基于RAGA的PPC模型评价水分胁迫对寒区水稻生长和产量的影响

针对水分胁迫对水稻生育和产量的综合影响很难直观判断的问题,该文提出了评价水稻综合指标的投影寻踪方法,该方法可以依据样本自身的数据特性寻求最佳投影方向,利用最佳投影方向判断各评价指标对综合评价目标的贡献大小。采用实码加速遗传算法进行PPC建模,简化了投影寻踪技术的实现过程,克服了投影寻踪技术计算复杂、编程实现困难的缺点。评价结果表明,拔节期受旱对生育综合指标影响较大,分蘖期受旱由于时间较长,生育综合指标也较差。水稻生育期连旱对生理指标以及产量影响最为严重。应用RAGA算法的PPC模型评价水稻水分胁迫情况下生育综合指标排序结论比较可靠,这对制定水稻调亏灌溉制度具有应用价值。     

辣椒幼苗叶片光合特性对低温、弱光及盐胁迫3重逆境的响应

以"中椒4号"辣椒为试材,研究了低温(18℃/10℃,昼/夜)、弱光(80μmol·m-2·s-1)及盐胁迫(70mmol·L-1NaCl)3重逆境对辣椒幼苗叶片光合参数、需光特性及CO2需求特性等指标的影响。低温、弱光、盐胁迫单一及复合逆境均导致辣椒叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)下降,低温盐胁迫处理的上述各指标降低幅度较大,处理后15d净光合速率比对照降低71.28%。各逆境导致净光合速率下降的限制因子不同。弱光处理提高了辣椒叶片表观量子效率(AQY),其他逆境处理均导致辣椒叶片光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)、AQY及光饱和时的光合速率降低;低温弱光处理辣椒幼苗的CO2补偿点(CCP)高于对照,其他逆境处理辣椒幼苗的CCP、CO2饱和点(CSP)、羧化效率(CE)及RuBP最大再生速率均有所降低;低温盐胁迫处理辣椒叶片上述各指标降低幅度最大,其次为低温弱光及盐胁迫处理。说明低温、弱光及盐胁迫3重逆境下辣椒叶片光合特性的响应机制与单一或双重逆境下有所差异,弱光在一定程度上可缓解低温盐胁迫复合逆境处理引起的辣椒叶片光合能力的降低。     

白菜型冬油菜‘陇油7号’叶片响应低温胁迫的差异蛋白鉴定与分析

为了从蛋白质组学的角度探讨超强抗寒品种白菜型冬油菜‘陇油7号’的抗寒机理,本研究采用TCA(三氯乙酸)-丙酮沉淀法,提取低温胁迫(4℃,7 d)前后的叶片总蛋白,对蛋白提取方法、IPG(固定pH梯度)胶条种类等环节进行了优化,运用双向电泳和质谱分析技术,鉴定了低温胁迫下‘陇油7号’5叶期叶片总蛋白质组分的表达差异模式。结果表明:改进后的蛋白质提取液(含DTT,二硫苏糖醇)和PVPP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)得到的蛋白质平均浓度较改进前高3.42μg·μL-1,除盐时间较改进前短1.14 h;同时,含蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)的蛋白提取液获得的蛋白质种类丰富,凝胶图谱中可检测到661个蛋白点,较改进前可测蛋白点数(587)提高11.2。采用17 cm p H 4~7的IPG胶条的电泳能更好地分离蛋白,得到重复性好、分辨率高的蛋白质组图谱。利用PDQuest 8.0软件分析比较了超强抗寒品种‘陇油7号’低温胁迫前后的蛋白组表达谱,发现低温胁迫前后共有15个质变的蛋白质点,推测这些差异蛋白点可能与低温胁迫的响应有关。进一步对质变的蛋白质点进行了质谱分析,鉴定出11个与低温胁迫相关的蛋白质点,这些蛋白包括光合作用相关的蛋白、糖代谢相关的蛋白、物质运输相关的蛋白和逆境响应相关的蛋白。而且,低温胁迫处理前后,‘陇油7号’叶片蛋白质的表达水平存在明显差异,这些差异蛋白可能在冬油菜抗寒响应中发挥重要作用。     

Response of Leek (Allium porrum L.) to Different Irrigation Water Levels Under Rain Shelter

