Rapid DNA Extraction method for Molecular Marker Analysis of Pennisetum Hybrid

A rapid method for DNA extraction from Pennisetum hybrid was developed.Using the method,leaves of the Pennisetum hybrid was treated by the 0.05 mol NaOH solution and heated in the boiling water for 10 min,followed by the neutralization with TE solution(ph=3.0),and the DNA extraction was used for RAPD-PCR and SSR-PCR analysis.The result indicates.The quality of the DNA by the simplified method is amount to DNA extracted by the CTAB method,and the DNA extracted by this method an meet the requirement of molecular marker analysis based on PCR technology.Combined with the 96-well plate,it can realize the high-throughput DNA extraction.     

东非狼尾草的特征特性及应用

介绍了威提特东非狼尾草Pennisetum clandestinum cv.whittet的特征、特性、繁殖特点、生产性能、栽培技术、在云南省种植的情况、目前在人工草场及草坪建植中的应用.结果表明:东非狼尾草是无冰冻地区建植人工草场的优质核心草种,也是理想的耐践踏和抗逆性强的草坪草种.研究表明,东非狼尾草还可作为绿化荒山、荒坡的首选先锋植物,护堤、护坡的理想草种.在种草养畜、防止水土流失、治理荒山等西部开发战略中,值得大力推广.     

铬（VI）胁迫对狼尾草幼苗生长特性的影响

在人工土培条件下,研究了Cr6＋不同胁迫强度（0,300mg·kg-1,600mg·kg-1,900mg·kg-1,1200mg·kg-1,1500mg·kg-1）和胁迫时间（萌发期,30天和90天）条件下,对狼尾草的种子萌发状况、植株生长指标及部分生理指标变化的影响。结果表明,Cr6＋浓度在≤600mg·kg-1时对狼尾草种子萌发无明显影响,达到900mg·kg-1以上水平时,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数随Cr6＋浓度升高而显著降低;Cr6＋胁迫30天时,随着Cr6＋浓度的提高,狼尾草幼苗根冠比和生物量均表现出逐渐下降的趋势,且下降幅度随浓度的升高而增大,幼苗根系活力、CAT活性随浓度升高而降低,MDA含量、POD活性随浓度升高而显著增加;90天后,Cr6＋浓度1500mg·kg-1处理水平的种苗被毒害致死,其余各形态指标、生理指标及抗氧化酶活性均趋于一致。     

RAPD技术在狼尾草属牧草上的应用

应用RAPD技术对来自福建、江苏、海南等17个狼尾草属(PennisetumRichard)牧草进行分析。筛选出5个能有效体现多态性和重复性的随机引物，并利用NTSYSpc软件，用类平均法(UPMGA)建立了17份狼尾草属牧草的遗传关系聚类图。结果显示：在相似系数0.68处，17份种质分Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个大簇，第Ⅰ簇11个品种，第Ⅱ簇6个品种。其中4对狼尾草品系可能存在同种异名的现象。RAPD分析结果与形态学分类基本一致，能很好地用于狼尾草属牧草种质资源的分析。     

东非狼尾草的引种应用研究

东非狼尾草 (PennisetumclandestinumHochst.exChiov .)又名隐花狼尾草 ,英文名为“Kikuyugrass” ,原产于东非。云南省通过中澳技术合作项目于 1 984年从澳大利亚引入威提特等品种 ;经在不同气候带种植观测 ,品种威提特在云南的广大亚热带和暖温带表现优良 ,通过种子自然繁殖和人工无性繁殖 ,现已在一定区域成为分布较广的单优群落。该草具有高消化率、高蛋白质、低纤维、适口性好、对氮肥反应敏感、耐重牧、耐干旱、竞争力强等优良特性 ,也是优良的水土保持植物和草坪草。通过种子繁殖和无性繁殖的成本比较 ,采用种子繁殖是较好经济的推广措施 ;在云南 ,威提特东非狼尾草的种子成熟较好 ,由于种子成熟被包于叶鞘中 ,收籽比较困难 ,限制了该草的大面积推广利用。因种子进口价格昂贵 ,故应加强“威提特东非狼尾草种子收种技术的研究”。     

杂交狼尾草青贮饲喂肉猪效果研究

本试验旨在研究利用酶制剂青贮杂交狼尾草,对牧草品质和肉猪饲喂效果的影响。选用150头100日龄体重50kg杜长大三元肉猪。实验分5个处理,每个处理3次重复,每个重复10头。对照组(CK)饲喂基础日粮;处理Ⅰ饲喂基础日粮,同时饲喂添加麦麸的杂交狼尾草青贮料;处理Ⅱ饲喂基础日粮,同时饲喂添加麦麸和纤维素酶青贮的杂交狼尾草青贮料;处理Ⅲ饲喂基础日粮,同时饲喂添加麦麸和纤维素菌液青贮的杂交狼尾草青贮料;处理Ⅳ饲喂基础日粮,同时饲喂添加麦麸和乳酸菌青贮的杂交狼尾草青贮料。结果表明,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ与CK相比平均日增重差异不显著(P0.05),但平均日增重绝对值分别比CK提高了2.3%,8.6%,4.4%和2.2%,精料肉比分别降低了9.7%,14.9%,11.4%和9.5%,经济效益分别提高了11.34%,36.03%,21.60%和14.03%。4组饲喂杂交狼尾草青贮料的肉猪与CK相比会适当降低肉猪屠宰率,显著提高肉猪的背膘厚,肉猪的板油重、胃重呈增加的趋势,大肠重量差异不显著,小肠重量和长度则变短变轻,且增加肉质颜色等品质。说明利用纤维素降解菌可以提高牧草青贮品质,提高肉猪饲喂效果和经济效益。     

