不同损伤形式诱导合作杨挥发物释放差异的研究

Three treatments including mechanical damage, Lymantria dispar attacking and daubing oral secretions of the insects on mechanically damaged cut were conducted on Populus simoniixPopulus pyramibalis c.v. in order to find the genuine reason leading to effective resistance response of tree to insects attacking. The release situation of the induced volatiles of the plant was analyzed by TCT-GC/MS at 24 hours after damages. The results indicated that some of the volatiles such as (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, decanal, 3-hexenyl isovalerate, nonanal, ocimene, and 2-cyanobutane can be induced by both insects attacking and mechanical damage, while 2,6-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-octatetraene, 2-methyl-6-methylene-1,7-octadien-3-one, caryophyllene,Isovaleronitrile, diethyl-methyl-benzamide, and dicapryl phthalate were only induced by insects attacking. Such difference in volatiles was attributed to that there existed active components in oral sections of the larvae of Lymantria dispar     

黄马通淋口服液质量标准研究

选取了不同产地的药材制备出10批黄马通淋口服液的样品,进行性状、pH值,相对密度的检查,采用盐酸镁粉颜色反应定性鉴别黄马通淋口服液中的黄酮类化合物,采用TLC法对黄马通淋口服液中一枝黄花进行定性鉴别,并采用HPLC法测定毛蕊花糖苷含量。选用Agilent Zobax Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);以乙腈-0.2%磷酸(20:80)为流动相,检测波长为330 nm,柱温为30℃,流速为每分钟1.0 mL,进样量为10 μL。10批黄马通淋口服液均为棕色至棕褐色液体,pH值在4.7～5.2,相对密度在1.05~1.11;在盐酸镁粉颜色反应中,溶液显示出橙黄色,说明制剂中含有黄酮类化合物;在薄层鉴别中一枝黄花有良好的鉴别特征;有效成分毛蕊花糖苷浓度在10.36~207.20 μg/mL时,进样浓度与峰面积之间存在良好的线性关系(r=0.9992);平均加样回收率为101.96%,RSD=1.99%。盐酸镁粉反应中颜色反应明显,易辨别。在薄层鉴别中一枝黄花有良好的鉴别特征,方法操作简便、阴性对照无干扰;毛蕊花糖苷的含量测定方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于控制黄马通淋口服液的质量。     

Involvement of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the glucose homeostasis regulation in obese and pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism affected dogs

The incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) enhances insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to assess GLP-1, glucose and insulin concentrations, Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA_{insulin sensitivity} and HOMA_{β-cell function}) in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), and compare these values with those in normal and obese dogs. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed and the glucose, GLP-1 and insulin concentrations were evaluated at baseline, and after 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Both basal concentration and those corresponding to the subsequent times, for glucose, GLP-1 and insulin, were statistically elevated in PDH dogs compared to the other groups. Insulin followed a similar behaviour together with variations of GLP-1. HOMA_{insulin sensitivity} was statistically decreased and HOMA_{β-cell function} increased in dogs with PDH. The higher concentrations of GLP-1 in PDH could play an important role in the impairment of pancreatic β-cells thus predisposing to diabetes mellitus.     

家蚕Polh+ Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统的构建

为利用杆状病毒的强启动子——多角体启动子而构建的重组杆状病毒一般是多角体缺失型(polh-)病毒。为了解决家蚕生物反应器规模化生产中病毒必需经皮接种而效率低下的问题,在建立家蚕Bac-to-Bac快速表达系统的基础上,构建了能形成多角体的家蚕Polh+ Bac-to-Bac表达系统。通过该系统能够产生表达外源目的基因的重组病毒,获得的该重组病毒能在培养细胞内表达,也能通过经口添食感染表达。利用EGFP报告基因分析了该系统的表达效果,构建的重组病毒不仅有效表达了EGFP蛋白,还在细胞核中形成了大量多角体。该系统较好解决了重组病毒必需经皮接种感染的缺陷,提高了生产效率,拓宽了杆状病毒在生物杀虫剂、基因治疗等领域的应用前景。     

