三峡库区中心镇“一村一品”技术集成研究

根据重庆市万州区龙沙镇的地域特点,以科技为支撑,大力推行＂一村一品＂战略,构建具有库区特色的中心镇,为三峡库区现代农业发展和新农村建设探索有效途径。     

饲料添加剂对人畜健康的影响

文章主要讲述了饲料添加剂对人类和动物的影响,并且提出了减少饲料添加剂对人畜健康造成危害的措施。     

“一带一路”对现代农业建设的推动作用——以江苏省为例

以江苏省,分析“一带一路”对现代农业建设的推动作用.研究了“一带一路”国际农业合作示范区的现实条件与机遇,并提出了创建示范区的主要思路.     

Electrophoretic comparison of the genomes of North American bluetongue viruses, one Australian bluetongue virus, and three other related orbiviruses

The genomes of U.S. bluetongue viruses, an Australian bluetongue virus, and three other related orbiviruses were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genomes were comprised of ten segments of double-stranded (ds) RNA. Estimates of the molecular weights of the dsRNA segments revealed that the U.S. bluetongue serotypes were remarkably similar. Although the dsRNA profiles of the viruses exhibited common segments, each virus had a distinct dsRNA profile. The usefulness of the genome analysis as a diagnostic tool for identification and for epidemiologic studies is discussed.     

1日龄火鸡新城疫LaSota苗与灭活苗联合接种后的免疫应答

火鸡１日龄时用新城疫ＬａＳｏｔａ苗与油乳剂灭活苗联合免疫后，在７、１４、２１、３５日龄及攻毒后，检测了火鸡免疫器官组织法氏囊、胸腺、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺中浆细胞、ＴＡＮＡＥ＋＿数量变化。结果表明：免疫火鸡法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺的浆细胞明显增多，机体体液免疫应答显著增强；胸腺、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺中ＴＡＮＡＥ＋也程度不同地增多，细胞免疫应答也明显增强，免疫后６０ｄ，用新城疫苗强毒攻击，免疫火鸡获得了良好的保护。     

Dual potential of microalgae as a sustainable biofuel feedstock and animal feed

The rise in global population has led to explorations of alternative sources of energy and food. Because corn and soybean are staple food crops for humans, their common use as the main source of dietary energy and protein for food-producing animals directly competes with their allocation for human consumption. Alternatively, de-fatted marine microalgal biomass generated from the potential biofuel production may be a viable replacement of corn and soybean meal due to their high levels of protein, relatively well-balanced amino acid profiles, and rich contents of minerals and vitamins, along with unique bioactive compounds. Although the full-fatted (intact) microalgae represent the main source of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids including docohexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the de-fatted microalgal biomass may still contain good amounts of these components for enriching DHA/EPA in eggs, meats, and milk. This review is written to highlight the necessity and potential of using the de-fatted microalgal biomass as a new generation of animal feed in helping address the global energy, food, and environmental issues. Nutritional feasibility and limitation of the biomass as the new feed ingredient for simple-stomached species are elaborated. Potential applications of the biomass for generating value-added animal products are also explored.     

花粉污染对人体健康的影响

利用天津市气象局1999～2007年花粉观测数据、中国气传致敏花粉调查资料、天津市胸科医院、公安医院2001～2005年花粉过敏皮试阳性病例资料,分析了花粉污染分布规律及花粉与花粉症的特点,为花粉污染及花粉症的有效预防提出了建议。     

国家库保存小麦种质种传真菌检测

【目的】了解国家种质库存小麦的主要寄藏真菌，评价不同地域来源的小麦种质健康状况。【方法】运用吸水纸法、平皿测定法和洗涤法检测了共1465份库存小麦种质。【结果】在来自陕西、河北和青海的712份小麦种质中，通过吸水纸法共检测到17属近40种真菌，其中陕西小麦种质上的优势菌群主要是交链孢（Alternaria）、根霉属（Rhizopus）、青霉属（Penicillium）、曲霉属（Xspergillus）、离蠕孢属（Bipolaris）、芽枝霉属（Cladosporium）、膝葡孢属（Gonatobotrys）和毛壳霉属（Chaetomium）等，河北区小麦的优势菌群为交链孢、根霉属、青霉属、曲霉属、离蠕孢属、芽枝霉属和镰刀菌等，青海区小麦种子携带的真菌主要是交链孢、根霉属、离蠕孢属、芽枝霉属和聚端孢属（Trichothecium）等；在供试材料中检测到对种子存活力具有严重破坏作用的病原菌有串珠镰刀菌（Fusarium mortiliforme）、节状离蠕孢（Bipolaris nodulosa）、草本芽枝霉（Cladosporium herbarum）等。通过平皿测定法在353份陕西小麦材料中检测到16属25种真菌，较为常见的几类真菌是交链孢属、曲霉属、离蠕孢属、膝葡孢属（Gonatobotrys）、青霉属、镰刀菌等。运用洗涤法在400份小麦种质中检出6份带有小麦条黑粉菌（Ustjlago tritici）的材料，在陕西小麦材料中占1．3％，河北材料中占2．0％。【结论】在小麦种质中共检测到19个属真菌，大部分为腐生菌，少数属弱寄生菌，对种子存活力具有不同程度的影响。     

Rye phenolics in nutrition and health

Dietary intake of whole-grain foods is associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and heart disease. In addition to dietary fibre, various phytochemicals have been suggested to contribute to the health effects of whole grain products. This review focuses on phenolic compounds in rye (Secale cereale L.), which is one of the major bread grains in Europe. Data on phenolic concentrations in rye grain and foods, their bioavailability to tissues and effects in vivo, and their potential contributions to health are presented. Phenolic compounds in rye, such as phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols and lignans, are concentrated in the outer layers of the grain. Phenolic acids are the major phenolic compounds in whole grain rye (103–300 mg/100 g grain), ferulic acid being the most abundant. Rye lignans are present at concentrations of 2 mg/100 g grain and had been shown to be converted by the intestinal microflora to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone in human intervention studies. Alkylresorcinols (36–320 mg/100 g grain), which have been found to be incorporated into human erythrocyte membranes, are of particular interest due to their potential use as biomarkers of the intake of rye and wheat.     

Strategies for increasing the selenium content of wheat

Selenium (Se) is essential for humans and animals but has no known function in plants. Excess accumulation is toxic to both plants and animals. Dietary intake of Se is low in a large number of people worldwide. This is due to low bioavailability of Se in some soils and consequently low concentrations of Se in plant tissues.Both selenate and selenite are taken up by plants and subsequently translocated around the plant. Selenate, an analogue of sulphate, is transported by the sulphate transporter family. Some plants are able to accumulate high internal concentrations of Se (hyperaccumulators); however, genetic variation in accumulation ability amongst non-accumulators such as cereals, is relatively small.Within plant tissues, Se enters the pathways for sulphate assimilation and metabolism and will replace cysteine and methionine in proteins, often with detrimental effect. Alternatively, Se may be accumulated as methylated derivatives or lost from the plant following volatilisation.Agronomic biofortification of crops with Se-containing fertilisers, which is practised in some countries, provides the best short-term solution for improving Se content of wheat. Longer-term genetic improvement, particularly by targeting substrate discrimination of transporters between selenate and sulphate, for example, may provide a means to enhance uptake and promote accumulation.