Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in arid Northwest China

Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in an arid region of Northwest China. Nine treatments included three salinity levels s1, s2 and s3 (0.65, 3.2, and 6.1 dS/m) in combination with three water levels w1, w2 and w3 (375, 300, and 225 mm). In 2008, for most treatments, deficit irrigation showed adverse effects on wheat growth; meanwhile, the effect of saline irrigation was not apparent. In 2009, growth parameters of w1 treatments were not always optimal under saline irrigation. At 3.2 and 6.1 dS/m in 2008, the highest yield was obtained by w1 treatments, however, in 2009, the weight of 1,000 grains and wheat yield both followed the order w2 > w1 > w3. In this study, spring wheat was sensitive to water deficit, especially at the booting to grain-filling stages, but was not significantly affected by saline irrigation and the combination of the two factors. The results demonstrated that 300-mm irrigation water with a salinity of less than 3.2 dS/m is suitable for wheat fields in the study area.     

益母草对绿壳蛋鸡血液生化指标及激素的影响

将280只50周龄健康、生产性能相近的黑羽绿壳蛋鸡随机均分为4组,每组设5个重复,每个重复14只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%益母草粉,观察其对黑羽绿壳蛋鸡血清生化指标、血液激素及卵巢的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,在绿壳蛋鸡日粮中添加1.0%和1.5%益母草粉可显著降低血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量,提高高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、雌二醇(E₂)和促卵泡激素(FSH)含量,增加卵巢相对重量。益母草可以影响脂肪代谢,具有降低血脂的作用,考虑到生产成本问题,最适添加量为1.0%。     

Measuring cotton water status using water-related vegetation indices at leaf and canopy levels

Drought is one of the major environmental threats in the world. In recent years, the damage from droughts to the environment and economies of some countries has been extensive, and drought monitoring has caused widespread concerns. Remote sensing has a proven ability to provide spatial and temporal measurements of surface properties, and it offers an opportunity for the quantitative assessment of drought indicators such as the vegetation water content at different levels. In this study, sites of cotton field in Shihezi, Xinjiang, Northwest China were sampled. Four classical water content parameters, namely the leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT leaf ), the fuel moisture content (FMC), the canopy equivalent water thickness (EWT canopy ) and vegetation water content (VWC) were evaluated against seven widely-used water-related vegetation indices, namely the NDII (normalized difference infrared index), NDWI 2130 (normalized difference water index), NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), MSI (moisture stress index), SRWI (simple ratio water index), NDWI 1240 (normalized difference water index) and WI (water index), respectively. The results proved that the relationships between the water-related vegetation indices and EWT leaf were much better than that with FMC, and the relationships between vegetation indices and EWT canopy were better than that with VWC. Furthermore, comparing the significance of all seven water-related vegetation in- dices, WI and NDII proved to be the best candidates for EWT detecting at leaf and canopy levels, with R 2 of 0.262 and 0.306 for EWT leaf-WI and EWT canopy -NDII linear models, respectively. Besides, the prediction power of linear regression technique (LR) and artificial neural network (ANN) were compared using calibration and validation dataset, respectively. The results indicated that the performance of ANN as a predictive tool for water status measuring was as good as LR. The study should further our understanding of the relationships between water-related vegetation indices and water parameters.     

基于CRUISE中型纯电动客车动力匹配仿真

动力性、经济性是评价车辆性能的重要指标,也是产品设计过程中需要重点考虑的内容。本文根据某一款纯电动客车的基本技术参数和设计要求,先对该车型进行电机和电池的参数匹配,再利用CRUISE软件对该车动力性与经济性进行仿真分析。     

紫薯桃酥的研制开发

为开发形态、色泽、气味、口感俱佳的保健型紫薯桃酥,采用单因素试验和正交试验方法,探讨紫薯桃酥最佳工艺配方。试验结果表明:紫薯桃酥的最佳配方为白砂糖40%、豆油40%、紫薯20%、小苏打和泡打粉比例1.0∶2.0。     

增塑剂DEHP对土壤脲酶活性的影响

为科学合理地评价增塑剂DEHP的环境污染效应,通过室内模拟试验,研究不同浓度DEHP对土壤中脲酶活性的影响。试验结果表明,DEHP对脲酶活性的影响主要以抑制作用为主,抑制率随其浓度的增加而增大。米氏动力学方程拟合结果显示,脲酶活性对DEHP的污染不敏感,不能作为DEHP污染土壤的生态毒理学指标。     

左旋肉碱的生理功能及在功能性食品中的应用

左旋肉碱是一种人体内的天然物质,能够加速脂肪酸的代谢,具有减肥等多种生理功能。该文主要介绍了左旋肉碱的化学结构和生理功能,并对其在保健食品中的应用进行了阐述。      

Analysis of wheat grain development using NIR spectroscopy

The scope of the present investigation was to detect maturation processes in wheat seed non-destructively with special respect to changes in moisture, carbohydrate and protein content and natural hydration/dehydration processes. During seed development, many biochemical, enzymatic and morphological changes occur under highly hydrated conditions.     

低温胁迫对玉米幼苗电导率和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以3个玉米品种为试验材料,通过盆栽试验,研究低温胁迫下电导率和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明,3个品种的抗低温性为金玉5>兴垦3>吉单198,随着低温处理时间的延长,3个品种叶片电导率和初始荧光(F0)上升,Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、NPQ整体上均呈下降趋势。说明低温胁迫使叶绿素所吸收的光能被用于光合作用的部分减少,玉米叶光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)活性中心受损。     

干旱胁迫下外源脱落酸对大豆花期生理特性的影响

以大豆品种绥农14为材料,采用盆栽试验研究了大豆花期干旱胁迫条件下喷施不同浓度外源脱落酸(ABA)对大豆生理特性的影响,并对不同浓度脱落酸的作用效果进行比较。结果表明:与正常供水相比,干旱条件下的大豆叶片过氧化物酶活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量均增加,超氧化物歧化酶活性和叶绿素含量降低,喷施一定浓度外源ABA明显缓解了干旱胁迫下大豆各项生理指标的变化幅度。喷施ABA后1～13 d,4.0 mg.L-1的ABA明显提高了过氧化物酶的活性、1.0 mg.L-1ABA能明显促进超氧化物歧化酶活性升高和可溶性糖含量增加,并能缓解叶绿素含量的降低;3.0 mg.L-1的ABA明显使脯氨酸含量增加;2.0 mg.L-1的ABA对缓解丙二醛积累作用明显。综合分析表明,干旱胁迫下,叶面喷施一定浓度的脱落酸维持了大豆花期叶片的正常生理代谢功能,有效的提高了叶片抗氧化能力和控制了叶片的衰老进程。