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water levels on water-use efficiency, yield and growth parameters of leek (Allium porrum L.) and was carried out in the practical research field of Ondokuz May?s University in Turkey. Different irrigation water levels were based on the weight changes of each pot and included 5 irrigation treatments [25% (I₂₅), 50% (I₅₀), 75% (I₇₅), 100% (I₁₀₀) and 118% (I₁₁₈) times of consumed water]. Decreases in irrigation water resulted in decreases in plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem fresh weights, leaf and stem dry weights and leaf area, but did not significantly affect leaf number or chlorophyll content. A yield-response factor of 1.26 was obtained, implying that the leek crop was sensitive to water stress caused by deficit irrigation. Comprehensive analysis of yield, water use efficiency, and evapotranspiration, the I₇₅ treatment can be suggested for leek production in water-scarce regions.     

ACC deaminase-producing bacteria mediated drought and salt tolerance in Capsicum annuum

Influence of drought and salt stress on different morphological and physiological growth parameters in Capsicum annuum inoculated with our isolates was estimated during the present study. Bulkhorderia cepacia was reported to possess the maximal, whereas Citrobacter feurendii the least plant growth promoting efficacy under salt and drought stress. ACC Deaminase activity of purified B. cepacia, C. feurendii and Serratia marcescens was 12.8 ± 0.44, 12.3 ± 0.56 and 11.7 ± 0.53 μM αKB mg^?1 min^?1 respectively. Under drought stress, B. cepacia showed maximum tolerance as it produced 4.893 ± 0.06 mg/mg protein of exopolysaccharide followed by C. feurendii and S. marcescens that produced 4.23 ± 0.03 and 3.46 ± 0.05 mg/mg protein, respectively. Chlorophyll “a” concentration was recorded 5.7 gm L^?1 in B. cepacia inoculated plant (without stress) and was sustained till 2.9 gm L^?1 even under the highest tested drought period. Chlorophyll “a” concentration in the B. cepacia inoculated plant under the highest tested NaCl concentration was 3.2 gm L^?1. Thus, bacterial inoculation mitigates the effects of salinity by the proliferation of root system, increasing plant biomass proving to be potential bioinoculum for alleviating abiotic stress.     

Effects of vermicompost and urea fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Vetiveria zizanioides stapf. grown under drought stress conditions

The use of vermicompost as a bio-fertilizer and urea (as chemical fertilizer) under drought stress conditions was tested in this research. Accordingly, a pot experiment was carried out and the seedlings of vetivergrass (Vetiveriazizanioides stapf.) were grown in the greenhouse at Malayer University. The experiment was conducted based on factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design using five replications. Irrigation levels included field capacity (FC) (as control), 60% FC and 30% FC. Vermicompost applications included zero (as control), 40, and 60% which were expressed as VC1, VC2, and VC3. Urea application levels included zero (0), 100, or 200 mg per kg per pot which were expressed as U1, U2, and U3, respectively. The highest and the lowest values of total protein contents (μMg-1 fresh weight (FW)), calcium and magnesium concentrations (mg g^?1 dry weight (DW)), and survival capacity (%) of the vetivergrass were found in the FC × VC3 × U3 and 30% FC × VC1 × U1 treatments, respectively, whereas the maximum and the minimum values of essential oil contents (%) were seen in the 60% FC × VC3 × U3 and FC × VC1 × U1 treatments, respectively. A different trend was seen in the changes of total chlorophyll content (%) values and the highest and the lowest values were found in the 60% FC × VC3 × U3 and 30% FC × VC1 × U1 treatments, respectively. However, the root dry weight increased significantly as the soil moisture content, percentage of vermicompost, or urea addition decreased.     