The production of four ryegrass cultivars oversown at various seeding rates into irrigated kikuyu

An irrigated kikuyu pasture was oversown, in late March, with four ryegrass cultivars at four seeding rates at Cedara (Natal Mistbelt) and n'Tabamhlope (Highland Sourveld). The oversowing procedure shows promise with the cultivars producing well at both sites. There were no significant increases in dry matter yield from seeding rates greater than 30 kg ha^?1 . Oversowing at Cedara provided some winter dry matter production, whereas dry matter production at n'Tabamhlope commenced only in August. Kikuyu regrowth was suppressed, especially in January, but appeared to recover its yield potential by March.     

温度和添加剂对象草青贮发酵品质、α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素的影响

为提高青贮饲料的发酵品质,降低α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素的损失,研究了温度(45,30和15℃)和添加剂(无添加:CK;纤维素酶:E;植物乳杆菌:LP)对象草青贮饲料的影响。试验结果表明,在所有温度水平,象草青贮饲料的发酵品质良好,但30℃时产生了少量丁酸,发酵品质略有下降;添加LP和E降低了pH(P0.05),增加了乳酸含量和乳酸乙酸比(P0.05),提高了发酵品质。象草青贮饲料贮藏在45和15℃时的α-生育酚含量显著高于30℃(P0.05),β-胡萝卜素含量显著低于30℃(P0.05)。LP和E添加组在所有温度水平的α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素含量均较低(P0.05)。E组在45℃的α-生育酚含量显著高于LP组,E组在30和15℃的β-胡萝卜素含量显著高于LP组。     

氮磷钾配施对田周地种植桂牧1号杂交象草产量及效益的影响

通过不同的施肥处理方案研究在田周地种植桂牧1号杂交象草Pennisetum purpureum cv.Guimu 1的氮、磷、钾需要量及其最佳配比模式。结果表明,在田周地种植桂牧1号杂交象草,通过合理的氮、磷、钾配方施肥,能够达到良好的生产效果与效益。实测结果以N2P2K2（氮肥414 kg/hm2,磷肥138 kg/hm2,钾肥276 kg/hm2)试验组的产量最高[（256.81±1.18）t/hm2],与其他低水平试验组差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);与无肥处理相比,增产率达到16.6%。通过对各处理进行效应模型的配置与分析,得出田周地种植桂牧1号杂交象草的预测最高产量为259 t/hm2,对应施肥量为氮肥414621 kg/hm2、磷肥140 kg/hm2、钾肥204 kg/hm2;预测最佳经济产量为256 t/hm2,对应施肥量为氮肥414 kg/hm2、磷肥140 kg/hm2、钾肥172 kg/hm2。     

Nitrogen fixation capacity in the component species of contour hedgerows: how important?

The choice of an appropriate hedgerow species is one of the most critical decisions in exploiting the value of a contour hedgerow system. The implications of hedgerow species with nitrogen (N)-fixation capacity on hedgerow-crop competition and crop productivity have been widely debated. We examined the agronomic significance of N-fixation by comparing the performance of species representing three classes of hedgerow vegetation: A nitrogen-fixing tree legumeGliricidia sepium), a non-nitrogen fixing tree (Senna spectabilis syn.Cassia spectabilis), and a forage grass (Pennisetum purpureum). The 4-year study investigated the hedgerow biomass and nutrient yields, and their relative effects on the performance of two annual crops commonly grown in alley farming systems, with emphasis on hedgerow-crop interference. The work was done on an Ultic Haplorthox (pH 4.8, organic C 1.9%, total N 0.18%).Senna produced 46% more pruning biomass on an annual basis than didGliricidia; N supplied to the alley crops was similar toGliricidia in the first year of observation, but 20–30% higher in the succeeding years. Upland rice and maize grain yields and total dry matter were unaffected by tree species, but the nitrogen-fixing tree exerted less competitive effects on the annual crops growing in adjacent rows. Grass hedgerows reduced maize yields 86% by the second year, indicating an unsustainable drawdown of nutrients and water. We conclude that hedgerow systems composed of a nitrogen-fixing tree did not exert significant advantages compared to a non-fixing tree species, and that factors other than N-fixation were more important determinants for the choice of hedgerow species.