PrGV多角体膜蛋白（PEP）的分析

【目的】对菜粉蝶颗粒体病毒(Pieris rapae Granulovirus,PrGV)多角体膜蛋白(polyhedron envelope protein,PEP)进行研究,为揭示PEP的功能及其在病毒生命过程中的作用提供参考。【方法】以PrGV PEP为对象,通过序列分析、原核表达、抗体制备、Western blotting、胶体金免疫定位、实时荧光定量PCR等方法初步确认该基因定位和表达时相。【结果】PrGV PEP与其他鳞翅目昆虫颗粒体病毒的PEP同源性达到50%左右,但未在核型多角体病毒(Nucleo polyhedro virus,NPV)中发现同源序列。定量PCR分析表明,菜青虫感染PrGV后24h可检测到PEP的存在,随后该基因的表达水平逐渐升高,并在72h达到峰值。通过Western blotting可以在感染PrGV的菜青虫体内检测到大小分别为23ku和15ku的清晰条带,说明制备的多克隆抗体具有较好的特异性。免疫金标记将PEP定位于椭圆型的颗粒体,证明PEP是GV包涵体的重要组成部分。【结论】PrGV PEP在颗粒体病毒中较为保守,可能是PrGV晚期表达的重要基因,参与病毒侵染后期颗粒体结构的形成。     

坡柳皂苷对大菜粉蝶生长发育的抑制活性

采用浸渍叶碟饲喂法测定了坡柳皂苷对大菜粉蝶的生物活性。结果表明:用500、1 625、2 750、3 875和5 000μg/mL的坡柳皂苷处理24 h后,对大菜粉蝶4龄幼虫生长发育的抑制率分别为14.47%、31.54%、49.70%、62.48%和79.94%,处理48 h后的抑制率分别为2.72%、39.26%、54.82%、70.53%和86.39%;坡柳皂苷对大菜粉蝶4龄幼虫具有显著的拒食活性,供试5种浓度下处理24 h后,拒食率分别为30.21%、40.62%、54.33%、72.47%和84.84%,48 h后的拒食率为4.4%~86.67%;5 000μg/mL处理14 d后,幼虫化蛹率为32%,显著低于对照组(72%);供试5种浓度坡柳皂苷处理23 d后,蛹的羽化率分别为56%、44%、44%、36%和32%,均低于对照组(64%)。研究表明,坡柳皂苷对大菜粉蝶生长发育、取食及化蛹均有明显的抑制作用。     

茴香茎叶提取物对菜粉蝶生物活性的影响研究

为了探索番茄茎叶提取物对菜粉蝶生物活性的影响。采用水蒸气蒸馏法从茴香(Foeniculum vulgare)茎叶中提取获得其挥发性物质,测定了茴香提取物在室内对菜青虫的拒食作用及对菜粉蝶的产卵忌避作用。结果表明：茴香粗提取物对菜青虫3龄幼虫具有较强的拒食活性,且非选择性的拒食作用均大于选择性的拒食作用;茴香提取物对菜粉蝶的产卵具有较强的忌避作用。     

Toxic effects of neem-based insecticides on Pieris brassicae (Linn.)

Four neem-based insecticides, Neemix^® (0.25% EC @ 20 mg azadirachtin/liter), Ecozin^® (3% EC @ 20 mg azadirachtin/liter), Agroneem^® (0.15% EC @ 4.8 mg azadirachtin/liter) and Neem oil (0.25% EC azadirachtin @ 20 mg azadirachtin/liter) and a non-commercial neem leaf powder, were evaluated for oviposition deterrence, antifeedant effect to larvae and toxicity to eggs and larvae of Pieris brassicae (Linn.) on cabbage leaves in the laboratory. The concentrations tested were with in the ranges of recommended field rates. Oviposition deterrence in no-choice, two-choice and six-choice assays, was observed for all the treatments. They exhibited significant (P < 0.01) oviposition deterrence on P. brassicae when compared with a non-treated control. Cabbage leaves treated with the neem-based insecticides were used as an egg-laying substrate. Numbers of eggs oviposited by P. brassicae adults on treated cabbage leaves were significantly lower then those treated with water, but no significant differences were detected among the neem insecticides. They also deterred feeding by Pieris larvae and exhibited significant antifeedant effects. Larvae of P. brassicae on treated leaves stopped feeding and dropped from the leaf, resulting in no or minimal damage. Direct contact with neem-based insecticides decreased the survival of eggs. Survival of larvae fed for 9 days on leaves treated with neem-based insecticides was reduced to 51%, 49%, 48%, 24% and 18% in the Neem oil, Neemix, Agroneem, Ecozin and neem leaf powder treatments, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded from the present investigations that neem-based insecticides had oviposition deterrence, antifeedant and toxic effect to P. brassicae.     

Effects of different brassicaceous host plants on the fitness of Pieris brassicae (L.)