EM口服液对牦牛犊增重效果的影响

用EM口服液在果洛地区的牦牛犊中进行了增重试验,同时与消维康口服液、畜痢灵口服液的增重效果进行了比较。结果：EM组、消维康、畜痢灵和对比照组牦牛犊分别比实验前增重31．10±4．0864kg,29．94±4．6441kg,25．98±3．7498ks和19．78±4．2584ks：其中：EM组比对照组平均增重多11．32kg（P〈0．01）;比畜痢灵组平均增重多5．12ks（P〈0．05）;比消维康组平均增重1．63kg（P〉0．05）。     

Responses of broiler chickens orally challenged with Clostridium perfringens isolated from field cases of necrotic enteritis

The present study examines the responses of broiler chickens to oral administration of Clostridium perfringens freshly isolated from field cases of necrotic enteritis (NE). The challenge studies included long-term exposure and short-term exposure, factored in with dietary and management variables including high levels of dietary components such as fish meal, meat meal, abrupt change of feed, and fasting. In the long-term exposure trials, the birds were orally inoculated daily, with 1 ml (1.0 or 2 x 10(8) CFU/ml) of an overnight culture of C. perfringens for 7 days. Short-term exposure trials involved challenge with 1 ml (3 x 10(10) CFU/ml) administered as a single dose. The responses of broilers to orally administered C. perfingens under laboratory controlled conditions are presented and discussed in the context of authentic field cases of necrotic enteritis. None of the challenge trials produced overt clinical signs of NE and there were no mortalities associated with oral exposure to high doses of C. perfringens. However, many of the challenged birds showed distinctly pronounced pathological changes in the intestinal tissue. On gross examination the responses in birds challenged orally with C. perfringens could be placed into two categories: (1) no apparent pathological changes in the intestinal tissue and (2) sub-clinical inflammatory responses with focal, multi-focal, locally extensive, or disseminated distribution throughout various sections of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca. In birds that responded with intestinal lesions, hyperemia and occasional hemorrhages were the main gross changes. In some birds, the mucosa was covered with a brownish material, but typically, the mucosa was lined by yellow or greenish, loosely adherent material. Mild gross changes were seen in some control birds, but both qualitatively and quantitatively, the lesions were distinctly more pronounced in the challenged birds. Upon histological examination, none of the experimentally exposed birds showed overt mucosal necrosis typical of field cases of NE, but typically the lamina propria was hyperemic and infiltrated with numerous inflammatory cells. Most significant changes were seen at the interface of the basal domain of enterocytes and lamina propria. Multifocally, these areas were extensively edematous, allowing for the substantial disturbance of the structural integrity between the lamina propria and the enterocytes. The lesions observed in the present study were consistently reproduced in all of our challenge trials, hence these responses may signify newly emerging patterns of sub-clinical enteric disorders in contemporary strains of poultry. The pathological changes observed in broilers challenged orally with C. perfringens in the present study, differ significantly from those reported previously, and must be clearly differentiated from those described in cases of NE or ulcerative enteritis. Although no overt necrosis of the intestinal mucosa typical of field cases of NE were observed in the present study, the birds challenged with C. perfringens showed strong inflammatory reaction to the introduced pathogens. The distinct features of the microscopic lesions were changes involving apparently normal enterocytes at the interface of the basal domain of villar epithelia and lamina propria. Although the pathological changes in the intestinal tissues observed in our trials appear to be rather subtle when compared to field cases of NE, the nature of these lesions suggest a significant negative effect on the digestive physiology of intestinal mucosa.     

饲料中添加重组鱼生长激素对罗非鱼鱼种的促生长作用研究

采用基因工程菌ＥｃｏｌｉＤＨ５ａ（ｐＢＶＧＨ１８）生产重组鲑鱼生长激素。经初步纯化后作为添加剂投喂罗非鱼鱼种。实验结果表明,应用基因工程生产的重组鲑鱼生长激素具有生物学活性,能够通过口服经肠道被鱼体吸收,具有很强的促进鱼体生长作用。通过改进工艺,降低成本可望能作为饲料添加剂应用于水产养殖业,特别是名贵品种的养殖