基于GARP生态位模型的江西桔小实蝇适生区分析

[目的]为在江西省对桔小实蝇进行有效的监测和预警提供科学依据。[方法]利用桔小实蝇的分布点数据和环境因子数据,通过GARP生态位模型预测桔小实蝇在江西省的潜在分布区域。[结果]桔小实蝇在江西省的适生面积占全省面积的2/3以上。在24°～26°N赣南盆地的大部分区域,年平均气温在19～20℃,是桔小实蝇的高适生区。在26°～27°N的赣州北部的部分地区以及吉安西南部、抚州、鹰潭、上饶东南部的少部分地区,年平均气温在18～19℃,是桔小实蝇的中度适生区。在26°～30°N的滨湖、赣江中下游、抚河、袁水区域和赣西南山区,年平均气温在17～18℃,是桔小实蝇的低适生区。赣东北、赣西北和长江沿岸地区,年平均气温为16～17℃,是桔小实蝇的非适生区。[结论]该研究结果表明,桔小实蝇的实际分布与GARP的预测分布基本相符。     

柑橘小实蝇的识别与防治研究

柑橘小实蝇为害200多种植物,是各国的植物检疫对象。介绍了柑橘小实蝇的形态特征、与柑橘大实蝇的区别、发生规律、生活习性、为害特点和防治方法比较。     

不同处理方式对东方百合种子萌发的影响

在常规条件下东方百合种子难以萌发,对育种和相关研究带来不利影响。通过研究培养温度、光照条件、低温贮藏时间、硝酸钾溶液和温水处理对东方百合品种佳娜Janna种子萌发的影响,结果显示,20℃时种子的发芽率最高,24 h光照对萌发有促进作用;低温贮藏90 d的种子的发芽率最大(81%),但低温贮藏10~90 d的种子发芽率差异不明显;质量分数为1.0%硝酸钾溶液浸种能提高种子的发芽率;50℃温水处理1 h可以明显提高发芽势、改善发芽整齐度,但对提高发芽率作用不大。由此认为,用适当方法处理东方百合种子可以提高其发芽势和发芽率。     

东方百合明星无性快繁体系的建立

【目的】以东方百合品种明星无菌叶为材料建立快繁体系,为其种球产业化生产提供技术支撑。【方法】以花器官培养获得的无菌小鳞片及叶片为材料,以添加不同浓度6-BA、2,4-D的MS培养基诱导不定芽及小鳞茎产生;以不同浓度的蔗糖诱导小鳞茎的膨大及根的产生;以珍珠岩、草炭、蛭石的混合基质作为小鳞茎移栽基质。【结果】用6-BA诱导无菌小鳞片产生不定芽时以1.5 mg/L为宜,诱导率为75.0%;用2,4-D诱导无菌叶片产生小鳞茎时以2.0 mg/L为宜,诱导率为91.7%;添加70.0 g/L蔗糖的MS培养基适宜小鳞茎膨大及根的产生;带小鳞茎及根的组培苗在珍珠岩∶草炭∶蛭石=1∶1∶1的基质中移栽成活率最高,达100.0%。【结论】东方百合品种明星可利用无菌叶片建立无性快繁体系。     

梨小食心虫诱源物质研究进展

梨小食心虫是世界性分布的蛀果害虫,具有钻蛀为害习性,因此很难进行有效防治。害虫综合治理符合当前人们对环保的要求,成为关注的焦点。在梨小食心虫综合治理体系中,诱捕诱杀成虫是重要的组成部分。目前在梨小食心虫的诱捕防治中,主要的诱源物质包括性信息素、糖醋液、植物源引诱剂、光源等。介绍了不同诱源物质的研究进展、影响因素等,并对其应用前景进行了分析。     

