Effects of Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Leizhou Goats

This study was conducted to study the effect of different ratios of concentrate to Pennisetum sinese Roxb in diet on in vitro rumen fermentation in Leizhou goats. In vitro fermentation method was used and diets with different concentrate to Pennisetum sinese Roxb were prepared which the ratio were 0:100 (group Ⅰ),10:90 (group Ⅱ),20:80 (group Ⅲ),30:70 (group Ⅳ) and 40:60 (group Ⅴ),respectively, and the samples were analyzed after fermented for at 4,8,12,24 and 48 h. The results showed that:①With the increase of the concentration to roughage ratios,the crude protein content of TMR diets increased and the fiber material and crude ash contents decreased gradually. With the increase of concentration,the gas production at 4,8,24,48 h were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).②With the increase of fermentation time and the concentration to roughage ratios,the pH of rumen fluid were decreased,and pH of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly lower than groups Ⅰand Ⅱ at the same time (P<0.05).And the dry matter degradation were increased,and that of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ were extremely significantly higher than groups Ⅰand Ⅱ at the same time (P<0.01). The NH₃-N content at 48 h was higher than that at 4 h and there was no siginificant difference among groups at 4 and 24 h (P>0.05).③The correlation between pH and accumulated gas production, dry matter degradation rate were significantly or extremely significantly negative,that between accumulated gas production and dry matter degradation rate were significantly or extremely significantly positive (P<0.05;P<0.01).The correlation between pH and dry matter, crude ash, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly or extremely significantly positive,that with crude protein was significantly or extremely significantly negative (P<0.05;P<0.01).And the correlation between cumulated gas production,dry matter degradation rate and crude protein was significantly or extremely significantly positive,while that with the dry matter,crude ash,crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly or extremely significantly negative (P<0.05;P<0.01). In summary, under the conditions of this test, the appropriate ratio of concentrate to Pennisetum sinese Roxb was 30:70 in which Leizhou goat could get a better fermentation effect and cost savings.     

巨菌草对生态脆弱区治理与修复的研究进展

巨菌草是一种适应性广、抗逆性强和产量高的草本植物。为巨菌草在生态综合治理中应用提供参考,从巨菌草治理重金属污染和水土流失等方面对其治理和修复生态脆弱区的相关研究进行综述,并提出提高其生态治理有效性的研究发展方向。     

2种草本植物根系对长汀县崩岗洪积扇土壤水分状况的影响

植被恢复是防治崩岗侵蚀的重要方法,为研究植物根系对崩岗洪积扇土壤水分状况的影响,以崩岗洪积扇上种植的深根系巨菌草和浅根系宽叶雀稗为研究对象,对其分层取样后,用环刀法测定土壤的密度、孔隙度和最大持水量等物理性质,计算土壤蓄水能力,并用WinRHIZO根系分析系统,测定根长和密度等参数.结果表明:巨菌草和宽叶雀稗的各根系特征指标,均随土层深度的增加而减小,巨菌草各根系指标均大于宽叶雀稗;有植被覆盖下的土壤密度均小于裸地,植被覆盖下土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度均大于裸地,且随土层深度的增加而减小;有植被根系的土壤饱和蓄水量和毛管蓄水量均比裸地高,且与裸地差异显著;在土壤表层,宽叶雀稗增加土壤孔隙性和土壤保水能力大于巨菌草,而在土壤中深层,则巨菌草大于宽叶雀稗;根系改善土壤性质的能力,主要取决于其根长密度和根系总表面积,直径小于0.5mm的根系是影响土壤水分的最主要因子.研究植物根系对改良土壤水分状况的影响,以期为崩岗侵蚀防治中植被种类的筛选和推广提供依据.     

不同狼尾草幼苗对镉胁迫的响应

采用温室盆栽试验,对4份野生狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides)材料进行不同浓度镉(Cd)(0,10,20,50,100,200 mg·kg^-1)胁迫处理,通过对苗期生长指标、抗氧化酶(SOD,POD,CAT)活性、地上部与根的Cd²⁺积累量等指标的测定与分析,对4份材料的耐Cd性与Cd富集能力进行研究.结果表明:随着Cd²⁺浓度的升高,4份材料的存活率呈现逐渐降低的趋势,而株高、分蘖数、地上与地下生物量与对照相比无显著变化,SOD与CAT活性均呈现逐渐升高的趋势,POD活性则呈现无规律的波动性变化,材料P4耐Cd性最强.当Cd²⁺浓度为200 mg·kg^-1时,材料P1对Cd的吸收富集能力最强,在Cd污染土壤的修复上具有较好利用前景.     