Pieris brassicae (L.) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. It is present wherever its host plants occur and it is considered to be one of the most widely distributed of all the Lepidoptera. We investigated the affect of various host plants on the fitness of P. brassicae to survive, develop and reproduce. We quantified development time, survival and mortality on cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica), and mustard (Brassica campestris) under laboratory conditions. The developmental time from eggs to adult eclosion was the shortest (30.3 days) on cabbage and the longest (38.0 days) on radish. However, adult longevity was significantly (P < 0.001) greatest on cabbage compared with the other host plants tested. Similarly, the developmental rate of P. brassicae was found to be faster on cabbage than other cole crops. Moreover, the lowest immature mortality was evident on cabbage and highest on mustard and radish. Differences in reproductive parameters of the P. brassicae among host plants were analyzed using pseudo-values, which were produced by jackknife re-sampling. The data showed that the higher intrinsic rate of natural increase (0.116 females/female/day) was found on cabbage. Cabbage was recognized as the most suitable host for P. brassicae because of shorter developmental period, higher percentage survival, lower doubling time (6.00), and higher number of adult emergence (29.7%).     

沼液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治效果

通过室内选择性测定和田间试验,评价了沼液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治效果。结果表明,沼液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊表现出一定的驱避活性,对幼虫的驱避率、拒食率分别达55.30%、53.81%,雌雄成虫选择反应率分别为33.2%、30.5%,对雌虫产卵驱避率为36.82%。田间试验结果表明,以沼液∶水(1∶1)处理幼虫、成虫,随着时间的延长防效逐渐提高,处理后45d防效达到最大,分别为43.16%、56.50%。     

Attraction of Chrysoperla carnea complex and Chrysopa spp. lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to aphid sex pheromone components and a synthetic blend of floral compounds in Hungary

BACKGROUND: The deployment of synthetic attractants for the manipulation of lacewing populations as aphid predators is currently used in integrated pest management. This study investigates a synthetic bait comprising floral compounds previously found to attract the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and, for the first time, the aphid sex pheromone components (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactol and (4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactone, in field experiments in Hungary, for their ability to manipulate lacewing populations. RESULTS: The synthetic floral bait attracted both sexes of the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and Chrysopa formosa Brauer showed minimal attraction. The aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted males of C. formosa and C. pallens (Rambur). When the two baits were combined, Chrysopa catches were similar to those with aphid sex pheromone baits alone, but carnea complex catches decreased significantly (by 85–88%). CONCLUSION: As the floral bait alone attracted both sexes of the carnea complex, it showed potential to manipulate the location of larval density via altering the site of oviposition. Aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted predatory males of Chrysopa spp. and can potentially be used to enhance biological control of aphids. For the carnea complex, however, a combination of both baits is not advantageous because of the decrease in adults attracted. Assumptions of intraguild avoidance underlying this phenomenon are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

第二代菜青虫为害甘蓝损失模型及防治指标的研究

1984——1985年在淮南市,通过田间塑料纱网大棚接虫,进行了第二代菜青虫为害甘蓝的损失测定,利用1984年试验数据建立了虫口密度x与甘蓝损失率y之间的Weibull损失模型(回归式)为y=1-exp{-((x-0)/47.4042)~(0.9569)},结果1985年田间试验实测值与理论值之间误差很小。本文还根据经济阀值原理,利用Weibull损失模型,二代菜青虫幼虫期生命表及幼虫各龄食叶量等导出幼虫三龄末防治指标X_(ET(3))=4.2864(头/株),即429头/百株;幼虫四龄末防治指标X_(ET(4))=2.1043(头/株),即210头/百株。     

紫菀对菜粉蝶生长发育的影响

采用浸叶法,就紫菀(Aster tataricus L.f)甲醇提取物对菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae L.)幼虫生长发育的影响进行了测定.结果表明,紫菀甲醇提取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的生长发育有明显的影响,处理后幼虫的体重减轻,化蛹后的蛹重减轻,化蛹日期推迟,化蛹率降低.     

Induction and mechanism of cucumber resistance to anthracnose induced by Pieris rapae extract

Pieris rapae extract was sprayed on the surface of cucumber leaf to determine the induction of resistance to anthracnose. The enzyme activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were detected on cucumber leaves after P. rapae extract induction and pathogen challenge. The results showed that the disease index of cucumber anthracnose was significantly decreased after the cucumber was induced with the P. rapae extract at a concentration of 5.0 mg·mL⁻¹. The POD and PPO activities in foliar-applied P. rapae extract without pathogen inoculation (PETO) or with pathogen inoculation (PETI) were relatively higher than those with no-P. rapae extract treatment and without pathogen inoculation (CONO) or with pathogen inoculation (CONI), respectively. The results suggested that the increased levels of POD and PPO activities in PETO and PETI play an important role in the induction of resistance to cucumber anthracnose.