苏州大型超市小水产品中副溶血性弧菌的污染调查及耐药性分析

目的了解副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)在苏州市大型超市小水产品中的污染状况及耐药性,为建立副溶血性弧菌食物中毒预警系统提供科学依据。方法定期从苏州一大型超市抽取小水产品,根据GB/T4789.7-2008标准进行副溶血性弧菌的分离培养和鉴定,应用K-B法进行药敏实验。结果在144份样品中检出副溶血性弧菌56株,检出率38.9%。所有分离菌株对先锋必素、诺氟沙星和环丙沙星敏感;部分菌株对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、复方新诺明和头孢噻吩等具有较强的耐药性,耐药率分别为55.4%、42.9%、35.7%和32.1%;有9株菌株出现了多重耐药。结论苏州大型超市小水产品中副溶血性弧菌污染严重,应加强副溶血性弧菌食源性疾病预警,同时加强水产品抗生素使用的管理,防止其耐药菌株的传播。     

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of the Marine-Derived Compound Excavatolide B Isolated from the Culture-Type Formosan Gorgonian Briareum excavatum

In recent years, several marine-derived compounds have been clinically evaluated. Diterpenes are secondary metabolites from soft coral that exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, we isolated a natural diterpene product, excavatolide B, from cultured Formosan gorgonian Briareum excavatum and investigated its anti-inflammatory activities. We found that excavatolide B significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged murine macrophages (RAW 264.7). We also examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of excavatolide B on intraplantar carrageenan-induced inflammatory responses. Excavatolide B was found to significantly attenuate carrageenan-induced nociceptive behaviors, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, weight bearing deficits and paw edema. In addition, excavatolide B inhibited iNOS, as well as the infiltration of immune cells in carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw tissue.     

广东地区水禽源大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药性及耐药基因检测

为了调查广东地区水禽源大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药的耐药性和耐药基因的流行情况,本试验于2012-2014年从广东地区患病水禽中成功分离鉴定243株大肠杆菌,采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定大肠杆菌分离株对4种β-内酰胺类药物的敏感性,并通过PCR方法检测耐药株的耐药基因bla_CTX-M、bla_TEM和bla_OXA。药敏试验结果显示,广东各地区的分离株对氨苄西林和阿莫西林耐药率较高,耐药率为80.00%~100.00%;而对头孢他啶和头孢噻呋耐药率较低,耐药率为9.09%~50.00%。PCR检测结果显示,在4种药物的耐药菌株中,耐药基因bla_CTX-M、bla_TEM和bla_OXA的检出率分别为88.46%~90.87%、67.21%~88.52%和51.28%~59.02%。结果表明,水禽大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类药物普遍具有耐药性,其中青霉素类尤为严重。bla_CTX-M、bla_TEM和bla_OXA基因为广东地区水禽源大肠杆菌携带的主要耐药基因,且耐药基因的普遍存在与临床日益严重的耐药现象有着很大的关系。     

牦牛乳房炎病原无乳链球菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析

本试验通过无菌采集西藏地区牦牛乳汁,进行细菌分离、纯化及PCR鉴定;同时对分离的菌株进行药物敏感性研究,以期在生产实践中对该病原的防治提供参考.结果显示,纯化所得到的细菌为革兰氏阳性链球菌,经生化试验及PCR鉴定为无乳链球菌;药敏试验结果显示分离菌株对青霉素类、氨基糖苷类和氯霉素类等大部分药物敏感.本研究为西藏地区牦牛无乳链球菌引起的乳房炎的有效防治提供参考.     

某肉鸡场鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性跟踪检测与分析

2012~2014年从辽宁某肉鸡养殖场采集300份鸡泄殖腔拭子,分离获得152株鸡源大肠杆菌。采用微量稀释法对152株鸡源大肠杆菌进行了14种兽用和16种人用抗菌药的药物敏感性测定,并参照CLSI肠杆菌判定标准进行判定。结果显示,鸡源大肠杆菌对兽用阿莫西林、氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明、磺胺异噁唑、四环素和人用哌拉西林、替卡西林、环丙沙星均产生明显耐药性,耐药率较高。对所分离的鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性检测结果与EUCAST发布的野生型菌株MIC值分布进行比较分析,耐药结果基本一致,但通过MIC值分布比较,结果显示出分离菌株的大观霉素、氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明、头孢噻吩、头孢呋辛、环丙沙星和妥布霉素药物的MIC值发生了明显右移,表明该肉鸡场大肠杆菌对上述抗菌药的耐药强度呈现逐渐增强的趋势。在养殖过程中应采取科学饲养和严格的生物安全措施防控疾病,科学合理使用抗菌药物,控制肉鸡场细菌耐药性的产生和传播。     

中国大鲵“烂脚病”病原菌的分离鉴定

为了解重庆地区部分中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)养殖场流行"烂脚病"的病因,对患"烂脚病"中国大鲵进行剖检后,在其肺部分离到一株优势菌CQWU2013,对该优势菌进行致病性实验、生理生化特性鉴定、16S r DNA测序和药敏实验。结果显示:中国大鲵"烂脚病"是由肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella mobilis)引起的,该菌为短链状排列的革兰氏阴性杆菌,其生理生化特性符合肺炎克雷伯氏菌的指标,16S r DNA序列同源性高达99.6%;药敏实验显示该菌对部分青霉素类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类和糖肽类药物耐药,对供试的20种药物中有7种药物出现明显的耐药现象。     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tanzawaic Acid Derivatives from a Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium steckii 108YD142

Chemical investigation of a marine-derived fungus, Penicillium steckii 108YD142, resulted in the discovery of a new tanzawaic acid derivative, tanzawaic acid Q (1), together with four known analogues, tanzawaic acids A (2), C (3), D (4), and K (5). The structures of tanzawaic acid derivatives 1–5 were determined by the detailed analysis of 1D, 2D NMR and LC-MS data, along with chemical methods and literature data analysis. These compounds significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and the new tanzawaic acid Q (1) inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and mRNA expressions in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Additionally, compound 1 reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrated that the new tanzawaic acid derivative inhibits LPS-induced inflammation. This is the first report on the anti-inflammatory activity of tanzawaic acid Q (1).     

水貂病原细菌的鉴定及其对抗生素及中药的敏感性

为了调查水貂群体中携带的病原菌种类及其耐药性,利用细菌鉴定的手段对分离自病死水貂肝脏的病原菌进行了鉴定,并对其进行了抗生素及中药的耐药性检测。结果表明,在水貂病原细菌中鉴定出绿色气球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、蜂房哈夫尼菌、成团泛菌、副伤寒沙门氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌及小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌等8种细菌,共计21株。除了100%的细菌对头孢西丁、头孢吡肟及头孢他啶敏感外,50%以上的菌株对链霉素、红霉素、青霉素G及四环素耐药,30%左右的细菌对黄连和黄柏耐药,14%的细菌对复方中药耐药,该结果为水貂细菌病的防治提供参考。