‘闽牧6号’狼尾草组织培养再生体系的建立

为建立杂交狼尾草高效再生体系,以‘闽牧6号’狼尾草为材料,研究外植体、培养基、植物激素等对‘闽牧6号’狼尾草愈伤组织诱导、继代、分化的影响。结果表明:选择侧芽作为适宜外植体;诱导培养基采用NB+2,4-D(2mg·L~(-1)),诱导率最高,为89.9%;继代培养基采用NB+2,4-D(2mg·L~(-1))+KT(1mg·L~(-1)),愈伤组织形态最好;分化培养基采用NB+KT(1mg·L~(-1))+6-BA(2mg·L~(-1))+NAA(0.5mg·L~(-1)),分化率最高,为75%;生根培养基采用1/2MS培养基,形成了较为完善的组织培养再生体系。     

几种象草在桂北地区的种植表现

为了筛选出适合种植于桂北地区的象草品种,试验于2012～2014年,在桂北地区的广西百色凌云县对紫色象草(Pennisetum purpureum Schumab cv. Purple)、桂闽引象草(P. purpureum Schum cv. Guimin)、王草(P. purpureum Rich ×P. americana King grass cv. Reyan No.4)进行了种植比较试验。测定了株高、产量、茎叶比、营养成分等。结果表明：紫色象草平均年产鲜草141.4 t/hm2,比王草高2.3 t/hm2,二者均低于桂闽引象草;紫色象草的茎叶比最低,为1.17,比桂闽引象草低17.8%,差异显著(P<0.05),说明紫色象草叶量丰富;营养方面,紫色象草除了粗蛋白略低于王草之外,其他指标均较王草和桂闽引象草优,含干物质26.6%、无氮浸出物39.1%、粗脂肪2.9%.     

狼尾草属牧草研究进展

狼尾草属(Pennisetum Rich.)牧草既是重要的饲料作物,又在土壤改良、水土保持等多方面发挥着积极作用。因此,主要就狼尾草属牧草的植物学特性、品种资源及生态分布状况、遗传多样性、生理生化、品种选育、栽培技术以及应用前景等方面进行综述,并对研究中存在的问题和研究方向进行了总结,以期为狼尾草属植物的相关研究提供参考。     

不同氮含量的狼尾草属牧草沼气发酵产气效果研究

狼尾草属牧草是一种优质高产的牧草,研究和筛选其作为沼气发酵原料对缓解今后能源紧缺具有重要作用。采用不同氮含量的狼尾草属牧草开展制取沼气效果研究。结果表明∶牧草可以代替稻草作为C源进行厌氧发酵制取沼气,5个沼气发酵处理对沼气产气量的影响差异均不显著,总产气量最高的是'闽牧6号'狼尾草组,达110553.3mL,比杂交狼尾草组和红象草组分别提高15.2%和1.1%,总产气量最低的是猪粪组,达93 4600mL,其中CH.含量约为32.4%-44.3%。从绝对值来说,杂交狼尾草组、红象草组和'闽牧6号'狼尾草组比猪粪组分别提高2.7%、17.1%和18.3%,比稻草组分别提高-7.9%、5.1%和6.2%,其中以牧草为原料的3 个处理,在发酵原料量相同情况下,其N含量越高总产气量反而越低。     

三要素平衡施肥对热研4号王草产量的影响初报

采用“3414”完全随机区组设计．开展热研4号王草的三要素平衡施肥田间试验．研究施肥对热研4号王草产量的影响。结果表明：施肥对热研4号王草产量有极显著的增产效应,氮、磷、钾肥增产的主次顺序为P〉K〉N;热研4号王草最高产量的氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为尿素399．08kg／hm^2,钙镁磷肥224．40kg／hm^2,氯化钾60．38kg／hm^2,此时最高产量为385．0t／hm^2,其最佳施肥配比为形（N）：W（P2O5）：W（K2O）：5．07：1.12：1;热研4号王草最佳施肥利润的氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为尿素413．1kg／hm^2,钙镁磷肥207．9kg／hm^2,氯化钾156．1kg／hm^2,其最佳施肥利润达5634元／hm^2,此时产量为384．90t／hm^2,三要素配比为形（N）：W（P2O5）：W（K2O）=6．33：1．25：1。     

除草剂阿特拉津胁迫对皇竹草生长的影响

[目的]研究阿特拉津对皇竹草生长的影响。[方法]通过盆栽试验,研究了5个阿特拉津浓度（20、50、100、200、500mg/kg）下皇竹草（Pennisetum hydridum）株高、生物量、根冠比和叶绿素含量的变化。[结果]结果表明,低浓度的阿特拉津（20、50mg/kg）对皇竹草株高、生物量均无显著影响;中等浓度的阿特拉津（100、200mg/kg）显著降低了皇竹草的生物量,分别降低了34.1%和36.4%,而对株高无显著影响;高浓度的阿特拉津（500mg/kg）对皇竹草生物量和株高均有显著降低的效应,最大降幅分别为40.6%和20.0%;各浓度的阿特拉津对皇竹草根冠比和叶绿素含量影响不显著。[结论]皇竹草对阿特拉津胁迫具有较强的耐受力。