肠道消化吸收相关因子对大黄鱼生长速度的影响

为了分析大黄鱼Pseudosciaena croce在人工养殖过程中,常常出现同一批次鱼苗在相同养殖条件下个体差异明显、部分鱼生长速度缓慢的原因,试验选取福州市连江县某鱼场同一网箱内同一批次投放的鱼苗,根据个体大小分组,体质量为60~100 g的为生长正常组,体质量为10~40 g的为生长缓慢组,在相同养殖条件下饲喂300 d,试验结束时,采用消化酶活性检测、荧光定量PCR和石蜡组织切片3种方法,分别测定大黄鱼肠道的消化酶活性和菌群数量,观察肠道的组织形态学变化并进行对比分析。结果表明:两组鱼的各种消化酶活性均无显著性差异(P0.05);在生长缓慢组鱼肠道内,酵母菌和弧菌等兼性厌氧菌数量高于生长正常组,且两组之间酵母菌数量有显著性差异(P0.05);生长正常组鱼肠道绒毛密集、修长且完整,而生长缓慢组鱼肠道绒毛稀疏,有大量损伤,前肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量显著高于生长正常组(P0.05)。研究表明,大黄鱼鱼群生长速度与肠道菌群及肠绒毛状态有关,而与肠道消化酶活性无关。     

蔷薇科2种广东省新记录植物简报

报道了广东省蔷薇科2种新记录植物,分别为福建悬钩子Rubus fujianensis Yu et L(u)、毛叶石楠Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC.,标本存放于华南农业大学林学院植物标本室(CANT).     

内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区维管束植物区系研究

本研究通过对赛罕乌拉自然保护区植物进行调查,并对该区植物地理区系进行研究,在植物调查和标本采集的基础上,从科、属、种3个层次对植物区系的组成特点,地理分布规律等进行分析.结果表明:该植物区系物种多样性丰富,保护区内共有维管植物792种(包括8亚种、48变种、2变型),隶属于348属,91科,其中被子植物占主导地位.优势科明显,中生植物种类丰富.生活型以多年生草本植物占优势.分布区类型多样,地理成分复杂.温带成分明显,并与其他成分有较广泛的联系,过渡性突出.     

江西铜钹山自然保护区种子植物区系初步研究

对江西铜钹山自然保护区种子植物的组成、分布区类型和区系特征进行统计分析,结果表明:分布区的种子植物共计156科610属1 328种,其中裸子植物5科10属13种,被子植物151科600属1 315种。含20种以上的科共16科,单、寡种属共554属,其区系地理成分复杂,在植物区系组成中具有重要作用。在科的分布区类型中,泛热带分布科居多,共68科;其次是世界分布科,共29科。在属和种的分布区类型中,都是泛热带分布最多,北温带分布次之,说明该区的植物区系有明显的过渡性质。     

景谷县植物多样性调查

在分析景谷县的有关植物研究基础后,记载了景谷县森林植被,国家珍稀濒危保护植物,统计了全县植物种类数量,在此基础上分析了主要经济植物资源,并讨论了确定了景谷县森林植物区系敏感区的原则,根据其原则确定景谷县威远江流域、小黑江流域等７个地区为景谷县森林植物区系敏感区。     

Improvement of the traditional method of ogiri production and identification of the micro-organisms associated with the fermentation process

Fermented products were developed from different proportions of melon (Citrullus vulgaris schrad) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) seeds after a 96 hour fermentation period. Proximate analysis, carried out on both fermented and unfermented samples, indicated that only the total carbohydrate content was appreciably reduced by the fermentation process. Micro-organisms responsible for fermentation were identified by gram staining and lactophenol staining, as bacteria and fungi. Identified bacteria were of the Bacillus and Acinetobacter species while the fungi were yeasts, rhizopus and mucor. Samples containing 50–100% melon showed a decrease in pH with increasing fermentation period. Bacteria were largely responsible in samples containing up to 75% groundnuts. Sensory analysis of dried fermented products after fortification with salt, ascorbic acid and flour indicated that they were acceptable.     

Bacterial diversity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in brackish water in Saudi Arabia

The bacterial flora occurring in brackish pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of healthy tilapia cultured in Saudi Arabia were estimated both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the isolates were identified to genus or species level. Total viable count of bacteria ranged from 1.4±1.5×10³ to 8.6±2.7×10³ cfu ml⁻¹; 1.2±3.1×10⁶ to 7.3±1.1×10⁷ cfu g⁻¹; 8.7±1.9×10⁵ to 2.1±0.9×10⁶ cfu g⁻¹; and 2.8±2.4×10⁷ to 1.0±1.6×10⁸ cfu g⁻¹ in the pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of brackish water tilapia, respectively. In total, 19 bacterial species were identified. The bacteria were predominantly Gram-negative rods (87%). Pond water and sediment bacteria influenced the bacterial composition of gills and intestine of tilapia. In contrast to gill bacteria, more diversification was observed in intestinal bacteria. The predominant (prevalence >10%) bacterial species were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio carchariae, Vibrio alginolyticus, Chryseomonas sp., Vibrio vulnificus, and Streptococcus sp. in all the populations with the exception of the sediment population where Streptococcus sp. was replaced by Shewanella putrefaciens. Vibrio spp. (58% of the total isolates) dominated the total bacterial population.     

普通玉米品质育种的现状分析与综合评价

本文通过对1998～2001年国审品种品质现状分析和比较,初步探明我国近年来普通玉米的个别品质性状有所改善.综合平均来看,淀粉含量在逐年提高,而蛋白质含量有缓慢下降的趋势,脂肪含量逐步提高,赖氨酸含量则基本稳定在一个较低的水平.提出了改善和提高普通玉米品质的几点建议,以供育种者参考。     

抗菌肽对育成期母貂生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在探究抗菌肽对育成期母貂生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道菌群的影响。选取65日龄体重相近的短毛黑母貂60只,随机分为6组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。各组饲粮中分别添加0(对照组)、100、200、300、400、500 mg/kg的抗菌肽(天蚕素活性多肽)。预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明：1)与对照组相比,200 mg/kg抗菌肽添加组末重、平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),100、200、400、500 mg/kg抗菌肽添加组体长显著升高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,200、300、400 mg/kg抗菌肽添加组1～5周粗蛋白质表观消化率显著升高(P<0.05),100、200、300、400 mg/kg抗菌肽添加组6～8周粗脂肪表观消化率显著升高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,200、300 mg/kg抗菌肽添加组Ace指数显著升高(P<0.05),300 mg/kg抗菌肽添加组Chao1指数显著升高(P<0.05)。在门水平上,与对照组相比,100、200 mg/kg抗菌肽添加组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著升高(P<0.0...     

洱海流域湿地水生被子植物区系研究

2009年开展了洱海流域水生被子植物区系研究,共发现38科、76属、100种。从科、属、种3个层面看,热带类群占显著优势,这与洱海流域所处的气候带相一致。世界分布种多为建群种和优势种。对比以前的调查结果,洱海流域水生植物资源显著退化,物种多样性显著下降,特别是特有种和珍稀濒危物种匮乏,仅有1种;外来入侵种呈进一步扩大趋势。针对以上特点,预测洱海流域水生被子植物未来从数量和种类上将进一步减少,入侵种危害程度将进一步扩大,对流域的生态保护迫在眉睫。