橡胶树胶木兼优品种热垦525生理特性研究

研究橡胶树胶木兼优新品种热垦525的生理特性,为生产上设计新品种配套的割胶制度提供理论依据。本文采用了胶乳诊断法比较了热垦525与RRIM600、PR107胶乳产量和胶乳各项生理指标。结果表明,热垦525是一个排胶性能良好,代谢旺盛的高产品种,在生产中应适当控制割胶强度。     

不同处理对水蜜桃果实PG酶动力学影响的研究

[目的]探讨不同处理对PG酶的影响,为预测水蜜桃贮藏时间奠定基础。[方法]采用硫代硫酸钠滴定法测定PG酶活性,采用LIPS软件进行相关分析和无重复双因子方差分析。[结果]在整个贮藏过程中,PG酶活性呈上升趋势,PG酶活性随时间变化的方程为：VPG=（k）^1/1＋b·t^-b/1＋b;t=0时刻为采果前528h。冷藏条件下PG酶活性变化方程为：VPG=0．026×（528＋T）^1.0974。;不同的处理影响了反应常数k和反应级数b,各处理的k、b值发生了改变。[结论]通过不同处理证明了水蜜桃果实软化受PG酶影响,建立了水蜜桃果实的PC酶动力学模型。     

脐橙果实发育过程中果肉质地与水解酶活性的变化(英文)

以四川井研县的纽霍尔、罗脐、丰脐为研究材料,进行了定点、定位和定期的观测、取样;首次用NIRS法对脐橙果实生长发育过程中果肉质地组成的WSP、HP、ADF、NDF、SDFI、DF、HC和CEL含量进行了优化建模和定量分析;对影响脐橙果肉质地的果胶甲酯酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶的变化进行了研究。结果表明:①用NIRS法定量分析果肉质地主要的8个指标,优化模型交差检验的结果基本接近化学分析精度,能够用于预测脐橙新样品各质地组成的含量;②3个不同品种脐橙果肉质地组成的变化分析表明,质地组成在数量上化渣的纽霍尔较不易化渣的罗脐和丰脐有更低的CEL而WSP和SDF更高,果实发育过程中纽霍尔WSP和SDF含量的变幅较后二者大;③果实动态变化中,水解酶PE和PG的活性纽霍尔比罗脐和丰脐强、变化幅度较大,影响脐橙果肉质地的关键水解酶是PE和PG,而β-葡萄糖苷酶是PE和PG作用的补充。     

CAWS600-R（T）自动气象站设计弊端及改进方法

CAWS600-R（T）自动气象站是我国目前区域气象观测网中的主要监测设备之一,在气象系统广泛应用。通过总结、分析CAWS600-R（T）自动气象站日常应用和维护工作中发现的设计弊端,提出业务使用中的对应改进方法。经实际运用检验。可有效保障该型自动气象站的正常运行,降低了维护成本。     

自发气调贮藏对油桃采后生理及相关酶活性变化的影响

 研究了自发气调(MA) 贮藏条件下油桃果实的采后生理及相关酶活性变化。结果表明: MA贮藏可明显抑制PG (多聚半乳糖醛酸酶) 、CX (纤维素酶) 的活性, 抑制油桃果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放, 延缓二者跃变高峰的出现, 延缓果实硬度下降和膜相对透性升高, 但MA贮藏对油桃果实可溶性固形物含量无显著影响。     

Survival of the biocontrol agents Coniothyrium minitans and Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 introduced into pasteurised, sterilised and non-sterile soils

