马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒(D、CPV)混剂的研究

马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒（D、CPV）混剂的研究结果表明，在3种药剂的9个组合中，以A1B1C1组合防治效果最好，在林间防治中，平均校正虫口下降率达97．3％，比单一使用病毒（浓度为2×107CPB／ml）的平均校正虫口下降率（80％）提高17．3％。     

AT型载体活性炭吸附抗癌药物试验

AT型活性炭经气流粉碎制成平均粒径0．70μm左右，AT－C1活性炭比表面积1847m2／g，孔半径＜2nm为72．9％，其吸附力每克可吸附顺铂641mg、卡铂795mg、丝裂霉素590mg；AT－C2活性炭比表面积1400m2／g，孔半径＜2nm占54．9％，但中、大孔含量较多，测定顺铂AT-C130min、60min及120min脱吸附率分别为5．6％、9．8％及11．3％。     

兽药残留免疫检测技术应用进展

免疫检测技术（Immunoassays,IAs)是利用抗原与抗体在体外的特异性反应建立起来的检测技术。兽药属于小分子物质（MW＜1000D），没有免疫原性，必须与大分子物质交联成人工抗原才能获得免疫原性。本文从兽药人工抗原的制备、抗体的制备、免疫检测方法的建立等三个方面对免疫技术在兽药残留检测的应用进行了综述，并展望了兽药免疫检测技术的发展趋势和前景。     

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Ginger roots have been used to treat inflammation and have been reported to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX). Ultrafiltration liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to screen a chloroform partition of a methanol extract of ginger roots for COX-2 ligands, and 10-gingerol, 12-gingerol, 8-shogaol, 10-shogaol, 6-gingerdione, 8-gingerdione, 10-gingerdione, 6-dehydro-10-gingerol, 6-paradol, and 8-paradol bound to the enzyme active site. Purified 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol inhibited COX-2 with IC₅₀ values of 32 μM, 17.5 μM and 7.5 μM, respectively. No inhibition of COX-1 was detected. Therefore, 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol inhibit COX-2 but not COX-1, which can explain, in part, the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger.     

乌鲁木齐地区不同健康状态和饲养环境中宠物源沙门菌耐药特征分析

为探究不同健康状态和不同饲养环境下沙门菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况及耐药基因携带情况,采用琼脂稀释法对健康与患病、家养与流浪宠物粪样中分离出的99株沙门菌进行临床常用12种抗菌药物的耐药性检测;用PCR方法对获得的耐药菌株进行相关耐药基因的检测。结果:分离出的宠物源沙门菌对所有被检的抗菌药物耐药率均未超过10.0%,对头孢噻呋、安普霉素、阿米卡星、卡那霉素和硫酸庆大霉素100%敏感;患病动物源沙门菌对被检抗菌药物的耐药率高于健康动物源沙门菌,家养动物源沙门菌对被检抗菌药物的耐药率高于流浪动物源沙门菌(P<0.05)。耐药基因检测结果显示:floR的检出率为3.0%;ant(3″)-Ia、tetA、tetB检出率均为2.0%;blaTEM、oqxA、aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因检出率均为1.0%,未检出其他被检基因。结果表明,新疆乌鲁木齐市不同健康状态和不同饲养环境下宠物源沙门菌对被检抗菌药物的耐药率及耐药基因携带率低,仅有2株沙门菌存在ant(3″)-Ia+tetA+tetB 3种耐药基因共存情况。根据试验结果发现检出的耐药表型与耐药基因之间存在相关性,可根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物进行临床细菌病的治疗。     

2006-2010年企业申报疫苗类新药情报分析

通过丁香园的丁香通药学频道,检出2006-2010年企业申报疫苗类新药184件,其中病毒类疫苗申报数量明显多于细菌性疫苗申报数量,联合性疫苗申报数量更少,反映了国家在病毒类疫苗的研制和生产方面的投入远多于细菌类疫苗,也间接证明了病毒性传染病对人们健康的威胁远大于细菌性传染病,这为今后疫苗的研发提供了参考,为了解疫苗行业的竞争情报提供了依据。     

