甘蓝Ogura 细胞质雄性不育相关基因BoMF1启动子的克隆及功能分析

 通过TAIL-PCR 染色体步移技术,从甘蓝（Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.）基因组中克 隆到胞质雄性不育（OguCMS）相关基因BoMF1 翻译起始位点上游521 bp 的启动子序列。软件分析预测 表明,该启动子序列中存在多个顺式作用元件,包括TATA-box、CAAT-box、MYB 结合位点、植物激 素响应单元等。为了研究该启动子的表达特性,亚克隆了BoMF1 转录起始位点上游521 bp 序列,将其置 换pBI121 中的CaMV35S 启动子,驱动其下游的GUS 基因,构建植物表达载体pBI121-BoMF1P,以pBI121 空载体作为阳性对照,通过农杆菌（LBA4404）介导法转入拟南芥。结果表明,甘蓝BoMF1 启动子序列 能驱动GUS 基因在拟南芥花药发育晚期的花药和花粉中特异表达,表达具有组织特异性。     

拮抗细菌BMY-1菌株对几种水果储藏病原真菌的抑制作用

采用平板对峙培养法测定从土壤中分离获得的拮抗细菌BMY-1菌株对柑桔绿霉病菌（Penicillium digatatum）、柑桔青霉病菌（Penicillium italicum）、苹果炭疽病菌（Glomerella cingulata）、苹果轮纹病菌（Physalospora piricola）、梨扩展青霉病菌（Penicillium expansum）、葡萄白腐病菌（Coniothyrium dlodiella）等6种水果产后病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明，BMY-1菌株对苹果炭疽病菌（G.cingulata）和梨扩展青霉菌（P．expansum）的生长有较好的作用，抑菌率分别达48．43％和50．37％。采用液体共培养法观察到BMY-1菌株对病原真菌的菌丝有破坏作用，使苹果炭疽病菌菌丝扭曲和断裂，葡萄白腐病菌菌丝膨大畸形。对几种水果同时接种拮抗细菌BMY-1和病原真菌，BMY-1菌株对苹果炭疽病病斑和梨扩青病病斑扩展有较强的抑制作用，并能有效延迟葡萄白腐病发病时间。     

盐胁迫对雪菊种子萌发的影响

采用纸培法,用不同浓度NaCI单盐溶液（O％、0．5％、0．6％、0．9％、1．2％）处理雪菊种子,研究不同浓度盐胁迫对种子萌发的影响。结果表明：随着盐浓度的升高,雪菊种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数都有所降低,在O％～0．9％盐浓度范围内,各性状指标与对照差异不显著,1．2％盐浓度下与对照形成显著差异。低浓度（0．3％）盐胁迫对雪菊种子萌发有促进作用,发芽率为87％,高于对照3个百分点,盐浓度超过0．9％时,明显延迟种子发芽时间,发茅率为57％,低于对照27个百分点。雪菊种子萌发时的耐盐适宜范围为0％～1．5％,耐盐半致死浓度为2．25％,耐盐极限浓度为5．85％,可在河北滨海滩涂盐渍化土壤地区推广种植。     

Antiviral Cyclopropane Acids from Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sydowii

Four novel monocyclic cyclopropane acids, namely, sydocyclopropanes A–D (1–4), along with one known congener hamavellone B (5), were isolated from the Aspergillus sydowii MCCC 3A00324 fungus, which was isolated from the deep-sea sediment. The gross structures of novel compounds were established by detailed analyses of the spectroscopic data (HRESIMS and NMR spectra), and their absolute configurations were resolved on the basis of the quantum chemical calculations of ECD and NMR data, in association with DP4+ probability analyses. Sydocyclopropanes A–D, featuring the 1,1,2,3-tetrasubstituted cyclopropane nucleus with different lengthy alkyl side chains, were discovered in nature for the first time. All compounds exhibited antiviral activities against A/WSN/33 (H1N1), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 26.7 to 77.2 μM, of which compound 1 exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect (IC₅₀ = 26.7 μM).     

秋甘蓝新品种秋甘5 号的选育

秋甘5 号是以CMS021 胞质雄性不育系为母本,以自交系95077-7-A1-B6-2-5 为父本配制
而成的秋甘蓝一代杂种。中熟,从定植到收获80 d（天）左右。植株生长势强,株型开展,开展度66.7
cm,外叶14 片,叶色灰绿,叶面蜡粉中,叶缘有轻波纹,无缺刻。叶球绿色、紧实度0.57,扁圆形,球
高13.6 cm,横径23.6 cm,中心柱长6.1 cm,小于球高的1/2,单球质量2～3 kg,质地脆嫩,味甘甜,耐
裂球,耐热,高抗枯萎病,抗病毒病（TuMV）、黑腐病,一般每667 m ² 产量5 000 kg 左右,适于华北、华南、
西北、西南等地种植。     

高辣椒素含量航天辣椒桂航一号的选育

桂航一号是红椒一号经过太空诱变处理后,单株选育3代、混合选育2代育成的高辣椒素含量辣椒新品种。该品种中晚熟,从定植至采收红椒约90d。株高90cm左右,植株开展度85cmx85cm左右。第一花着生13—14节。果实羊角形,纵径15～16cm,横径1．3cm,肉厚0．19cm,2—3心室。果肩平或斜,果顶锐尖,果面光滑,果皮薄,果形较直,青果深绿色,生物学成熟果鲜红色,平均单果质量12～13g,最大单果质量15g。果实每100g鲜质量维生素C含量87．9mg,辣椒素含量104mg／kg,干物质含量8．56％。其中辣椒素含量比红椒一号（5．55mg／kg）提高了近20倍,解决了红椒一号作为辣椒酱原料辣度不够的缺点。667m2产量3942．1奴,较红椒一号增产15．8％,达极显著水平。植株外被茸毛,较耐炭疽病、疫病、病毒病,抗高温,耐湿能力强,适于嗜辣地区作鲜食、加工盐渍、酱制或干制栽培。     

