Comparison of the immune responses induced by oral immunization of mice with Lactobacillus casei-expressing porcine parvovirus VP2 and VP2 fused to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit protein

The major structural protein VP2 of porcine parvovirus (PPV) was used as the model parvovirus antigen, which has been expressed in Lactobacillus casei fusing with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) as mucosal adjuvant. The VP2-LTB DNA fragment was cloned into vector pPG611 or pPG612 to generated inducible surface-displayed and secretion expression systems based on xylose promoter, designated as rLc:pPG611-VP2-LTB (recombinant L. casei) and rLc:pPG612-VP2-LTB, respectively. Expression of the fusion protein was verified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. It was observed that the level of IgG or sIgA from mice orally immunized with VP2-LTB was higher than that from mice received VP2 and negative control, which demonstrated significantly statistically different. Especially, the titer of IgG or sIgA in mice immunized with rLc:pPG612-VP2-LTB is the highest in this study. In summary, LTB as mucosal adjuvant was able to effectively facilitate induction of mucosal and systemic immunity by L. casei-expressing VP2 fusion protein.     

Oral administration of fasudil hydrochloride suppresses development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect of fasudil hydrochloride by the oral route on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS:The EAE model in female C57BL/6 mice was established by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 peptide(MOG35-55) immunization and the immunized mice were randomly divided into saline control group and fasudil intervention group, in which saline and fasudil were administered by the oral route once every day from post-immunization (PI) day 3 to day 27. Clinical score and body weight were recorded every other day. On PI day 28, the spinal cords were obtained for HE and myelin staining. The splenocytes were isolated and the expression of CD16/32, CD206 and interleukin (IL)-10 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. RESULTS:Oral administration of fasudil delayed the onset of EAE, and attenuated the myelinoclasis of the model animals and the severity of EAE, accompanied by the phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 macrophages, the inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) production and the increase in IL-10 release. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of fasudil exhibits therapeutic effect on the development of EAE possibly through switching M1 macrophages to M2 phenotype and inhibiting inflammatory responses in mice.     

Investigation of the Effects of a Dietary Supplement on Insulin and Adipokine Concentrations in Equine Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Dysregulation

High insulin concentrations are a common clinical feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and insulin dysregulation. Hyperinsulinemia can induce laminitis, so reduction of insulin concentrations in response to an oral challenge should decrease risk. In human studies, diets containing a polyphenol (resveratrol) led to improvements in insulin sensitivity. In rodents, the addition of leucine to a resveratrol supplement caused a decrease in the amount of resveratrol needed to achieve a clinical effect. We hypothesize a supplementation with a low dose of a synergistic polyphenol and amino acid blend including leucine (SPB+L) would improve metabolic health in EMS/insulin dysregulated horses. Fifteen EMS/ID horses received a high or low dose of SPB+ L daily for 6 weeks. Insulin during an oral sugar test (OST), body condition score, weight, baseline high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were assessed before supplementation (PRE) and after supplementation (POST) via paired Student’s t-tests and a repeated-measures mixed-model analysis of variance (significant at P < .05). There were no differences between doses. Horses in the POST group weighed significantly less, had significantly higher baseline HMW adiponectin concentrations, and had significantly lower insulin concentrations at 60- and 75-minute time points (P < .05). Insulin concentrations of the horsesin the POST group, but not in the PRE group, were lower and similar to results from the study conducted three years before the present study (PRIOR) for 0- and 60-minute time points (P < .002). An increased HMW adiponectin level supports increasing insulin sensitivity after supplementation. These results suggest that SPB + L supplementation at either dose leads to improvements in the clinical manifestations of EMS/insulin dysregulation, potentially reducing laminitis risk.     

Comparative responses to sodium selenite and organic selenium supplements in Belgian Blue cows and calves

