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41.
Patrick Chesney 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):149-159
The effect of pruning all branches (complete pruning) or retaining one branch (partial pruning) on the dynamics of nitrogen
cycling in aboveground biomass, nitrogen supplying power of an amended Eutric Cambisol, and fine root length, was studied
in an Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Cook—tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) alley cropping practice in Turrialba, Costa Rica during 1999–2000. Over the 1 year pruning cycle, in which trees were
completely or partially pruned four times, respective aboveground biomass production was 4.4 Mg or 7 Mg ha−1 (2-year-old trees) and 5.5 Mg or 9 Mg ha−1 (8-year-old trees); N cycled in aboveground biomass was 123 kg or 187 kg ha−1 (2-year-old trees) and 160 kg or 256 kg N ha−1 (8-year-old trees); mean fine root length was 489 or 821 m (2-year-old-trees), 184 or 364 m per tree (8-year-old-trees).
Pruning intensity did not significantly affect net N mineralisation and net nitrification rates during the tomato-cropping
season. For the tomato crop, pre-plant mean net N mineralisation rate of 2.5 mg N kg−1 soil day−1 was significantly lower than 16.7 or 11.6 mg N kg−1 soil day−1 at the end of vegetative development and flowering, respectively. Mean net nitrification rates of 3.5, and 4.3 mg N kg−1 soil day−1, at pre-plant and end of vegetative development, respectively, were significantly higher than 0.3 mg N kg−1 soil day−1 at end of flowering. In humid tropical low-input agroforestry practices that depend on organic inputs from trees for crop
nutrition, retention of a branch on the pruned tree stump appears to be a good alternative to removal of all branches for
reducing N losses through higher N cycling in aboveground biomass, and for conserving fine root length for higher N uptake,
although it might enhance competition for associated crops. 相似文献
42.
灭幼脲类杀虫剂防治森林害虫的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文论述了灭幼脲类杀虫剂目前的种类,杀虫机理,对人、畜等的安全性,害虫产生抗药性情况及其防治对象和防治方法的研究进展。最后提出灭幼脲这种昆虫生长抑制剂防治森林害虫,具有广谱、高效、低毒、低成本和残效期长等优点,而且生态效益、社会效益和经济效益明显,具有广阔的发展前途,目前已进入实际应用阶段。 相似文献
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Water is usally thought of a limiting factor for the restoration of semi-arid ecosystem. In the growing season of 2006, a study was conducted to determine the effects of modeling precipitation on seasonal patterns in concentrations of soil-available nitrogen and to describe the seasonal patterns in soil nitrogen availability and seasonal variation in the rates of net nitrogen mineralization of topsoil at Daqinggou ecological station in Keerqin sand lands, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Manipulation of water (80 mm) was designed to be added to experiment plots of sandy grasslands in dry season. Water addition (W) treatment and control (CK) treatment were separately taken in six replications and randomly assigned in 12 plots (4 m×4 m for each) with 2-m buffers betweens. Results showed that the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization rate were not affected by adding water in sandy grassland of Keerqin sand lands. Net nitrogen mineralization rates ranged from 0.5 μg·g-1·month-1 to 4 μg·g-1·month-1. The highest values of soil inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization occurred on October 15 in control plots. The seasonal changes of soil inorganic nitrogen contents exhibited "V" shape pattern that was related to seasonal patterns of soil ammonium-N (ascending trend) and nitrate-N transformation (descending trend). 相似文献
45.
Kuniyoshi Shimizu Shoko Fukunaga Keisuke Yoshikawa Ryuichiro Kondo 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(2):153-160
The effects of 120 methanol extracts prepared from bark and heartwood of 69 types of Japanese wood on the melanin production
of B16 melanoma cells were examined. The melanin content of B16 melanoma cells was determined spectrophotometrically at 405nm.
The extracts were also examined for their effects on cell viability. We found that the methanol extracts of Fagus crenata (buna, wood, 100μg/ml), Sapium sebiferum (Nankinhaze, wood, bark, 10μg/ml), and Zelkova serrata (keyaki, wood, 10μg/ml) greatly inhibited the melanin production of B16 melanoma cells without significant cytotoxicity.
However, these extracts did not inhibit tyrosinase activity at the concentration of 100μg/ml. These findings indicate that
the depigmenting mechanism of these extracts involves the suppression of some pigmenting signals in stimulating melanogenesis
rather than the inhibition of tyrosinase activity.
Part of this study was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, Japan, March 2003 相似文献
46.
Linarin (acacetin-7-O-beta-d-rutinoside) from the flower extract of Mentha arvensis showed selective dose dependent inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. 相似文献
47.
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49.
杨树受损伤后能诱导一些基因的表达,其编码的蛋白质可能在杨树的防卫反应中起一定作用.用PCR方法从新疆杨叶片中克隆出一个损伤诱导型Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因PaTI1.序列分析表明:此基因不含内含子,其翻译起点上游具有'TATA'和 'CCAAT'等转录控制元件,包含的阅读框架能编码一个长为213个氨基酸的多肽.此多肽与克隆自美洲山杨的PtTI2 和PtTI1氨基酸序列同源性最高,分别为95%和80%,其N端存在一长度为27个氨基酸的信号肽.将此基因以融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌中进行表达,纯化后的融合蛋白对胰蛋白酶的活性有抑制作用,每8.5 μg融合蛋白可完全抑制1 μg牛胰蛋白酶的活性.Western blot分析表明融合蛋白与PtTI2特异的抗体之间有明显的血清学反应. 相似文献
50.
One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Donald S. Ross Guinevere Fredriksen Austin E. Jamison Beverley C. Wemple Scott W. Bailey James B. Shanley Gregory B. Lawrence 《Forest Ecology and Management》2006,230(1-3):91-95
Measurements of net nitrification rates in forest soils have usually been performed by extended sample incubation (2–8 weeks), either in the field or in the lab. Because of disturbance effects, these measurements are only estimates of nitrification potential and shorter incubations may suffice. In three separate studies of northeastern USA forest soil surface horizons, we found that laboratory nitrification rates measured over 1 day related well to those measured over 4 weeks. Soil samples of Oa or A horizons were mixed by hand and the initial extraction of subsamples, using 2 mol L−1 KCl, occurred in the field as soon as feasible after sampling. Soils were kept near field temperature and subsampled again the following day in the laboratory. Rates measured by this method were about three times higher than the 4-week rates. Variability in measured rates was similar over either incubation period. Because NO3− concentrations were usually quite low in the field, average rates from 10 research watersheds could be estimated with only a single, 1-day extraction. Methodological studies showed that the concentration of NH4+ increased slowly during contact time with the KCl extractant and, thus, this contact time should be kept similar during the procedure. This method allows a large number of samples to be rapidly assessed. 相似文献