利用RAPD标记分析狼尾草属牧草品种间的遗传关系

采用RAPD分子标记技术对狼尾草属8个品种(品系)间的遗传关系进行了分析,结果发现,19个引物共扩增出169条带,其中111条带为多态性带,占总带数的65.7%,表明在这8个品种(品系)间具有较高的遗传多样性,存在有一定的遗传分化.从UPGMA聚类分析的结果来看,象草、象草新品系、矮象草、N51、王草和桂牧1号作为一个谱系群的bootstrap值为73%,反映了它们之间较为密切的亲缘关系;同时发现,杂交狼尾草与其他7个草种间存在有较明显的遗传分化,表明Pennisetum americanum遗传成分的多少及有无在这8个品种(品系)间遗传关系的调节中起着重要的作用.另外,相对于其他6个草种,象草新品系与矮象草具有最小的遗传距离(0.130),从而为象草新品系与矮象草之间亲缘关系的确定提供了重要证据.     

Veld of the karoo areas

The Karoo areas are generally arid to semi‐arid with rainfall varying from less than 100 mm in the west to 400 mm in the east. The topography is mainly flat to undulating and the soils generally shallow and stony. There are 16 veld types present. Typcial Karoo veld is characterised by a dominant sparse to dense short shrubby vegetation (karoo bushes), interspersed to a variable degree, by short grass species and taller shrubs. Succulents are dominant in certain parts. These constituents exhibit different phenological rhythms of which the karoo bushes are largely vernal and autumnal and the grass aestival. Fodder and nutrition supply varies according to season and rainfall. A large numer of insect pests afflict Karoo vegetation. Stock diseases and physiological disturbances caused by certain species, are prevalent. Merino and Dorper sheep are the main defoliating agents of Karoo veld.     

巨菌草的重金属富集特性及对土壤的修复效果

在重度Cd污染农田建立巨菌草土壤修复长期观测点,研究巨菌草吸收、积累重金属的特性及对土壤重金属污染的修复效果。在Cd和Hg复合污染的酸性土壤中迚行巨菌草植物修复试验,设置巨菌草和巨菌草加纳米重金属寈集剂2个处理。结果表明:巨菌草根、茎、叶中Cd含量依次降低,Pb、Cr、Hg含量在根中最高,茎中最低,叶、根、茎中As含量依次降低;茎中Cd积累量大于叶,叶中Cr积累量大于茎,Pb、As和Hg为叶积累型,80%以上积累在叶片中;Cd的初级迁移系数分别是Pb、Cr、As的4.2、7.2、2.4倍,Cd由根向茎的迁移能力最强;Pb、As和Hg的次级迁移系数分别为Cd的8.4、8.8、12.7倍,由茎向叶的迁移能力大于Cd;Cr在巨菌草植株中的移动性最差;巨菌草地上部Cd寈集量为82.96g/hm2,Cd的生物寈集量系数达38231kg/hm2,土壤Cd提取效率为1.699%;修复土壤Cd含量较背景值降低2.90%;添加纳米重金属寈集剂的巨菌草的Cd、Pb、Cr、As的转运量系数分别提高5.09%、30.88%、4.48%、49.72%,次级迁移系数分别提高11.39%、45.25%、59.52%、53.58%,可见,纳米重金属寈集剂促迚重金属元素在植物体内的迁移。在Cd单一污染的酸性土壤中迚行巨菌草植物修复试验,设置巨菌草和空白对照2个处理。结果表明:巨菌草修复土壤As、Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr含量比CK的分别下降6.16%、4.75%、4.91%、2.77%、2.42%,其中Pb、Cr、As、Hg的含量与CK之间的差异有统计学意义(P1%);空白对照土壤Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Hg的含量较背景值分别增长3.89%、1.98%、8.10%、0.74%、20.36%,说明大气沉降等环境因素对农田土壤重金属积累具有重要影响。     

遮光及复光处理对紫叶狼尾草叶色及生理变化的影响

为探寻光照对紫叶狼尾草（Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’）的叶色及生理变化的影响,以自然光为对照,用透光率为10%的遮阳网对其进行遮光处理,直至新叶成熟完全变绿后,撤去遮阳网用自然光进行复光处理,而后测量各阶段的叶色参数和相关生理指标的动态变化。结果显示,遮光后紫叶狼尾草新叶为绿色,叶色参数L、b值显著增加,a值显著减少;生理指标叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量显著增加,花色素苷、类黄酮、可溶性糖含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalnine ammonialyase,PAL）、查尔酮异构酶（chalcone isomerase,CHI）活性显著减少,PPO多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）活性无明显变化。复光处理后,叶色逐渐转紫,叶色参数变化与遮光相反;生理指标变化与遮光后减少或增加的指标呈相反趋势,PPO、POD活性变化不明显。     

巨菌草对七彩山鸡生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)对七彩山鸡(Phasianus colchicus)生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响。试验选取1周龄健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组(0%组)和4个饲料处理组,每组3个平行。4个饲料处理组配制时,分别添加4%、8%、12%、16%的巨菌草添加剂于基础饲料中。结果表明,与0%组相比,12%组七彩山鸡的平均体重和平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.05);4%、8%、12%组平均日增重显著大于16%组(P<0.05);8%组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);饲料处理组免疫器官指数中肝脏、脾脏指数均在0%组的基础上有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);8%的巨菌草添加剂可显著增加七彩山鸡肠道的绒毛长度(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),扩大肠道黏膜吸收面积。说明日粮中添加巨菌草可以提高七彩山鸡肠道对营养的吸收能力,一定程度上改善七彩山鸡生长性能和免疫性能。     

巨菌草在动物饲养和生态改善领域的应用研究进展

巨菌草具有适应性广、抗逆性强、根系发达、营养含量丰富、产量高等特点,近年来在动物饲养和生态改善领域得到了广泛应用。本文综述了近年来巨菌草在动物饲养和生态改善领域的最新研究应用进展,对其存在的问题进行讨论,并对其发展前景提出了建议,以期为巨菌草的开发利用提供参考。     

紫景天扦插繁殖技术研究

对紫景天(sedum purpureum)的扦插条件进行了扦插基质、激素种类和浓度、温度条件、插穗类型的对比试验研究,结果表明:扦插基质以珍珠岩 全营养土(4:1)最佳;激素是分别用NAA和IBA 2种激素,不同浓度处理有不同生根效果,IBA 100 mg/L、NAA 20 mg/L效果最好;插穗在温度20℃时生根率最高;无顶芽和有顶芽的插穗生根数目的比率约为1/10,插穗越粗,生根条数越多.     

Grain crop response to contour hedgerow systems on sloping Oxisols

Farming systems that minimize the rate of soil degradation and optimize food crop yields are needed to sustain soil productivity on sloping, acid, infertile soils in the humid tropics. Research was conducted on two Oxisols with slopes ranging from 22 to 30% to evaluate the performance of several contour hedgerow systems, with and without the addition of 60 kg N ha−1 per crop, on rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays L.) production. Contour hedgerows were double rows of the tree legume Gliricidia sepium (G); Gliricidia and the native grass Paspalum conjugatum (GPas); Gliricidia and an exotic fodder grass Penisetum purpureum (GPen); double rows of Penisetum (Pen); and a conventional open field (C) farming system without hedgerows. Gliricidia prunings and all crop residues were applied to the soil surface in the alleys, but Penisetum was harvested. Food crop yields in all hedgerow treatments tended to be less than the Control for the first two years, presumably due to the displacement of land planted to the food crop. In the third and the fourth years, the rice and maize yields of Treatments G and GPas exceeded the Control, most consistently when N was not applied. Penisetum reduced food crop yields regardless of N application presumably due to nutrient removal in the fodder. The results indicate that Gliricidia in a contour hedgerow increases food crop yield on strongly acid Oxisols by recycling nutrients and partially supplementing the N demand by the food crops. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetics of five hairy phenotypes and a linkage group of Pennisetum americanum

Summary In pearl millet hairy lamina, hairy sheath and hairy stem were inherited as monofactorial recessives while hairy leaf margin and hairy node were inherited as monogenic dominant traits. The gene for hairy lamina hl showed independent assortment from the gene for hairy node, Hn, and showed linkage with the genes hst (hairy stem), hs (hairy sheath) and Hm (hairy leaf margin). Furthermore, Hl was observed to have an epistatic effect on the expression of hs. The percentages of recombination between the gene pairs hl-hst, hl-hs and hl-Hm were 0.0, 8.30±0.44 and 19.81±0.98 respectively. Thus the genes hl-hst-hs Hm form one linkage group.     

三种狼尾草的栽培技术探讨

经过边疆年对３种狼尾草（华南象草、王草、巴拿草）的刈割试验,结果表明：３种狼尾草之间的干物质产量无显著差异。但不同的刈割时期和不同的施肥量对狼尾草的产量影响均达到显著的水平。刈害期间隔中越长,产量越高;各个处理组合之间的产量差异也达到显著或极显著,其中以处理组合Ａ１Ｂ３Ｃ３（华南象草,年施猪栏肥３００００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、６０ｄ刈割）的干物质产量和粗蛋白产量最高。