Belgian Blue (BB) beef cattle is particularly prone to selenium (Se) deficiency due to the poor Se content of soil and roughages on rearing farms and the higher requirements of this hypermuscled breed. The goal of this trial was to compare the effects of different forms and concentrations of Se supplementation on Se status, health and performance in 60 pregnant Se-deficient BB cows. Cows were allocated to 3 experimental groups receiving selenized-yeast at 0.5 ppm Se on total ration (Y–Se 0.5), Na–selenite at 0.5 ppm Se on total ration (Na–Se 0.5) and Na–selenite at 0.1 ppm Se on total ration (Na–Se 0.1), respectively. Cows were supplemented from 2 months before calving until 2 months after calving. Data on performance, health and Se status of the dams and their calves were analyzed using a linear model, least squares means and logistic regression. At the end of the study, plasmatic Se (pSe) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in cows receiving Y–Se than in cows from other groups. Glutathion-peroxidase in erythrocytes (GSH-pxe) was higher in Y–Se and Na–Se 0.5 than Na–Se 0.1 group (P < 0.01). Se content in colostrum and milk was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Y–Se than other groups. At birth, Se status of calves from group Y–Se was significantly higher than those of other groups (P < 0.01). Plasmatic Se in calves remained higher for 75 days after birth in Y–Se compared to other groups (P < 0.01). Diarrhoea was the most commonly observed disease in the calves and, during the first 15 days of life, diarrhoea occurred in 6%, 21% and 35% of calves from groups Y–Se, Na–Se 0.5 and Na–Se 0.1, respectively. Over the whole 75 days trial period, incidence of diarrhoea was 19, 29 and 65%, respectively. Average daily gain (ADG) in calves born from Y–Se group of cows tended to be higher than in Na–Se 0.5 (P = 0.06) and Na–Se 0.1 (P < 0.05) but there was no difference between Na–Se 0.5 and Na–Se 0.1 (P > 0.1). At the same dosage, Y–Se conferred better Se status in both dams and their calves than did Na–Se. Requirement of 0.1 ppm Se seems to be insufficient in BB to optimise health and performance. Regarding health status and ADG in calves, Y–Se seems also to result in better performance.     

农业院校英语专业教学现状及改革对策

针对农业院校英语专业的教学现状,提出了农业院校英语专业教学改革的对策,并分析了改革所取得的效果。     

合肥野生动物园袋鼠口鼻腔带菌情况调查

[目的]对合肥野生动物园袋鼠口腔和鼻腔的带菌情况进行调查。[方法]从袋鼠口腔和鼻腔中分离致病菌,并采用细菌形态学和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定。选用14种常用抗菌药物,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。[结果]14份袋鼠口腔样本中均分离到革兰氏阳性球菌,其中12只袋鼠口腔分离到葡萄球菌,占85.7%;从4只袋鼠口腔分离到链球菌,占28.5%;从2只袋鼠口腔同时分离到葡萄球菌和链球菌,占14.3%。同时,从14只袋鼠鼻腔中均分离到葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果表明,ZS-1菌株对磺胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、头孢菌素类、磷霉素类、林可霉素类和四环素类药物敏感。鼻腔中细菌对磷霉素类、喹诺酮类和四环素类药物敏感。口腔中的细菌对14种常用抗菌药物均无耐药性,鼻腔中分离的细菌对卡那霉素、复方新诺明、强力霉素和阿莫西林耐药。[结论]研究结果可为袋鼠口腔和鼻腔细菌感染类疾病的有效防治提供科学依据。     

Study on the Relationship of Taiwan＇s aboriginal oral traditions and written literature

台湾原住民文学包括口传文学与书面文学两部分。口头传统与当代台湾原住民书面文学的关系不单单是源与流的关系,应该说当代台湾原住民书面文学是台湾原住民口头传统历史的叙述的文字发展＂,更是口头传统的历史延伸,两者紧紧地结合在一起,形成了当代台湾原住民文学独一无二的审美气质。     

蒙脱石散治疗肿瘤放化疗引起口腔黏膜炎71例临床分析

目的观察蒙脱石散治疗肿瘤放化疗引起口腔黏膜炎的效果．方法口腔黏膜炎患者71例,随机分为2组,1组为治疗组38例,用蒙脱石散治疗;另1组为对照组33例,用西瓜霜喷剂治疗．对其治疗效果进行比较．结果蒙脱石治疗组显效20例,有效10例,无效8例,总有效率78．9％;西瓜霜喷剂治疗组显效8例,有效10例,无效15例,总有效率54．5％．经统计学分析,蒙脱石组与西瓜霜喷剂组比较,X^2=4．802,P〈0．05,差异具有统计学意义．蒙脱石组疗效明显优于西瓜霜喷剂组,获得满意的效果．结论蒙脱石能迅速覆盖溃疡创面,明显减轻疼痛,促进溃疡愈合,见效快,疗效高,安全、无毒,值得临床推广应用．     

改良低聚果糖口服补液盐对兔腹泻的临床试验

改良低聚果糖口服补液盐,使其具有调节微生态、补充VB1等作用,并应用于临床兔腹泻的防治.在腹泻预防试验中,改良低聚果糖口服补液盐、低聚果糖口服补液盐组和空白对照腹泻发病率分别为3.7%、12%、60%;在腹泻的治疗试验中,改良低聚果糖口服补液盐对腹泻症的治疗有效率达到89.1%;在腹泻和其他药物的治疗对照试验中,改良低聚果糖口服补液盐、低聚果糖口服补液盐组、黄连素组、空白对照,对腹泻症的治疗有效率分别为90.9%、78.9%、58.3%、18.8%.