼苗期光周期处理有极显著的交互作用.     

机械伤害和茉莉酸对豌豆幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响

 切割后离体芽苗极易受病菌侵染而发生腐烂变质，严重影响着当前芽菜采后运输和销售。为此,本试验以豌豆芽苗为试材,研究了机械伤害和外施不同浓度（±）茉莉酸（JA）处理对豌豆幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明，伤害和1～100 μmol·L-1 JA处理可以显著提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性，同时使活性氧代谢加强，O2-·产生速率和H2O2含量迅速增加，相应的抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、APX、POD）活性提高。适宜浓度JA（1～10 μmol·L-1）处理可有效诱导防御反应产生，同时，通过提高抗氧化酶活性使膜脂过氧化程度减轻；高浓度JA（100 μmol·L-1）处理造成植物活性氧代谢失调，膜脂过氧化加剧。综合分析认为，10 μmol·L-1JA是诱导豌豆幼苗防御反应产生的适宜处理浓度。     

热胁迫对豌豆生理的影响

[目的]揭示高温影响豌豆生长发育的生理学基础。[方法]通过测定热胁迫下豌豆幼苗的电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、抗坏血酸(AsA)变化及下胚轴长度,探讨热胁迫对豌豆一些生理指标的影响。[结果]温度越高,豌豆细胞膜的完整性损伤越大,外渗的胞内电解质越多。高温使更多的膜脂过氧化,导致MDA含量升高。高温胁迫明显造成叶片中抗氧化剂AsA的损失,降低了豌豆抵抗高温引发的氧化损伤的能力。在高温胁迫下,幼苗下胚轴的生长受抑制,热激温度越高下胚轴越短。[结论]热胁迫使豌豆细胞膜完整性受损,膜脂更多地被过氧化,AsA含量下降,下胚轴生长受到抑制。