Ex vivo COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition in equine blood by phenylbutazone,flunixin meglumine,meloxicam and firocoxib: Informing clinical NSAID selection

Newer cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as firocoxib, are proposed to reduce inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) and avoid undesirable side effects, while continuing to inhibit inflammation associated with COX-2. However, COX selectivity is typically based on in vitro testing, which may not provide sufficient information critical for treatment selection. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and ex vivo COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition of phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib. Horses (n = 3) were administered one of the four drugs, in a randomised cross-over design, with 3-week washout periods. For each drug, three doses were given and sampling performed. Drug plasma concentrations, thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) were determined. After one dose, TXB₂ and PGE₂ levels were significantly higher in horses administered firocoxib compared to flunixin meglumine. Following the third dose, TXB₂ levels in horses administered firocoxib and meloxicam were significantly higher compared to flunixin meglumine or phenylbutazone; all drugs reduced PGE₂ to a similar degree. The mean plasma half-lives were 5.97 ± 0.47, 4.74 ± 0.14, 8.24 ± 3.74 and 47.42 ± 7.41 h for phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib, respectively. Firocoxib and meloxicam exhibited significantly less COX-1 inhibition compared to flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone; all drugs inhibited COX-2. The plasma half-life of firocoxib was longer than the other NSAIDs, including meloxicam. Data from this study have important clinical relevance and should be used to inform practitioners’ drug selection of a COX-1 sparing or traditional NSAID and dose selection and to provide knowledge of the duration for the four NSAIDs studied.     

欧盟兽药市场发展动态

本文分析总结了欧盟2009至2019年来以猪、牛、绵羊和山羊养殖为主的畜牧养殖业发展动态及相应的兽药市场销售情况,并从欧盟兽药市场具体情况及其在全球兽药市场的地位角度进行了分析,认为欧盟兽药市场以驱虫药和疫苗为主,抗生素和其他兽药为辅。为国内兽药产业从业者了解欧盟兽药市场,以及国内外兽药产业对比提供了具体数据,有助于对国内外兽药产业进行全面的分析。     

马来穿山甲源嗜水气单胞菌亚种的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

为鉴定马来穿山甲(Manis javanica)腿部致病菌并研究其致病性、耐药性和耐药基因,从救护的1只马来穿山甲腿部溃烂处采集样品,无菌分离培养致病菌,进行形态学观察、革兰氏染色及16S rRNA和gyrB基因测序分析,并开展细菌药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验,随后通过PCR扩增6种毒力基因(rtxA、earA、hlyA、alt、act、epa)及19种耐药基因(5种β-内酰胺酶相关基因、6种氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因、6种氯霉素耐药基因、2种磺胺耐药基因)。结果显示:分离的1株优势菌为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,经16S rRNA和gyrB基因测序以及序列进化树分析鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌亚种(Aeromonas dhakensis),其gyrB基因序列与马来西亚分离株高度同源,推测此致病菌可能由非法走私的穿山甲从马来西亚携带至我国。药敏试验显示,其对头孢曲松、头孢克肟、庆大霉素和氧氟沙星等药物敏感,对青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢氨苄、头孢克洛、氯霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶和林可霉素耐药。4种耐药基因tem、aac(3)-II、flor、sul2为阳性,与抗生素耐药表型相符。4种毒力基因earA、hlyA、alt、act为阳性,小鼠半数致死量为3.75×10^(6 )CFU/mL。根据药敏结果使用敏感抗菌药物治疗穿山甲,其腿部患处有好转。因此,引起穿山甲腿部溃烂的病原嗜水气单胞菌亚种(Aeromonas dhakensis)可能为国外传入菌株,具有较强的致病性和多重耐药性。本研究为嗜水气单胞菌的流行病学调查及其感染的防治提供了依据。