郴州市典型土壤的发生特性及其在中国土壤系统分类的归属

为了探明湖南省郴州市典型土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,选取郴州市8个典型土壤剖面,通过查阅资料、野外调查取样和室内分析,参照《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》和中国土壤系统分类土族和土系的划分标准,确定其诊断层、诊断特性及在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明:8个典型供试土壤剖面含有暗瘠表层、淡薄表层、黏化层、低活性富铁层、雏形层5个诊断层,铁质特性、铝质现象、准石质接触面、土壤水分状况(常湿润、湿润)、土壤温度状况(热性)5个诊断特性与现象;由此检索出富铁土、淋溶土、雏形土、新成土4个土纲;湿润富铁土、湿润淋溶土、常湿雏形土、湿润雏形土、正常新成土5个亚纲;黏化湿润富铁土、铝质湿润淋溶土、铁质湿润淋溶土、酸性常湿雏形土、铁质湿润雏形土、湿润正常新成土6个土类;普通黏化湿润富铁土、普通铝质湿润淋溶土、红色铁质湿润淋溶土、铁质酸性常湿雏形土、红色铁质湿润雏形土、普通铁质湿润雏形土、普通湿润正常新成土7个亚类;黏壤质硅质混合型酸性热性—普通铁质湿润雏形土等8个土族;建立了上洞系(43-CZ01)、五一系(43-CZ02)等8个土系。此研究实现了郴州市典型土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,对中国土壤系统分类中的土壤水分状况提出建议;增添了郴州市多种类型土壤的基础属性信息,为土壤调查制图和农业生产指导等提供了依据。     

鸭肝炎病毒的分子生物学研究进展

鸭病毒性肝炎（duck viral hepatitis,DVH）是由鸭肝炎病毒（duck hepatitis virus,DHV）引起雏鸭的一种高度致死性、传播迅速的传染病,是危害养鸭业的主要疫病之一。该病虽然已出现和流行半个多世纪,但直到2006年才测定出该病病原的全基因组序列,而且关于该病原的蛋白功能、病毒与宿主之间的相互作用、分子致病机理和新型疫苗的研发等方面研究非常少。因此,研究该病毒的分子生物学具有重要意义。文章对Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒（DHV-1）和新型DHV的基因组结构及其功能、遗传进化和分子诊断技术等方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在为从事该领域的科研工作者提供参考信息。     

Seasonality of nuclear abnormalities in gilthead sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sparus aurata</Emphasis> (L.) erythrocytes

The frequencies of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities, such as irregularly shaped (ISN), vacuolated nuclei (VN), binucleated cells (BN), including micronuclei (MN), were monitored in the peripheral blood of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) from the southern Adriatic Sea (Croatia) and assessed for a relation to seasonality. Fish were sampled in February, April, June, and September. The lowest frequencies of ISN and MN were measured in April, and the lowest frequencies of VN and BN were found in February. The highest values of ISN and BN were detected in September. The highest values of MN and the most frequent occurrence of VN occurred in June and April, respectively. The Spearman rank order correlation test revealed a significant positive correlation between the frequencies of ISN, BN and MN; VN did not correlate with any of the measured parameters. The ISN had significantly higher nuclear surface area values than normal nuclei (P < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that the measured parameters displayed a distinct seasonality. Consequently, we conclude that seasonal variations should be taken into account when nuclear abnormalities are used as biomarkers. This variation should be well understood in order to successfully separate true contamination effects from seasonal factors that have the potential to affect the frequency and occurrence of nuclear abnormalities.     

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification: an emerging technology for detection of fish and shellfish pathogens

Fish and shellfish diseases are a constant threat to the sustainability and economic viability of aquaculture. Early diagnosis plays a vital role in management of fish and shellfish diseases. Traditionally, various biochemical and serological tests have been used for fish disease diagnosis. However, the time and expertise required for such diagnoses makes it difficult for aquaculturists to easily adopt them under production conditions. Polymerase chain reaction and probe-based nucleic acid detection have become increasingly popular in fish and shellfish diagnostics. Recently, a novel technique called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been developed, which is highly sensitive and rapid. LAMP has been used for the detection of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic diseases in both animal and plants. In aquaculture, LAMP-based detection of pathogens like Edwardsiella tarda, E. ictaluri, Nocardia seriolae, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, white spot syndrome virus and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus have been reported. In this review, the application of LAMP for the detection of aquaculture-associated pathogens is discussed.     

利用多普勒超声诊断技术识别黄鳝内部器官

多普勒超声诊断是一种无创伤性的检查方法,能在不损伤机体下诊断内脏器官,现已广泛应用于人类医学疾病的诊断和畜牧领域,而在水产业应用很少。本试验用多普勒超声诊断仪观察黄鳝Monopterus albus的性腺发育和内脏器官形态,记录观测结果,分析超声影像,做出合理的判断。     

Pancreas disease (PD) in sea‐reared Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., in Norway; a prospective,longitudinal study of disease development and agreement between diagnostic test results

A prospective longitudinal study was performed on three cages at each of three Norwegian Atlantic salmon seawater sites that experienced outbreaks of pancreas disease (PD). Once salmonid alphavirus (SAV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) was detected by real‐time RT‐PCR (Rt RT‐PCR) at a site, it became detected in all studied cages and was persistently found until the end of the study period up to 19 months after first detection. SAV‐specific antibodies were detected at all sites until the end of the study period and were also found at a high prevalence in broodfish at the time of stripping. No evidence of increased viral activity was detected in these broodfish. One site tested negative over several months prior to the first detection of SAV by Rt RT‐PCR and SAV‐specific antibody, which occurred 1 month prior to clinical manifestations of PD. Moribund fish or thin fish/runts that were sampled after the first PD diagnosis had almost twice the risk of testing positive by one or more diagnostic tests compared to that of randomly selected apparently healthy individuals. This paper describes the first detailed investigation of the disease development of PD at site and cage level in Norway, as well as an assessment of the performance and agreement of the commonly used diagnostic tests.     

缺镁对水稻生理代谢的影响及诊断指标研究

水培和田间取样分析研究结果表明：培养液含Ｍｇ￣（２＋）≥４μｇ／ｍＬ，水稻生长正常；２μＬｇ／ｍＬ为缺镁，生长受抑，减产１２．６８％；无镁（ＣＫ）则中途死亡。分蘖期无镁和缺镁水稻叶绿素含量分别下降９２．４％和３６．７％，光合速率下降３７．５％和２０．６％，水稻根、茎、叶及不同叶位叶的含镁量与供镁浓度都呈良好的正相关，作为诊断其适宜部位是下位叶．以水稻地上部含镁量（拔节期）与生长量求得的缺镁“临界浓度（临界值）”为Ｍｇ０．１１％左右。