紫穗狼尾草和狗牙根茎叶水文生态效应比较

研究了紫穗狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides地上部的生长状况、水文效应和生态效应。结果表明,紫穗狼尾草的成坪速度、成坪时间、草层高度和地上生物量均明显优于狗牙根Cynodon dactylon;其茎叶最大截留率45.35%,最大截留量5.12 mm,均高于狗牙根;其枯落物有效蓄水率304.88%,有效蓄水量0.19 mm,均低于狗牙根;其茎叶覆盖对降低地表温度和保持土壤水分更为明显、有效。     

Napier grass strips and livestock: a bioeconomic analysis

Napier grass strips are gaining some acceptance in Southeast Asia as a vegetative means of soil erosion control, due to the relative ease of establishment and management. In addition, the napier grass strips aid productivity of agroforestry systems by providing mulch or by being fed to livestock. In this paper, a bioeconomic comparison of different ways of utilising the napier grass cuttings is undertaken. The three uses examined for the cuttings were: as mulch in the alley areas, sold as fodder, and fed to animals with manure applied back to the system. The analysis linked the soils-oriented SCUAF model with economic and animal component models. SCUAF was parameterized using field data based on farmer interviews and field visits. Farmer interviews and field visits were conducted at Claveria, Misamis Oriental to gather additional data regarding costs and returns associated with animal production, and also to obtain the farm gate price of napier. Predicted biophysical results produced by the SCUAF model showed that application of napier grass cuttings, back into the system, directly as mulch or indirectly as animal manure resulted in higher maize and napier yields, lower soil erosion rates, and less of a reduction in soil mineral nitrogen and soil labile carbon levels. The comparison was made with the case where napier was sold off-farm as fodder. Cost-benefit analysis showed that higher economic returns were gained when napier grass cuttings were fed to animals, rather than applied directly as mulch. This economic benefit was attributed to the draught and transport services rendered by the animal and to a change in the value of the animals. This analysis highlights the value of utilizing animals within a napier grass strip system for control of erosion.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

栽种对象草生产性能的作用

对象草 Pennisetum purpureum 采用扦插、平埋2种植入方式和40、80、120 cm 3个行距水平进行组合栽种试验,结果表明,扦插和平埋的繁殖成活率分别为90%和87%,两者间的差异不显著(P<0.05).方差分析显示,行距水平间的草产量存在显著差异(F>F0.01),植入方式、植入方式与行距互作效应均不显著(F0.05).5次刈割的年合计产量表明,平埋 80 cm行距、平埋 40 cm行距的产量显著高于平埋 120 cm行距、扦插 120 cm行距的产量(P<0.05);平埋 80 cm行距与扦插 120 cm行距间的产量差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01).     

Production of polyhaploids of hexaploid wheat using stored pearl millet pollen

The effects of drying and freezing on viability of pearl millet pollen were examined with the aim of using stored pollen in polyhaploid production of hexaploid wheat. Freshly collected pollen of pearl millet line NEC 7006 with 55% water content, germinated at a frequency of 80%. Pollen that was dried for two hours to 6% water content showed 50% germination frequency and maintained similar frequencies after the freezing process. In crosses of hexaploid wheat variety Norin 61 with fresh pearl millet pollen, embryos were obtained at a frequency of 27.6%. In crosses with pollen stored at -196 °C, -80 °C and -20 °C for one month, embryo formation frequencies ranged from 27.5 to 17.4%. After five and twelve months of storage, the frequencies ranged from 29.7 to 14.6% at storage temperatures of -196 °C and -80 °C, and from 8.0 to 3.2% at -20 °C, indicating significant differences among storage temperatures. However, no significant frequency difference was found among pollen water contents at the time of collection. All plants regenerated from crosses with pearl millet pollen stored for five months were wheat polyhaploids. These results suggest that stored pearl millet pollen is an efficient medium for producing polyhaploids in hexaploid wheat. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Production of haploids in bread wheat, durum wheat and hexaploid triticale crossed with pearl millet

Pearl millet is an efficient alternative to maize as a pollen source for haploid production in bread wheat. To compare haploid production frequencies in other Triticeae species, the crossabilities of two genotypes each of bread wheat, durum wheat and hexaploid triticale with four pearl millet genotypes and a maize control were examined. Embryos were obtained from crosses of all three species with both pearl millet and maize. However, significant differences in crossability were found among the three species (10.5–79.8% seed development and 1.4–15.8% embryo formation), as well as among genotypes of durum wheat (7.2–23.7% and 2.1–6.4%) and hexaploid triticale (0.3–20.6% and 0.1–2.7%). Crossability of bread wheat with pearl millet was relatively high. Haploid plants were regenerated from crosses of all three species with pearl millet. As in the case of maize crosses, low crossabilities of durum wheat and hexaploid triticale with pearl millet can be attributed to the absence of D-genome chromosomes.     

巨菌草饲粮对七彩山鸡血液指标和脂肪相关基因的影响

旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草对七彩山鸡血液生理生化指标以及脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)基因和钙激活蛋白酶抑制蛋白(CAST)基因表达影响.在为期3周预试验后,选取1周龄(无外观上缺失,无精神、食欲不振等情况)健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组和4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复14只,5个组分别是在基础饲料中添加0％...     

能源草新品系桂能草1号特征特性及高产栽培技术研究

能源草新品系桂能草1号是广西农业科学院经济作物研究所从国外引进的杂交狼尾草资源中经过多年选育出的能源专用型新品系.该品系和传统的牧草相比,生物产量和纤维素含量高;一年两收,一茬生育期约为150 d,适应性广,生长快,再生性强,抗逆性强;品比试验表明,其年干物质产量平均达到77.93 t/hm2,生物产量生产潜力巨大;经广西分析测试中心分析测定,干物率为36.3％,纤维素含量为57.0％,半纤维素含量为7.44％,热值高高达18.49 MJ/kg,灰分2.84％.桂能草1号新品系在南方大部分地区种植良好,由于既可以转化为乙醇,又可以制成固体燃料代替煤,所以有望成为我国南方优良的能源型纤维类草本作物.主要分析新品系桂能草1号的生物学特征,总结其高产栽培技术,为该品系发展生物质能源提供技术支持.     

农牧结合处理养殖场固体废弃物能力研究与污染风险分析

以猪粪和牛粪为实验材料,采用盆栽试验测试牧草(狼尾草)地处理养殖场废弃物(粪便)能力,并对养殖场(粪便)产生的污染风险进行分析。本试验是在持续两季高量施用养殖场废弃物(粪便)基础上进行的,研究结果表明:随着猪粪、牛粪处理量增加,植株干物质重呈持续增加态势,但高处理量条件下持续增产潜势不大;随着粪便处理量增加土壤氮磷含量、氮磷残留量会明显增加,从而加大了环境污染的潜在风险。     

观赏狼尾草光合特性的研究

用Li-6400便携式光合分析仪测定了观赏狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides L.Spreng)的光合特性。试验结果显示:狼尾草的光合日进程呈“单峰型”,无“午休”现象,最大净光合速率为21.8μmol CO2m-2s-1,出现在13:00。狼尾草的光饱和点为1200μmolm-2s-1,光补偿点为15μmolm-2s-1,表观量子效率为0.05743;CO2饱和点为600μmolmol-1,补偿点在5μmolmol-1左右,羧化效率CE=0.2349。所有数据表明该狼尾草具有典型的C4植物的特性。