The biocontrol agents Coniothyrium minitans and Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 were added separately to three soil types that had been either sterilised, pasteurised or left non-sterile. Applied as a conidial suspension of 1×10⁶ cfu g⁻¹ soil, C. minitans showed good survival in all sterilised, pasteurised and non-sterile soils, remaining at the numerical level at which it was applied for the duration of the 30 d experiment. Applied at a lower rate of 1×10³ cfu g⁻¹ soil, C. minitans proliferated in sterilised soil to numbers slightly over 1×10⁶ cfu g⁻¹ soil, whereas no increase was seen in pasteurised or non-sterile soils from this lower application rate. However, although C. minitans was not easily recovered on plates from non-sterile soil, it did survive at the lower numerical level in pasteurised soil, and was recoverable throughout the experiment at the rate at which it was applied. B. subtilis MBI 600 survived well following introduction as a cell suspension into sterilised soil at a rate of 1×10⁶ cfu g⁻¹ soil. Spores were formed rapidly and, after 14 d, the introduced microorganism survived in this form rather than as vegetative cells. However, in non-sterile soil, the introduced microorganism did not compete well and decreased in number, with spores being formed in low numbers. Survival of B. subtilis MBI 600 in pasteurised soil was variable, but resembled the survival seen in non-sterile soil more than that seen in sterilised soil. More B. subtilis MBI 600 spores were formed in pasteurised soil than in non-sterile soil, however, and may have been important for survival in pasteurised soil. In conclusion, this work has shown that the biocontrol agent C. minitans can survive well in soil irrespective of whether the soil has been pasteurised or not and shows good promise as a soil inoculant for control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Although soil pasteurisation does improve establishment of B. subtilis MBI 600 compared to non-sterile soil, survival is relatively poor when applied as cells. The best survival of B. subtilis MBI 600 occurred as spores in sterilised soil, and spore applications to pasteurised soil in an integrated control strategy may allow sufficient establishment of the biocontrol agent to target pathogens causing damping-off.     

东风橡胶分公司橡胶芽接树新割制生产情况调查

通过对橡胶树割胶树位调查,低于20割龄胶树实施新割制,一般表现干胶产量增产和年度间产量变化平稳,累计死皮病率低,而高于20割龄胶树实行新割制、老龄割制和强割制,虽然提高刺激剂使用浓度,仍不能表现干胶增产,同时4～5级死皮率明显增高;品系GT1表现比RRIM更耐刺激,增产幅度大,死皮率更低。     

甜瓜多聚半乳糖醛酸酶反义基因植物表达载体的构建

选育耐贮运品种是解决甜瓜贮运难题的有效途径之一.用特异引物从含甜瓜多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)cDNA全序列的pCMPG质粒中克隆出PG基因,将该基因连接至pGEM-T Easy载体,获得重组质粒pGEM-PG.先用SacI和XbaI双酶切pGEM-PG,再用SacI和XbaI消化pBI121,得到除去了GUS基因的线状载体.从pGEM-PG质粒上切下的PG1 cDNA片段的粘性末端和pBI121线状载体的粘性末端恰好反向匹配,构建了甜瓜PG1 cDNA反义序列植物表达载体.     

Relationship Between Ca2+-CaM and Ethylene-Induced PG Activity in Tomato Fruit

Polygalacturonase (PG) was studied during ripening and senescence of postharvest tomatofruit at pink stage at low and normal temperature. The results showed that the PG activity increased, thendecreased during ripening and senescence of tomato. Low temperature inhibited but ethylene enhanced PGactivity. Ethylene also enhanced caimodulin content, which was dependent on Ca2+ concentration in cell.When EGTA(Ca2+ chelator), verapamil (Vp) and LaCl3 (Ca2+ channel blockers), trifluoperazine and chloro-promaize (two CaM antagonisms) were used to treat tomato fruit at green mature stage with ethylene, theycould reverse ethylene-induced increase in PG activity, but Vp, chloropromaize (CPZ), trifluoperazine(TFP) could not directly influence PG activity, which indirectly indicated that influx of Ca2+ from the ex-tracellular space including the cell wall via the Ca2+ channel localized in plasma membrane and CaM were re-quired for ethylene-induced PG activity increase and that ethylene signal transduction may be related to Ca2+- CaM messenger system.     

磷石膏无害化改性及其在农田土壤改良中的应用研究进展

工业废弃物资源化利用是全球关注的热点问题，磷石膏（Phosphogypsum，PG）无害化改性及在土壤改良中的资源化应用是缓解磷化工产业废弃物大量堆积问题的重要途径之一。本文首先回顾了磷石膏在农田土壤改良中调控酸性及受污染土壤、补充土壤养分及提高氮素利用效率、缓解连作障碍和促进作物生长、降低农田温室气体碳排放等方面的应用和效果，并总结了存在的环境风险。进而，从物理、化学、生物及其他技术方面系统探讨了磷石膏在农业资源化应用过程中需进行的无害化改性措施，阐明了改性磷石膏的主要作用机理（阴离子吸附、调控pH、增效缓释、调控根区微生物环境等）。最后，提出了无害化改性磷石膏在农业资源化利用过程中尚待解决的科学问题及研究方向，以期为我国磷石膏资源化利用研究及磷化工产业的可持续发展提供科学依据。