新疆野生油菜、野芥和黑芥的遗传分化及系统演化研究

利用HPLC法对284份种子硫代葡萄糖甙组成分析表明，新疆野生油菜依据中特征硫代葡萄糖甙组成可划分为9类，91．2％的新疆野生油菜种子主要含羟基苄硫甙，8．8％的新疆野生油菜种子主要含丙烯基硫甙，与黑芥和芥菜型油菜特征硫代葡萄糖甙组成一致。RAPD分析将新疆野生油菜、野芥和黑芥划分为3簇，表明新疆野生油菜、野芥和黑芥之间存在明显的遗传距离，相对而言，新疆野生油菜与野芥间的遗传距离较近，与黑芥的遗传距离较远。新疆野生油菜可依据RAPD聚类分析结果划分为4簇，其中第1、2和4簇主要由来源于新疆塔城地区的新疆野生油菜组成，种子主要含丙烯基硫甙，第3簇为新疆巩留及其周边地区的新疆野生油菜,种子主要含羟基苄硫甙。研究为阐明我国芥菜型油菜起源进化途径提供了新的证据。     

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因探讨蜘蛛几个重要类群的系统发生关系

[目的]基于16S rRNA基因序列探讨蜘蛛几个重要类群系统发生关系。[方法]采用贝叶斯法、最大简约法、最大似然法对蜘蛛目（Araneae）6科2亚科蜘蛛的16S rRNA基因序列进行系统发育分析。[结果]隙蛛亚科Coelotinae是漏斗蛛科Agelenidae的一个亚科,隙蛛亚科＋漏斗蛛亚科是暗蛛亚科的姐妹群;红螯蛛属Cheiracanthium与管巢蛛属Clubiona之间的关系远于管巢蛛属与近管蛛科Anyphaenidae之间的关系。[结论]16S rRNA基因系统发生结果证实了隙蛛亚科和红螯蛛属的分类地位。     

甘肃党参中花生茎线虫的鉴定与记述

【目的】明确甘肃省渭源县党参Codonopsis pilosula病样中的茎线虫种类。【方法】采用形态学特征、ITS-rDNA与28S-rDNA序列系统发育分析、特异性引物PCR扩增、PCR-ITS-RFLP相结合的方法进行种类鉴定。【结果】甘肃省党参茎线虫群体形态特征与花生茎线虫Ditylenchus arachis相似,形态测量均值虽存在差异,但是范围值基本一致;系统发育分析显示,该线虫与花生茎线虫聚为一支,特异性引物PCR扩增片段、PCR-ITS-RFLP图谱均与花生茎线虫相同。【结论】结合形态特征与分子特征分析,将甘肃党参茎线虫群体鉴定为花生茎线虫,表明该线虫已在甘肃发生分布。     

马铃薯CBL9基因的基因组解析

利用比较基因组学的方法从马铃薯基因组中鉴定出一个与AtCBL9直系同源的基因StCBL9,并对该基因的结构、遗传进化、顺式元件进行了分析,为下一步研究该基因的功能和利用其进行马铃薯抗逆分子育种提供了有益借鉴。     

基于线粒体控制区全序列的鹿亚科系统发育分析

测定13种鹿亚科动物线粒体DNA控制区全序列,并结合从GenBank获得的12种鹿亚科动物同源序列进行分析,进一步研究鹿亚科物种的分类和系统进化。结果显示,25种鹿亚科动物线粒体控制区序列全长为914～1 072bp,个体间序列差异为0.1%～12.2%,4个属间差异为8.0%～12.2%。构建的系统发育树结果表明,马鹿分为2个不同类群,麋鹿属的麋鹿、斑鹿属的豚鹿以及黇鹿属的黇鹿与鹿属的分化处于属间差异,支持将其并入鹿属的观点,坡鹿为鹿属中最原始的种。     

缓步动物条形码及7种缓步动物系统发育研究

缓步动物属于微小水生无脊椎动物,以隐生现象著称。该实验对4种缓步动物11个个体的COⅠ基因序列进行提取测定和分析,并与GenBank中下载的6种缓步动物19条COⅠ基因序列进行比对分析,用贝叶斯法（BI）构建系统发育树,研究了共计7种缓步动物30个个体之间的系统发育关系。研究发现,缓步动物在DNA分子层面的分类与形态学分类结果基本一致,表明COⅠ基因可用于研究缓步动物系统分类及系统发育方面的问题。     

小麦KUP/HAK/KT基因家族的全基因组鉴定、系统进化和表达模式分析

为深入发掘小麦KUP/HAK/KT基因的功能,利用小麦最新基因组数据,通过生物信息学手段,对小麦KUP/HAK/KT基因家族进行基因组水平的鉴定,并对其系统进化及表达模式进行分析.鉴定结果表明,本研究在小麦中鉴定到98个KUP/HAK/KT基因,根据系统进化分析结果,可将其分为Cluster Ⅰ、ClusterⅡ、Cl...     