Combined effect of deficit irrigation and potassium fertilizer on physiological response,plant water status and yield of soybean in calcareous soil

A 2-year field experiment (2013 and 2014) was conducted in calcareous soil (CaCO₃ 19.2%), on soybean grown under three irrigation regimes 100%, 85% and 70% of crop evapotranspiration combined with three potassium (K₂O) levels (90, 120 and 150 kg ha^?1). The objective was to investigate the complementary properties of potassium fertilizer in improving soybean physiological response under water deficit. Plant water status (relative water content RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence F_v/F₀ and F_v/F_m), had been significantly affected by irrigation or/and potassium application. Potassium improved growth characteristics (i.e. shoot length, number, leaf area and dry weight of leaves) as well as physiochemical attributes (total soluble sugars, free proline and contents of N, P, K, Ca and Na). Yield and yield water use efficiency (Y-WUE) were significantly affected by irrigation and potassium treatments. Results indicated that potassium application of 150 and 120 kg ha^?1 significantly increased seed yield by 29.6% and 13.89%, respectively, compared with 90 kg ha^?1 as average for two seasons. It was concluded that application of higher levels of potassium fertilizer in arid environment improves plant water status as well as growth and yield of soybean under water stress.     

小麦TaFKBP62c-2B基因克隆、组织表达及亚细胞定位

FK506结合蛋白(FK506 binding protein,FKBP)具有肽基-脯氨酰顺反异构酶(peptidyl-proly cistrans isomerase,PPIase)活性,可以作为一种分子伴侣在蛋白折叠中发挥作用.本研究采用同源基因克隆获得小麦(Triticum aestivum)高温胁迫应答基因TaFKBP62c-2B,利用qRT-PCR和绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)示踪技术明确了TaFKBP62c-2B的表达模式和亚细胞定位信息.序列分析结果表明,小麦TaFKBP62c-2B基因含有37 bp的5'UTR区、1 926 bp的完整CDS以及176 bp的3'UTR区,共编码642个氨基酸(GenBank登录号:KU350629).结构域分析发现,TaFKBP62c-2B是由3个FK506结合保守域(FKBP_C)和3个三十四肽重复序列(tetratricopeptide repeat,TPR)构成的多域FKBP.qRT-PCR结果显不,TaFKBP62c-2B强烈响应高温胁迫;组织表达分析表明,TaFKBP62c-2B主要在小麦的茎和小穗等植株地上组织中表达,在根部的表达量较低.亚细胞定位表明,TaFKBP62c-2B位于内质网上.本研究获得了小麦TaFKBP62c-2B基因全长、明确了其表达规律以及亚细胞定位信息,为进一步了解TaFKBP62c-2B的生物学功能提供了基础资料.     

Monitoring the photosystem II behavior of wild and cultivated barley in response to progressive water stress and rehydration using OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence transient

To study the effects of progressive drought stress on photosystem II behavior of wild type (Spantaneum) and cultivated barley (Morocco), different levels of soil water availability, including control, moderate, mild, and severe water stress (70%, 50%, 30%, and 10% water holding capacity of soil, respectively) and rehydration were used. Polyphasic OJIP fluorescence transient of Morocco plants exhibited a considerable increase in fluorescence intensity at O, J, and I steps under mild and severe stress relative to slight increase in wild barley. Values of fluorescence parameters and quantum efficiencies, including minimal fluorescence, relative variable fluorescence at phase J and I, maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), performance index, electron transport yield, and excitation transfer efficiency were influenced by water stress in both genotypes. These parameters were significantly less affected in wild type barley by progressive drought stress compared to Morocco. After re-watering, both genotypes were able to restore from severe drought in most of the traits. Based on our findings, highly correlated values of relative water content (RWC) and independent JIP-test parameters (P < 0.01) indicate that the chlorophyll a fluorescence induction technique is sensitive to plant water status and performance index represent an accurate and reliable indicator for early stress detection and also explore plant vitality under water stress.     

Seed vigor and boron and calcium nutrition influence oilseed rape germinability and seedling growth under salt stress

The beneficial effects of boron (B) and calcium (Ca) nutrition on pea seed germinability under salinity stress have recently been shown. However, nothing is known about the influence of seed vigor status on these results, especially in oilseed rape as an important oil crop worldwide. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of seed vigor, boron and calcium nutrition on seed germinability, seedling growth, and some biochemical characteristics of oilseed rape seedlings under salinity. In spite of promotive effects of application of both boron and calcium nutrition on oilseed rape germinability and seedling growth, there was a more significant promotion on germination rate of high vigor seeds. Proline content and guaiacol peroxidase activity of seedlings were significantly increased by adding supplemental boron to the medium compared to the control. Finally, it can be concluded that boron and calcium nutrition would improve the salt tolerance capability of oilseed rape seedlings from vigorous seeds, at least in the early plant development.