百里杜鹃杜鹃属13种植物叶片解剖结构的生态适应性

贵州百里杜鹃国家森林公园是现已发现的世界上最大且连续分布的天然野生杜鹃花群落。依托生物显微制片技术、数理统计分析方法,研究了采集自百里杜鹃林区的13种杜鹃属植物的叶片解剖特征及其生态适应性,并对其解剖结构特征进行了聚类分析及因子分析。结果表明：①叶片不同解剖性状在种、种群间的变化不同步,其中叶片的海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度、中脉厚度、栅海厚度比以及第1层上表皮细胞长宽比几项解剖特征变异幅度〉50％,显示这些性状更易受环境饰变,是生态适应性状;而气孔密度、气孔长宽比等性状差异小,属相对稳定的系统演替性状。②马银花、光柱迷人杜鹃等具有发达的机械组织,显示对干燥环境的适应;而迷人杜鹃、银叶杜鹃等海绵组织发达,显示对中高山凉湿环境的适应。③叶片解剖结构在种间、种群间有不同程度差异,这是它们适应各自生境的结果。映山红种内差异较大,反映出它对环境变化有较强的响应能力。④主因子聚类分析结果将研究的13种杜鹃属植物分为3类,分类与杜鹃属在系统学上的分类一致。     

岚皋县魔芋“一县一业”建设存在的问题与对策

岚皋县依托丰富的魔芋资源,以市场为导向,大力发展魔芋产业,变资源优势为产业和品牌优势,魔芋逐步成为具有区域特色的产业链,成为促进农民增收、农村发展、财政增长的重要支撑和核心力量。通过分析岚皋县魔芋"一县一业"建设现状,提出了对策建议。     

雄鸡养生保健价值探讨

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对雄鸡的品种、成分、养生保健价值及饮食注意事项进行了综述,为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

小溪港·望虞河对贡湖湾水质及微囊藻毒素-LR的影响

[目的]考察贡湖湾入湖河道对贡湖湾水质及MC-LR的影响。[方法]对贡湖水体及其主要入湖河道小溪港、望虞河进行了为期1年的水质监测(2014年6月—2015年5月),分析了高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、溶解氧(DO)及微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的时空分布特征。利用美国EPA推荐的模型——健康风险评价"四步法"对MC-LR进行非致癌评价。并采用SPSS软件分析了MC-LR与典型环境因子之间的相关性。[结果]研究区域内TN、TP是主要特征污染物,小溪港和望虞河水质氮、磷含量高于贡湖湾内部,小溪港、望虞河和贡湖湾内部MC-LR平均浓度分别为0.47、0.46和0.38μg/L,入湖河流对贡湖湾水质污染有一定贡献。MC-LR的健康风险值HIcgw在0.11~0.38,远低于基准值。MC-LR与TP呈显著正相关(P0.05)(R2=0.628);与TN呈正相关,但相关性不显著。TP可能是影响MC-LR生成的主要因素。[结论]贡湖湾水体的主要超标因子为氮和磷,并存在一定浓度MC-LR,有一定的健康风险。今后需控制营养盐浓度,从而控制MC-LR的健康风险。     

Ope Pot Synthesis and Characterization of Safener R-28725

The title compound was synthesized by a one pot synthesis method with ethanolamine,ketone and dichloroacetyl chloride.The product was characterization by IR,^1H-NMR,UV,and elementary analysis.     

Strategies for increasing the selenium content of wheat

Selenium (Se) is essential for humans and animals but has no known function in plants. Excess accumulation is toxic to both plants and animals. Dietary intake of Se is low in a large number of people worldwide. This is due to low bioavailability of Se in some soils and consequently low concentrations of Se in plant tissues.Both selenate and selenite are taken up by plants and subsequently translocated around the plant. Selenate, an analogue of sulphate, is transported by the sulphate transporter family. Some plants are able to accumulate high internal concentrations of Se (hyperaccumulators); however, genetic variation in accumulation ability amongst non-accumulators such as cereals, is relatively small.Within plant tissues, Se enters the pathways for sulphate assimilation and metabolism and will replace cysteine and methionine in proteins, often with detrimental effect. Alternatively, Se may be accumulated as methylated derivatives or lost from the plant following volatilisation.Agronomic biofortification of crops with Se-containing fertilisers, which is practised in some countries, provides the best short-term solution for improving Se content of wheat. Longer-term genetic improvement, particularly by targeting substrate discrimination of transporters between selenate and sulphate, for example, may provide a means to enhance uptake and promote accumulation.     

Consumer perception versus scientific evidence of farmed and wild fish: exploratory insights from Belgium

The increasing number of marketable fish being supplied from aquaculture is a response to the increasing demand for healthy food and is filling the gap left by depleting natural fish stocks. Little is known about the awareness and perception of the consumer in terms of farmed fish versus fish from capture fisheries. The consumer's subjective point of view is of overriding importance for the production system and product acceptance as well as for future market success. In this paper consumer perception in Belgium is explored and compared against scientific evidence of farmed versus wild fish. Primary data were collected through a consumer survey (April 2003) and focus group discussions (May 2004) with Belgian consumers. The majority of the consumer sample reported no perceived differences between farmed versus wild fish. However, mean perception scores were slightly in favour of wild fish on the attributes taste, health and nutritious value, in particular among consumers aged 55 years and older. The availability of farmed fish was perceived to be better than that of wild fish, while the consumer's perception of safety did not differ between farmed and wild fish. The focus group discussions indicated that consumers’ opinions and beliefs about farmed fish are mainly based on emotion and image transfer from intensive terrestrial livestock production rather than on awareness and factual knowledge of aquaculture.

老年人对居住区环境健康效益的认知研究

如何通过居住环境设计提高老年人身心健康水平是当前日趋严峻的老龄化社会面临的紧迫问题。通过选择广州市3种不同品质等级的9个居住小区为研究区域,结合问卷和访谈调查老年人对居住环境的景观品质、空间形态及微气候环境等健康效益的认知特征和差异。结果显示,不同品质居住区中老年人对环境健康效益的认知具有差异,高品质小区和老旧小区中老年人对居住区环境要素的健康效益认知水平总体都表现为微气候环境>空间形态>景观品质,但在具体环境构成因素认知程度方面存在差异;普通小区中老年人对居住区环境要素的健康效益认知水平表现为微气候环境＞景观品质＞空间形态。     

面向老龄化社会的户外环境植物景观与健康效益评价模型建构

为了促进国内基于健康视角下户外植物景观可量化评价机制的形成与完善,归纳总结了健康景观以及普通植物景观中广泛存在的对人身心健康有促进作用的因素——植物的健康效益。从植物景观对人身心健康的影响机制手,分析户外景观环境中健康性要素构成,深入探究植物景观与老年人身心健康的作用机理,并初步构建了基于植物健康效益的适老性户外植物景观评价指标体系。     

保持公羊精液卫生无菌的措施

公羊包皮、四肢被毛、母台羊、采精及精液处理环境条件、饲养条件、人员操作、精液稀释液等十大因素可能是造成精液污染的主要因素。因此,必须从上述各方面采取技术措施保持精液卫生无菌。