死皮康复组合制剂在橡胶树品种RRIM600上的防效评价

为有效解决橡胶树品种RRIM600死皮高发的问题,进一步验证死皮康复组合制剂的防效,采用死皮康复组合制剂对其死皮进行防治.试验在海胶集团广坝分公司和山荣分公司两地开展.结果 显示,使用死皮康复组合制剂,死皮指数显著降低,降低值为55.89,平均防效达33.85％;恢复全线排胶植株的比例为37.68％.广坝分公司的数据显...     

调教训练对伊犁马1600m速度赛步态特征的影响

【目的】研究调教训练对伊犁马1 600 m速度赛步态特征的影响,为速度赛伊犁马调教训练提供数据支撑。【方法】挑选8匹未经调教训练的3岁伊犁马(公马)为试验对象,采用3个月的速度调教训练,采集不同训练阶段马匹速度赛直道、弯道、冲刺处的步态特征,分析不同训练阶段伊犁马步态特征的差异。【结果】伊犁马训练后期平均速度显著大于训练初期(P<0.05);后位后蹄支撑相在训练初期显著低于训练中期(P<0.05),前位前蹄支撑相在训练初、后期显著低于训练中期(P<0.05),后肢双支撑相在训练初期显著低于训练中、后期(P<0.05);后位后蹄摆动相在训练中期显著低于训练后期(P<0.05),前位后蹄摆动相在训练中期显著低于训练初、后期(P<0.05),后位前蹄摆动相在训练中期显著低于训练初期(P<0.05),前位前蹄摆动相在训练中期显著低于训练初、后期(P<0.05);腾空期在训练中期显著低于训练前、后期(P<0.05);瞬时速度在训练初期显著低于训练后期(P<0.05);前肢步幅在训练初、中期显著小于训练后期(P<0.05),腾空期步...     

肉牛产后早期PG二步法同期发情效果分析

在同一牧场随机选取产后48－80d的哺乳母牛，肌肉注射氯前列烯醇0.6mg／头，发情天计为0d，第7d对黄体合格的牛进行胚胎移植。第11d对黄体不合格的牛及未发情的牛进行第二次肌肉注射氯前列烯醇0.6mg／头，20d以后对黄体合格的发情牛再次进行胚胎移植。结果产后48-60d的牛发情率、可移植率分别比61－70d、71－80d的牛低，（P＜0.025），可移植率差异不显著（P＞0.025）；PG第一次处理发情率、可移植率分别比第二次处理高。有黄体的牛发情率、可移植率分别比无黄体的牛高，差异不显著（P＞0.025）。     

花生HyPGIP基因克隆及抗叶腐病表达分析

本文采用基因克隆和生物信息学方法研究了花生Hy PGIP基因及编码蛋白的基本性质和生物学功能,并通过测定接种叶腐病菌后花生植株内PG酶的活性变化和PGIP蛋白的生成量变化,以及Hy PGIP基因瞬时表达分析,探讨了PGIP蛋白与寄主抗病性关系。结果表明,受叶腐病菌侵染的花生植株中,抗病品种的PG酶活性都明显低于感病品种,而生成的PGIP蛋白量都比感病品种显著多,暗示PGIP蛋白与花生叶腐病抗性有关。经基因克隆和测序获得HyPGIP基因全长序列为1 029 bp,编码342个氨基酸,无内含子,终止密码子为TGA,与已报道的五个花生PGIP序列的同源性都很高;结构预测发现该序列存在8个LRR结构域,存在信号肽,疏水性较强,定位于细胞壁上;RT-PCR显示,经接种叶腐病菌处理后,花生植株中的PGIP基因表达量明显增加。     

Changes in dietary fibre, polygalacturonase, cellulase of navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck ‘Cara Cara’) fruits under different storage conditions

The consumption of dietary fibre plays an important role in the prevention of diseases, such as constipation, haemorrhoids. Recently, chemical and physical properties of citrus fibres have been widely studied. In this paper, the polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase (Cx) gene expression of Cara Cara (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) navel orange fruit stored on tree (ST) was compared with fruit stored in room (SR). The results showed that the mRNA expression levels of PG increased significantly in the fruits of ST, in contrast, the expression levels of Cx increased slightly only in peel of ST. Total pectin (TP) and protopectin of ST fruits pulp were higher than those of SR at every time point. The contents of insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), hemicellulose (HC), cellulose (CEL) and lignin of ST fruits were less than that in SR. However, in fruits from ST, a significant increase of soluble dietary fibre (SDF) and water soluble pectin (WSP) occurred, compared with fruits of SR. Our studies indicated that fruit stored on tree is quite useful for regulating the gene expression and controlling contents of dietary fibre on Cara Cara navel orange.     