Expression of Wnt1 and LGR5 in gastric mucosa with stress ulcer after TBI in rats

AIM To investigate the expression of Wnt1 and LGR5 in gastric mucosa with stress ulcer after traumatic brain injury （TBI） in rats, and to study the relationship between Wnt1/LGR5 expression and stress ulcer after TBI. METHODS Healthy 7-week-old male SD rats （n=30） were randomly divided into 3 groups： sham operation （sham） group, mild TBI （mTBI） group, and severe TBI （sTBI） group. The mTBI and sTBI were induced by electronic cortical contusion impactor. Neurological severity score （NSS） was calculated 24 and 48 h after modeling. Mucosal blood flow in gastric fundus, greater curvature, pylorus and cardia of anesthetized rats 48 h after injury was measured by Doppler flowmeter. All rats were sacrificed, and their gastric tissues were harvested after 48 h and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The protein expression of Wnt1 and LGR5 was analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with sham group, the NSS in mTBI group and sTBI group was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with sham group, the gastric mucosal blood flow of the rats after TBI was significantly decreased （P<0.01）, and the decrease in sTBI group was more significant than that in mTBI group （P<0.05）. The protein expression of Wnt1 and LGR5 in mTBI group was significantly higher than that in sham group （P<0.05）, and that in sTBI group was significantly higher than that in mTBI group （P<0.05）. Normal glandular gastric tissue was observed, and no abnormal change was found in sham group, while the infiltration of inflammatory cells in gastric lamina propria, mucosa and submucosa was obvious in mTBI group and sTBI group. CONCLUSION Traumatic brain injury activates Wnt1 and LGR5 expression to induce inflammatory changes in gastric mucosa, and then induces stress ulcer. This results provides experimental basis for the pathogenesis and treatment of stress ulcer after trauma.     

罗格列酮对2型糖尿病患者血脂水平和血浆PAI-1活性的影响

目的观察罗格列酮对2型糖尿病患者血脂水平和血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)活性的影响。方法60例2型糖尿病患者随机分为常规治疗组和罗格列酮治疗组,每组30例,另选择20例健康体检者作为正常对照组。常规治疗组和罗格列酮治疗组分别于治疗前和治疗后12周检测空腹血糖(FPG)、血脂水平,采用发光底物法测定全部观察对象的PAI-1的活性。结果治疗12周后罗格列酮治疗组的血清甘油三酯(TG)下降、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)升高,血浆PAI-1活性明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论罗格列酮可改善糖尿病患者的代谢紊乱,减少血浆PAI-1的表达,有助于改善或延缓糖尿病合并动脉粥样硬化的发生。     

LcMYB1激活荔枝花色苷生物合成关键基因LcDFR和LcUFGT1的启动子区域分析

花色苷含量是荔枝果实呈现鲜红色的重要次生代谢产物,前人研究结果表明,LcMYB1通过调控关键基因的表达而影响荔枝果皮中花色苷的积累,其中LcDFR和LcUFGT1是荔枝果皮花色苷生物合成的关键基因,但是LcMYB1如何影响基因的表达,是否与结构基因启动子结合以及具体结合区段目前还不清楚。本研究通过克隆和分析LcDFR和LcUFGT1的启动子区域并对其进行分段处理,利用双荧光素酶和酵母单杂交实验,探究LcMYB1与LcDFR和LcUFGT1的启动子的结合区域。结果表明,LcDFR起始密码子上游1927 bp和LcUFGT1起始密码子上游1584 bp的启动子上分别有3个可能的MYB结合位点;双荧光素酶和酵母单杂交实验均显示LcMYB1可以结合LcDFR基因起始密码子上游904 bp到1425 bp包含有1个MYB-CORE元件的区域,LcMYB1与LcUFGT1基因启动子结合的区域是起始密码到上游610 bp,此区域包含有2个MYB-CORE元件。研究结果进一步证实了LcMYB1通过与基因LcDFR和LcUFGT1启动子结合发挥调控作用,并缩小了结合位点的范围。     

FgLEU1在禾谷镰刀菌亮氨酸生物合成及产毒致病中起关键作用

为挖掘新型药剂的潜在靶标,利用靶向基因敲除和互补技术研究赤霉病病原菌禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum中必需氨基酸亮氨酸合成酶编码基因FgLEU1的功能,并测定禾谷镰刀菌的生物学表型。结果表明,FgLEU1编码亮氨酸合成途径中的3-异丙基苹果酸脱水酶,其敲除突变体表现亮氨酸营养缺陷。生物学表型测定结果显示,与野生型菌株相比,FgLEU1敲除突变体的产孢量和孢子萌发率显著下降,产孢量仅为野生型菌株的20.96%,培养4 h后孢子萌发率下降了49.45%,且合成脱氧雪腐镰刀烯醇（呕吐毒素）能力丧失,在麦穗上的致病力下降,仅能侵染接种小穗,赤霉病症状不能扩展。外源添加一定量的亮氨酸、FgLeu1催化产物或导入含启动子的全长FgLEU1基因可以恢复敲除突变体表型缺陷。表明FgLEU1基因在禾谷镰刀菌亮氨酸合成、菌丝孢子形成及产毒致病过程中发挥着重要作用,可作为新型安全杀菌剂的潜在研发靶标,用于持续有效控制麦类赤霉病和镰刀菌毒素。