番茄果实力学特性及与成熟度关系的试验研究

采用完整番茄果实为试样,根据弹性力学赫芝理论及线形粘弹性理论,结合图像处理的方法,从平板压缩试验及应力松弛试验研究中,提取力学—流变学性质参数,并为果实的成熟度判别作应用探讨,为番茄的生产、运输,加工及分级等提供必要的方法与基础数据资料。     

氮胁迫条件下水稻理想株型基因ipa1对氮代谢的影响

利用水稻(Oryza sativa L.)近等基因系NIL-IPA1和NIL-ipa1,研究在施氮与不施氮条件下,理想株型调控基因ipa1在水稻快速分蘖期对氮代谢的影响。结果发现,在施氮条件下,相对于NIL-IPA1植株,NIL-ipa1水稻植株中谷氨酰胺合成酶(Glutamine synthetase,GS)、NADH谷氨酸合酶(NADH-glutamate synthase,NADH-GOGAT)的活性降低,叶片中游离氨基酸含量减少,但NADH谷氨酸脱氢酶(NADHglutamate dehydrogenase,NADH-GDH)、NAD+谷氨酸脱氢酶(NAD+-glutamate dehydrogenase,NAD+-GDH)活性升高,表明ipa1能够降低水稻植株氮素同化效率,同时提高氮素重复利用率。在不施氮条件下,NIL-IPA1和NIL-ipa1植株GS活性提高,NADH-GOGAT、NADH-GDH、NAD+-GDH活性降低,可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量减少,同时发现在NIL-ipa1植株中GS、NADH-GOGAT活性变化相对较小,NAD+-GDH活性相对较低,游离氨基酸含量相对较高,表明ipa1能够降低氮胁迫对水稻植株氮同化效率的影响,提高水稻植株对低氮胁迫的抗性。     

海带提取物影响海水胁迫豆芽生长的试验研究

用45%海水稀释海带物质作为试验液,培养大豆种子,结果表明：400倍液提高成苗率61.36%;800倍稀释液提高豆芽的主根长44.2%,茎长、茎重分别提高117.7%和12.23%;600倍液分别提高豆芽最长叶、叶鲜重、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量100.14%、70.29%、0.96%、179.50%。     

Influence of the Site of Cultivation on Chétoui Olive (Olea europaea L.) Oil Quality

Abstract

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effect of location on the chemical composition and quality of monovarietal virgin olive oils obtained from the Chétoui cultivar in relation to the fruit ripening stages. Three sites representative of two Tunisian olive growing regions were examined, Selten (region I (RI): original site of plantation of Chétoui variety in the north of the country), Ousletia and Jelma (region II (RII): in the central part of the country away from the original plantation site). In this study, Chétoui olive cultivar was found to have different responses to environmental conditions. Chétoui olive oils showed lower values in phenol and o-diphenol contents and were less stable to oxidation (weaker oxidative stability and antioxidant activity levels) when the olive trees were cultivated away from the original plantation site. These Chétoui olive oils are also characterized by decreased oil content and higher values of quality parameters such as free acidity, peroxide value and UV absorbance due probably to the drought during the flowering and olive ripening periods. Furthermore, many analytical parameters, i.e., chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, oleic acid contents, total phenol and o-diphenol amounts, oxidative stability, antioxidative capacity and quality parameters showed nearly the same changes during fruit ripening but in different degrees depending on the site of the plantation.     

关于骆驼抗逆性的思考

从探险家发现南极鱼到科学家在南极鱼体内找到抗冷冻蛋白,联想到如何挖掘骆驼所具有的抗逆性。围绕骆驼特有的耐热、耐渴、耐寒、耐饿、耐粗饲料等生物学特性,对驼产业的开发与利用提出了新的思路。     

小麦水通道蛋白基因家族的全基因组鉴定及其在盐和干旱胁迫响应中的作用

水通道蛋白(AQPs)的功能是选择性地控制水和其他小分子通过细胞膜的流动,它们在植物的许多生理过程中都是至关重要的,包括非生物胁迫反应.小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是全球重要的粮食作物,但干旱和盐胁迫是小麦生长和产量形成的重要影响因素.共鉴定得到了 127个非冗余的小麦水通道蛋白基因和4个可变剪接体.对TaAQP基因进行了 RNA-seq分析,揭示了小麦AQP基因的特异性表达模式.其中,TaTIPs和TaPIPs的表达高于TaNIPs和TaSIPs.qRT-PCR分析表明,小麦在干旱和盐胁迫条件下,TaNIP4;03_3D,TaTIP2;02b_7B,TaSIP2;02_4A,TaNIP3;03_6D 和 TaNIP2;04a_7D 等 AQPs 受到显著诱导并且有高表达量,表明它们参与了胁迫响应.这些结果为进一步探索TaAQPs基因在植物应对干旱胁迫和盐胁迫中的作用提供了新的思路.     

全周期间作模式胶园内间作生姜的生长及抗性生理特征

研究南北行向的全周期间作模式胶园宽行间间作生姜的生长及其抗逆生理变化。结果表明：在宽行中间12 m宽的区域内,不同位置间作的生姜产量间存在一定差异,以宽行东侧约3 m宽区域的生姜株高、茎粗和叶片SPAD值表现最好,产量最高,其次为西侧区域,在宽行中间6 m宽的区域则不适宜生姜生长;不同位置间作生姜叶片的游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性总体上无显著性变化(P＞0.05)。综上所述,在全周期间作模式胶园宽行中靠近橡胶树的两侧较适宜生姜种植(特别是东侧),不同位置间作对生姜抗逆生理的影响不大。     

Effect of salt stress on activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） in Ulmus pumila L.

The injury tolerance of cell plasma membrane and the correlative enzymes activities of plasma-membrane protection system in the Ulmuspumila leaves treated by nine concentrations （0.3%, 0.6%, 0,9%, 1,2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2,1%, 2.4%, 3.0%） of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 mixtures were studied in a greenhouse of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The rate of electrolyte leakage （REL） and SOD （Superoxide dismutase） activity in leaves of different samples were determined. Results showed that the REL in leaves of U. pumila presented a slowly increasing trend at the salt concentrations less than 1.5%, which indicated that cell plasma membrane of U. pumila leaves had rather strong resistance to the injury of salt ion, and had a significant increase at the salt concentrations more than 1.5%. The SOD activities in leaves of U, pumila presented an increased trend at salt concentrations less than 1.5%, the growth of seedlings did not decline, and tress and leaves had no symptom of injury, while the salt concentrations exceeded 1.5%, SOD activities sharply decreased and REL increased promptly.