细胞壁酶活性与甜橙果实质地的相关性研究

对在中亚热带生态类型的江安罗伯逊脐橙和伏令夏橙果实生长发育全过程中的果胶甲酯酶(PE)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、纤维素酶(Cx)与果胶、半纤维素(hemicellulose,HC)、木质素(lignin)等果实质地成分的相关动态变化的研究结果表明:PE、PG和Cx在果实生长发育过程中一直存在,不同种类甜橙的PE、PG活性都以成熟期为转折点;随着PG和PE两种酶活性的增加,果胶物质分解,果实硬度下降,Cx活性对细胞壁中难溶态半纤维素含量影响最大;随着果实的生长发育进程,果实内木质素的含量呈现急剧下降的趋势。     

A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of a Calcium‐Polygalacturonate Network in the Presence of Aluminum: A Model to Investigate Soil‐Root Interface Processes

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of aluminum (Al³⁺) on a calcium‐polygalacturonate (Ca‐PG) network used as a soil‐root interface model. Calcium‐PG networks were exposed to Al³⁺ solutions at different concentrations (100, 200, 400, and 800 µM) at pH 3.50. In the present study, the scanning electron microscopy technique was used to evaluate morphological variations induced by Al³⁺sorption. Results showed how aluminum (Al) sorption induces conformational changes of the Ca‐PG complex. The Ca‐PG complex shows a regular structure with a honeycomb‐like pattern. Interlacing fibrils form a porous system, which can easily allow sorption and/or passage of nutrients as well as toxic elements. As Al becomes the predominant reticulating ion, the pores decrease in size and lose their regular shape. The scanning electron micrographs have in fact shown that Al sorption damages the Ca‐PG complex, leading to its collapse; the Ca‐Al‐PG networks exhibit an irregular uneven structure.     

乌龙茶新工艺做青期间果胶酶的活性变化及其生化效应研究

试验选用毛蟹和梅占两个适制乌龙茶品种,研究了乌龙茶新工艺做青和对照(不进行摇青)处理过程在制品内源果胶酶(PG)活性及相关生化成分的动态变化。结果表明:鲜叶经晒青后,PG活性有小幅上升,摇青前期,酶活性逐渐增强,在第三次摇青结束时达到峰值,此后的第四、五次摇青中,酶活性迅速下降。不同品种、不同摇青工序间PG活性存在显著差异。对照的PG活性及变幅明显低于摇青处理。在制品含水量及可溶性果胶含量与PG活性之间存在显著相关性。     

接种丛枝菌根真菌和施用磷石膏对烤烟生长及砷累积的影响

为了探讨丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi,AMF）对烤烟生长及磷石膏农用安全的影响,通过盆栽模拟试验研究了磷石膏（Phosphogypsum,PG）不同添加量[0、40mg·g^-1（PG0、PG40）1和接种两种AMF[Glomus massecle（GM）、G．aggregatum（GA）】对烤烟（KRK26）苗期生长及其磷（P）、硫（S）、砷（As）吸收的影响。试验结果表明：无论是否接种AMF,磷石膏的添加均显著增加了KRK26地上部生物量及其植株s含量、吸收量及吸收效率;除不接种处理（NM）的烤烟根系外,PG40处理显著增加了KRK26植株P含量、吸收量及吸收效率,并显著降低了NM处理的地上部As含量及吸收量,进而增加了磷砷吸收比。相同PG添加水平下,与不接种相比,接种GM和GA均显著增加了KRK26植株的生物量。除PGO处理的烤烟根系外,接种GM显著增加了KRK26植株P、S含量与吸收量及吸收效率,以及植株As含量及吸收量,并显著增加了PG40处理的植株磷砷吸收比;接种GA也显著增加了KRK26植株P、S含量及吸收量,并显著降低了PG0处理地上部As含量及吸收量。所有复合处理,以添加磷石膏40mg·g^-1和接种GA处理对KRK26的生长促进效果较好,对磷石膏施用造成的As污染有一定抵御作用。     

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Ginger roots have been used to treat inflammation and have been reported to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX). Ultrafiltration liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to screen a chloroform partition of a methanol extract of ginger roots for COX-2 ligands, and 10-gingerol, 12-gingerol, 8-shogaol, 10-shogaol, 6-gingerdione, 8-gingerdione, 10-gingerdione, 6-dehydro-10-gingerol, 6-paradol, and 8-paradol bound to the enzyme active site. Purified 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol inhibited COX-2 with IC₅₀ values of 32 μM, 17.5 μM and 7.5 μM, respectively. No inhibition of COX-1 was detected. Therefore, 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol inhibit COX-2 but not COX-1, which can explain, in part, the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger.