Isolation and biological properties of virulent subpopulations from lentogenic Newcastle disease virus strains

From each of two lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains of the type LaSota and Hitchner B1 a virulent subpopulation could be obtained. The two subpopulations were—in comparison to the two parent viruses—more resistant to the lipid solvent chloroform and more stable against thermal degradation. Also, the glycoproteins haemagglutinin and F (fusion) were more stable against thermal inactivation. Electron microscopic observations revealed in terms of size and morphology all of the characteristics of NDV. Both subpopulations possessed, however, the same elution kinetics as their respective parent strains. The intracerebral and intravenous pathogenicity indices as well as the mean death times of the two subpopulations allow to classify these viruses as virulent Newcastle disease viruses.     

新城疫浓缩灭活疫苗的初步研究

以10^3.0、10^4.0、10^5.0 EID503个不同剂量接种非免疫鸡胚,收获鸡胚液,病毒含量测定结果显示,以10^3.0-10^4.0～EID50剂量接种的鸡胚收获的抗原含量高。用该优化方法繁殖了一批新城疫抗原,采用截留分子量为100kD的浓缩滤膜对新城疫抗原进行浓缩,对不同浓缩倍数的新城疫抗原制备疫苗进行了免疫效力试验。结果表明,以新城疫3倍浓缩抗原制备疫苗,以5μL剂量（现有相关产品效力检验的1／4剂量）免疫SPF鸡,即可达到现有同类产品的效力检验质量标准,高抗体水平至少可以维持35d。本研究为进一步研制新城疫灭活浓缩疫苗用于低剂量免疫肉鸡提供了基础。     

Development of a rapid biological assay for determination of potency of Newcastle disease vaccine (strain I-2)

A rapid biological assay based on incubation time has been developed for determination of the potency of Newcastle disease virus strain I-2 vaccine. It is based on the observation that the interval between inoculation and the first detection of haemagglutinin (HA) depends on the titre of the vaccine inoculated. Chicken embryonated eggs were inoculated with different titres (10⁹, 10⁶ and 10³ EID₅₀/0.1 ml) of vaccine and incubated for 24 h. At hourly intervals, 5 eggs from each vaccine titre were tested for the presence of HA. The results showed that the HA activity was detected from 5, 11 and 15 h after inoculation with vaccine doses of 10⁹, 10⁶ and 10³ EID₅₀, respectively. On the basis of these results it is suggested that if there is no HA detected from 5 to 11 h after inoculation of eggs with the vaccine virus, the vaccine should not be used to vaccinate chickens as it might have an infectivity titre of less than 10⁶ EID₅₀/0.1 ml, which is equivalent to the recommended single chicken dose. It is concluded that measuring the time between inoculation of the vaccine virus and the onset of HA activity might provide an estimate of the titre of the vaccine within 24 h.     

普洱市烤烟主要病虫害监测及防治措施

[目的]掌握普洱市烤烟主要病虫害的发生流行规律和危害特点。[方法]于2006～2008年对普洱市烟区主要病虫害进行了系统观测和大面积普查,并有针对性地提出了防治措施。[结果]烟草花叶病(TMV和CMV)在烟苗移栽10 d后便开始发病危害烟株,6月中旬至7月上旬是危害高峰期;黑胫病在整个大田生育期均有危害,6月底达到危害高峰;青枯病属于区域性病害,5月上旬便开始危害并持续至7月底;赤星病从6月中旬开始零星发生,烟叶进入成熟采烤阶段后发病速度加快,8月中下旬进入发病稳定期;烟蚜发生危害主要集中在5月30日至7月10日,且有2个危害高峰;5月中下旬是烟青虫的始发期,7月上旬达到为害高峰。[结论]普洱市烟草主要病虫害的发生流行、危害时期以及危害程度各不相同,防治应遵循"预防为主,综合防治"的植保方针,采取包括农业防治、生物防治、物理防治、化学防治等的综合防治措施。     

肉鸽新城疫病毒山东分离株的分离鉴定及其F基因的分子特性分析

从山东某发病肉鸽的体内分离到一株新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV),命名为Pigeon-Shandong-JN-08(简写JN08),对其融合蛋白(fusion,F)进行序列和分子特性的分析,以了解肉鸽NDV的遗传起源和分子特性。JN08经病毒蚀斑克隆纯化后动物回归试验可产生典型的NDV病变。研究结果发现,F蛋白多肽裂解位点的序列为112RRQKRF117,符合鸽源NDV强毒氨基酸基序。F基因分型及同源性比较显示:JN08与绝大多数鸽源毒株同属于基因Ⅵ型;其F基因与基因Ⅱ型毒株LaSota,B1,Bingham,TEX-48氨基酸同源性为89.9%,89.7%,90.4%,89.7%,与基因Ⅰ型毒株Ulster67的氨基酸同源性为91.3%,与基因Ⅲ型传统强毒F48E9的氨基酸同源性为92.8%;与国内鸽分离株P1-03,CH98-98,JS1-06,PB01-96和GZ-07的氨基酸同源性分别为91.3%,94.6%,94.8%,95.1%,94.0%;与国外鸽分离株Capital3-97,Tigre6-99,1166-02,IT227-97,2736-00,NY-84,TX3503-04,248VB-98的同源性分别为96.2%,93.8%,98.0%,96.8%,97.1%,96.8%,96.8%,98.4%。从F基因遗传进化树上发现:JN08与国外分离株的遗传距离较近,处于同一基因亚型上,而与国内分离株的遗传距离较远。     

鸡新城疫病毒V4株一些特性的研究

对鸡新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）Ｖ４株的毒价、血凝（ＨＡ）稳定性和致病指数进行了研究，结果显示ＮＤＶＶ４株的毒价（ＥＩＤ）为１０－８．３～１０－１０．１／０．１ｍＬ，２５℃存放２８ｄ、３７℃存放１２ｄ及反复冻融７次ＨＡ滴度不变，其１日龄雏鸡脑内接种、６周龄鸡静脉接种发病指数和鸡胚平均致死时间分别为：ＩＣＰＩ＝０．００，ＩＶＰＩ＝０．００，ＭＤＴ＞１５０ｈ     

玉米抗倒性研究进展

玉米倒伏严重影响产量、品质及机械化收获。通过育种和栽培方式提高抗倒性,对玉米丰产稳产尤为重要。本文综述玉米茎秆力学特性、化学成分、植株形态结构等对个体抗倒性的影响,栽培措施和病虫害对群体抗倒性的调控及玉米茎秆性状的遗传特性,展望未来提高玉米抗倒性的技术途径。     

花生主要病虫害及其综合防治

介绍了固镇县花生主要病虫害危害症状及发生规律,并提出了相应的防治技术,为固镇县花生的种植提供理论参考。     

Apriori算法在棉花病虫害分析中的应用

为了快速准确地掌握棉花虫害发生趋势,提高虫情测报的时效性和准确性,采用Apriori算法数据挖掘关联规则,对棉花上的3种害虫棉铃虫、棉叶螨、棉蚜的发生趋势进行综合分析。通过Apriori算法寻找出了气候因素与棉花三大害虫的发生发展有密切的关系,尤其气温变化直接影响到棉花害虫的发生种类、发生期及发生量。联规则数据挖掘技术,在处理大量农业信息数据中起着非常重要的作用,Apriori算法在棉花病虫测报工作中将是一项新的技术,具有非常广泛的应用前景。     

新城疫病毒HN抗肿瘤机制研究进展

论述了HN抗肿瘤作用的机制,并对其发展前景作了展望。