新疆绿洲生态经济类型划分的初步研究--以北疆地区为例

以新疆北疆地区为例,以近年来新疆统计资料为主要依据,运用多元统计中的主成分分析法、聚类分析法,对北疆39个市县进行生态经济类型的划分,根据指标选取原则并结合北疆地区实际特点,建立指标体系,首先用主成分分析法对原始数据进行筛选,然后用聚类分析方法将北疆39个市县划分为8种类型,最后对各类型生态经济现状进行了分析、评价和概述。为系统的认识和评价新疆各地区生态经济发展状况提供科学依据。     

奥尼罗非鱼肌肉营养成分分析和营养价值评定

为了解奥尼罗非鱼肌肉营养价值,用常规方法分析奥尼罗非鱼肌肉中营养成分组成与含量。结果显示,奥尼罗非鱼肌肉中水分含量为77.90%,蛋白质为18.70%,粗脂肪为2. 65%,灰分含量为1.09%。肌肉中共检测出17种氨基酸(除色氨酸),总量为16.90%（占鲜样%）,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为67.68,基本符合FAO/WHO的标准。根据AAS的评分标准得出,奥尼罗非鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸和胱氨酸)。而CS的评分结果表明奥尼罗非鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸和胱氨酸),苏氨酸为第二限制性氨基酸。此外,鲜味氨基酸(天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)含量较高占氨基酸总量的39.11%?。通过研究表明奥尼罗非鱼是一种味道鲜美、食用价值与保健作用较高的鱼类。     

不同前处理对苹果渣中酚类含量及其抗氧化活性的影响

以酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性为测定指标,研究不同前处理方法对苹果渣中酚类含量及其抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明,苹果渣用0.1%柠檬酸浸泡抑制酚酶活性后,干燥和提取条件与烫漂处理的相同,类黄酮的含量为6 127(μg芦丁/g干重),黄烷醇的含量为3 481(μg儿茶素/g干重),抗氧化活性抑制率88.461%.     

穗离体培养下温度对小麦蛋白质及其组分和产量性状的影响

本实验采用穗离体培养的方法研究了不同培养温度对小麦蛋白质及其组分和小麦产量性状的影响.试验表明:在扬花前3天至乳熟期间,温度对小麦籽粒总蛋白质的含量影响不大,但对蛋白质组分影响较大,低温有利于清蛋白的形成,高温有利于醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的形成;同时试验还表明低温条件下小麦茎杆总蛋白含量高于高温培养下的茎杆含量;不同培养温度对小麦结实率和粒重也有影响,小麦1.2小花和整穗可见花结实率随温度增高而上升,到20℃时达到最大,分别为96.36%和72.11%,百粒重随温度的升高而增大,呈线性相关,相关系数为0.974013.另外本试验还对受温度影响的13个指标进行了因子分析,分析结果表明13个指标可以压缩为3个因子,因子1可以命名为产量因子,决定总变异的48.045 4%,因子2和因子3可合称为蛋白质组分和粒重因子决定总变异的51.9546%.     

过饱和持水时间和温度对固形基质浸液成分的影响

将木屑、砻糠、草屑、泥炭、风化煤和鸡粪6种不同物料置于不同温度下浸水后取其滤液,分析其铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷以及可溶性的5种金属元素(钾、钙、镁、钠、铁)的含量,为调整营养液配方提供依据。几种物料浸液中的矿质元素在108 h以后基本趋于稳定。高温利于氮素释放,使有效氮含量峰值出现提早;在氮素形态上,木屑等5种物料主要以铵态氮的形式释放,而泥炭则主要以硝态氮的形式释放。浸液中有效磷含量的相对稳定值有所不同,在不同物料上表现为:鸡粪>木屑>砻糠>草屑>泥炭>风化煤;浸液中不同温度、不同时间下的有效金属元素含量基本保持稳定,只有K 含量随温度的升高变化较为明显。根据研究结果,在忽略复合后基质间影响的情况下,建议复合基质浸水7 d后待浸液中各矿质养分含量稳定,初步按下列公式调整营养液,C调=C理-C浸液使基质内各成分含量稳定在理想状态,以后营养液管理仍按原配方添加营养液。     

The genetic relationship between popping expansion volume and two yield components in popcorn using unconditional and conditional QTL analysis