黄瓜新品种“东方秀”的选育

“东方秀”是以优良自交系101为母本,以自交系102为父本育成的杂交一代黄瓜新品种。植株长势强,第1雌花节位在4～5节,瓜条长约34 cm左右,横径3.2 cm,单瓜质量230 g左右;瓜条深绿色,刺瘤较密,果肉脆甜;维生素C含量为167.7 mg/kg;较抗霜霉病、白粉病和细菌性角斑病;耐低温弱光,丰产性好;产量可达112433.778 kg/hm2以上,适于我国北方地区及河南省早春大棚或温室栽培。     

论大革命时期《东方杂志》的“农民状况调查”号

分析了《东方杂志》"农民状况调查"专号的刊出背景,探讨了专号的鲜明特点。从个案入手,阐述了专号所反映出的农村社会状况和各地知识分子对农民问题的认识。     

Sex-related differences in the tolerance of Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) to organophosphate insecticides

In vivo toxicity assays have shown that organophosphate insecticides are less toxic to male than to female Oriental fruit moths Grapholita molesta. While male moths have higher levels of acetylcholinesterase and general esterase activities, female moth acetylcholinesterase enzymes are less sensitive to aromatic and aliphatic organophosphates than male enzymes. Elevated esterase and acetylcholinesterase activities in male moths explain their greater tolerance to aromatic and aliphatic organophosphates. Male and female acetylcholinesterase enzymes are equally tolerant to heteroaromatic organophosphates, the most widely used of this class of insecticides in G molesta control. This observation, in contrast to the greater sensitivity of male acetylcholinesterases to aromatic and aliphatic organophosphates, shows the potential for the evolution of insensitive target sites in male moths, which would increase male G molesta tolerance to these insecticides. Significant sex-linked differences in insecticide tolerance have not been reported previously in lepidopterans. The practical implications of the observed differences in tolerance in male and female G molesta question the practice of using pheromone traps to monitor populations of these moths in orchards.     

Characterizations of general esterases in relation to malathion susceptibility in two field populations of the oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen)

General esterases were characterized and compared from two populations of the oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis, collected from Huanghua and Pingshan Counties, Hebei Province, China. General esterases were most concentrated in the thorax and abdomen, which contained 46.1 and 36.1% of total esterase activity in females, and 42.7 and 36.0% in males, respectively, when α-naphthyl acetate was used as a substrate. There was no distinct difference in esterase banding patterns in different body regions for the substrates α-naphthyl acetate and β-naphthyl acetate on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). However, the general esterase activities in the Huanghua population were 1.8-fold higher than those in the Pingshan population in both females and males. Increased esterase activity in the Huanghua population appeared to be mainly due to several additional esterase bands detected on non-denaturing PAGE. Inhibition studies of general esterases using four inhibitors, including paraoxon, malaoxon, eserine, and carbaryl, indicated that most general esterases in the two populations were B-type. The increased esterase activity in the Huanghua population appeared to be associated with a 1.8-fold decreased susceptibility to malathion. Such differences may attribute to the difference in control practices for the locust between Huanghua and Pingshan Counties.     

Effects of flurprimidol and daminozide on growth and flowering of oriental lily ‘Mona Lisa’

Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of growth retardants in controlling height of oriental lily ‘Mona Lisa’. In first experiment flurprimidol was applied as a single foliar spray (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg l⁻¹) or a soil drench (0, 0.1125, 0.225, 0.3375 and 0.45 mg/pot) at two plant growth stages (7 and 15 cm). In second experiment flurprimidol (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg l⁻¹) and daminozide (0, 2500, 3500 and 4500 mg l⁻¹) were applied once or twice as a foliar spray. Daminozide applied once or twice at concentrations of 2500–4500 mg l⁻¹ was ineffective in ‘Mona Lisa’ growth retardation. Flurprimidol was effective growth retardant in reducing stem extension without adverse side-effects. The maximum reduction in plant height obtained was 45% compared to controls. Flowering time was not affected by lower rates of flurprimidol, but it was slightly delayed when retardant was applied at higher doses. The tepal size, leaf size and pedicel length were smaller than those of the control plants. Intensified leaf colour was observed on flurprimidol treated ‘Mona Lisa’. The effect of flurprimidol persisted in the year after treatment.