Genetic diversity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">rbc</Emphasis>L gene in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Elymus trachycaulus</Emphasis> complex and their phylogenetic relationships to several Triticeae species

Elymus trachycaulus complex species are known for their morphological variability, but little is known about their genetic basis. The phylogenetic relationships among the E. trachycaulus complex, and their systematic relation to other species in Triticeae remain unknown. Nucleotide diversity of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate-carboxylase (rbcL) gene in E. trachycaulus complex species and several other Triticeae was first characterized and compared. A primary conclusion of the present study is that nucleotide diversity for rbcL gene in E. trachycaulus species was detected with the estimates of nucleotide diversity θ = 0.00039 and π = 0.00043. The estimate of nucleotide diversity in rbcL gene for species with different genome constitution here ranged from 0.00099 (π) and 0.00099 (θ) for the species with Ns genome to 0.00226 (π) and 0.00291 (θ) for the species with St genome. The phylogenetic relationships of these species were assessed using these rbcL sequences. A total of 47 variable positions including 19 parsimony-informative sites were detected among 24 accessions of 18 species/subspecies. The species with St, H/I and Ns genomes well separated from each other, and formed a three distinct clades with higher bootstrap values support for both Parsimony and NJ analyses. The St genome containing species is sister group of H/I genome containing species. Our result confirms that Pseudoroegneria is the maternal genome donor to these Elymus species studied here, regardless of their distribution. Elymus trachycaulus complex are more related to each other than to E. glaucescens, E. patagonicus, and E. solandri. This study suggested that Elymus species with StH genomes may form from multiple closely related sets of donors.     

Genetic diversity among rattan genotypes from India based on RAPD-marker analysis

Southeast Asia hosts a great diversity of different rattan genotypes. There are 5 genera and 60 different species of rattan in India and the Northeastern region is a natural sanctuary for 4 different genera and 16 different species. The natural reserves of this species have come under the threat of genetic erosion due to overexploitation. This investigation was directed at characterizing 15 rattan genotypes of the genera Calamus, Plectocomia and Daemonorops which yield rattans of commercial importance, based on RAPD fingerprints. From 20 different random decamer primers, 12 primers gave reproducible amplification profiles and 104 polymorphic bands. A considerable degree of polymorphism (98.1%) was detected among the genotypes. Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity ranged from 0.146 to 0.632 with a mean of 0.320±0.082, signifying extensive genetic divergence among the genotypes studied. UPGMA cluster analysis clearly distinguished P. assamica Griff. and C. erectus Roxb. The other 13 genotypes were grouped into two distinct clusters, one cluster involving two C. tenuis genotypes along with C. inermis T.Anders. and C. acanthospathus Griff. and the other cluster involving the rest of the Calamus genotypes along with D. jenkinsianus (Griff.) Mart. Unique fingerprints for 7 Calamus and 1 Daemonorops genotypes were detected. The results presented in this paper demonstrated the utility of RAPD markers in elucidating patterns of genetic variation among genotypes of the three main rattan genera of Northeast India and in identifying individual genotypes, which may serve as potential sources of unique genetic material for genetic improvement and conservation.     

Ovaries of Petrobius brevistylis (Archaeognatha, Machilidae) and Tricholepidion gertschi (Zygentoma, Lepidotrichidae): Morphology, ultrastructure and phylogenetic implications

The ovaries of Petrobius brevistylis (Archaeognatha) and Tricholepidion gertschi (Zygentoma) are composed of seven metamerically arranged panoistic ovarioles that are covered with the external epithelial sheath (=tunica externa) and the basal lamina (=tunica propria). The germaria are small and enclose oogonial cells and somatic prefollicular cells. The vitellaria contain 10–15 linearly arranged oocytes that are surrounded by a one-layered follicular epithelium. Oocyte nuclei (=germinal vesicles) are large and possess giant, compact (P. brevistylis) or lobate (T. gertschi) nucleoli. In both studied species the majority of yolk is incorporated to the oocyte via endocytosis; however, appearance of numerous Golgi complexes and rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae at the onset of vitellogenesis suggests the involvement of these organelles in synthesis of yolk precursors. The obtained results are discussed in the phylogenetic context and support the idea that Lepidotrichidae are the most basal zygentoman clade.