Popping expansion volume (PEV) is the most important quality trait in popcorn, while its germplasm is inferior to normal dent/flint corn in yield. In this study, 259 F_2:3 families, developed from the cross between a dent corn inbred Dan232 and a popcorn inbred N04, were evaluated for their PEV, grain weight per plant (GWP) and 100-grain weight (100 GW) in two environments. The genetic relationship between PEV and GWP, and 100 GW on individual gene loci were evaluated using unconditional and conditional QTL mapping methods. In total, five, one and three unconditional QTL were identified for PEV, GWP, and 100 GW, respectively. The positive alleles of all QTL for PEV were from N04, while positive alleles of all QTL for GWP and 100 GW were from Dan232. In conditional mapping, one and two QTL failed to be detected, and all four additional QTL were detected. Nevertheless, three QTL were identified, which controlled PEV independently from GWP/100 GW. They seemed to be potential candidates in popcorn breeding to increase PEV without decreasing GWP/100 GW. The results suggested that for significantly correlated traits, the conditional QTL mapping method could be used to dissect the genetic interrelationship between traits at the level of individual QTL, as well as reveal additional QTL that were undetectable by unconditional mapping.     

干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁组分体外对巨噬细胞活性的影响

探讨干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁组分体外对小鼠巨噬细胞功能的影响。以培养液单纯培养小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞作为对照,研究干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁主要组分磷壁酸和肽聚糖对RAW264.7细胞代谢水平、吞噬中性红能力及释放NO的影响。不同浓度磷壁酸和肽聚糖对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞代谢MTT能力、吞噬中性红能力有明显增强作用,并呈一定的剂量效应,在相同质量浓度时,两种细胞壁组分激活巨噬细胞能力无显著差异。同时诱导产生NO量也随着浓度增大而增加,当浓度达到50μg/mL时,磷壁酸诱导能力显现出较高的水平。干酪乳杆菌LC2W细胞壁主要组分磷壁酸和肽聚糖能激活小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞,提高其代谢水平及吞噬能力,同时可诱导具有杀瘤作用的活性因子,并具有一定的剂量效应。     

云南普洱茶感官品质与内含成份关系研究

在云南不同地区选择具有一定生产规模的5家云南普洱茶生产企业,到厂现场进行普洱饼茶随机取样,共取样6个;在云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所进行感官审评,在云南农业大学普洱茶学院进行内含成份分析,研究云南普洱茶感官品质与内含成份的关系,为云南普洱茶的规范生产和持续健康发展提供参考。结果表明：水浸出物含量的高低直接影响普洱茶的品质,并与普洱茶的汤色、浓度、滋味密切相关;茶多酚含量相对较高的茶样其感官品质均高于茶多酚含量相对较低的茶样;咖啡碱含量和糖类物质含量对云南普洱茶的感官品质的影响不是主要因子,但可以适度增进云南普洱茶的内质。     

Identification of QTLs associated with salinity tolerance at late growth stage in barley

Salinity is a major abiotic stress to barley (Hordum vulgare L.) growth and yield. In the current study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield and physiological components at the late growth stage under salt stress and non-stress environments were determined in barley using a double haploid population derived from a cross between CM72 (salt-tolerant) and Gairdner (salt-sensitive). A total of 30 QTLs for 10 traits, including tiller numbers (TN), plant height, spikes per line (SPL), spikes per plant (SPP), dry weight per plant, grains per plant, grain yield, shoot Na⁺ (NA) and K⁺ concentraitions (K) in shoot, and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio (NAK), were detected, with 17 and 13 QTLs under non-stress and salt stress, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 3.25 to 29.81%. QTL flanked by markers bPb-1278 and bPb-8437 on chromosomes 4H was associated with TN, SPL, and SPP under salt stress. This locus may be useful in the breeding program of marker-assisted selection for improving salt tolerance of barley. However, QTLs associated with NA, K, and NAK differed greatly between non-stress and salt stress environments. It may be suggested that only the QTLs detected under salt stress are really associated with salt tolerance in barley. D. Xue and Y. Huang contributed equally to the article.     

播种方式对不同类型小麦品种产量性状的影响

在不同种植方式下,对豫麦１８号、豫麦２１号、豫麦４９号、９３中６等４个不同类型小麦品种的产量构成因素进行了研究。结果表明,等行距与宽窄行之间产量无明显差异,低播量、高播量下差异均达极显著水平。叶面积系数从开花到乳熟都呈下降趋势,只有９３中６呈上升趋势,豫麦２１号、豫麦４９号、豫麦１８号间无差异。豫麦１８号灌浆速度最快,豫麦２１号最慢,豫麦４９号和９３中６相比,前者前期灌浆快,后者一期灌浆快,９３中６硝酸还原酶活性最高。豫麦１８号次之,豫麦２１号第３,豫麦４９号最低。