脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对猪毒害作用及毒理机制研究进展

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)是一种常见的污染粮食、饲料和食品的霉菌毒素,严重影响人和牲畜的健康。猪对DON非常敏感,DON可造成猪拒食、生长抑制、呕吐以及器官损伤、细胞毒性、免疫毒性等毒害作用。本文主要综述了DON对猪的毒害作用、毒理机制以及解毒剂开发等方面的研究进展,尤其关注DON毒理作用的遗传调控研究,旨在为从遗传本质提高猪对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的抵抗力提供更全面的参考。     

两种日粮对乌金猪脂肪组织脂类分解代谢相关基因表达的影响

为探讨不同日粮对乌金猪不同生长阶段脂类分解代谢的差异。选用乌金猪为研究对象,以本实验室前期研究确定的乌金猪适宜能量与蛋白水平的日粮和美国NRC(1998)推荐的猪营养需要量为依据,设计和配制乌金猪WJ和NRC日粮。选取体重约23kg的乌金猪36头,公母各半,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理下设3个重复,每个重复6头。分别于30kg、60kg和100kg体重时屠宰,通过real-time PCR比较了4个脂肪分解代谢相关基因在脂肪组织中表达的差异。结果显示:在各个屠宰体重,WJ日粮组HSL基因相对表达量均高于NRC日粮组(P>0.05);在各个屠宰体重,WJ日粮组LPL基因相对表达量均显著高于NRC日粮组(P<0.05);在30kg和60kg屠宰体重,WJ日粮组CPT-1基因的相对表达量显著高于NRC日粮组(P<0.05),但在100kg屠宰体重水平时,WJ日粮组CPT-1基因的相对表达量低于NRC日粮组(P>0.05);在各个屠宰体重,WJ日粮组PPARγ基因的相对表达量均高于NRC日粮组,在30kg屠宰体重达到显著水平(P<0.05)。结果提示:WJ日粮通过上调脂肪分解代谢相关基因的表达促进了脂肪组织脂肪的分解,减少了脂肪沉积。     

非洲猪瘟背景下复养的消毒工作初探

自2018年8月以来蔓延的非洲猪瘟疫情给我国养猪业造成了巨大损失,生猪供应缺口凸显,猪价整体高位运行。安全顺利复产是规模猪场的优先选择,但由于准备不足、匆忙复产而导致失败的案例甚多;在目前没有相关疫苗的情况下,完善生物安全体系、彻底清除猪场内外残余病毒是规模猪场非洲猪瘟背景下复产的先决条件。笔者团队通过制订复养程序,指导某猪场进行非洲猪瘟复养消毒,各区域检测、复检为阴性后引入180头保育猪作为哨兵猪饲养2个多月,病原学和血清学检测结果均为阴性,复养初步成功。     

猪胰岛素样生长因子I基因表达与调控的研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子-I(I nsulin-like growth factor-I,I GF-I)是机体生长、发育和代谢的一个重要调控因子,同时也是生长激素(growth hormone,GH)启动生长活性的主要介导者。血液中的I GF-I主要来源于肝脏,以内分泌的形式作用于其他组织;许多肝外组织也能合成I GF-I,其主要以自分泌或旁分泌的形式发挥作用。多种因素调控其表达。本文就猪I GF-I的表达与调控方面的最新研究进展进行一综述。     

浅谈发酵床养猪工艺特点及与传统集约化养猪工艺比较

作者综述了发酵床养猪工艺的起源、特点,并与传统集约化养猪工艺进行了比较,为研究和使用发酵床养猪工艺提供一些参考。     

Changes in muscle fiber type and expression of mRNA of myosin heavy chain isoforms in porcine muscle during pre‐ and postnatal development

The purpose of this study is to elucidate developmental changes in muscle fiber type in the pig during pre‐ and postnatal development. For this purpose, we performed a histochemical analysis for myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity to assess muscle fiber type and determined abundances of messenger RNA (mRNA) of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Samples of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken from fetuses on day 90 of the fetal stage. Further, samples of LD, Rhomboideus and Biceps femoris (B. femoris) muscles were taken from pigs when they were 1, 12, 26, 45 or 75 days old. Expression of MHC 2b mRNA in the LD and the B. femoris muscles rapidly and considerably increased from the late fetal stage to the early postnatal stage and this increase was associated with the development of type 2b fibers at least in the LD muscle. As shown by the rapid and considerable changes in expression of MHC 2b mRNA, it seems that a certain plasticity of muscle fiber type still remains in this developmental stage.     

Growth,Reproductive Performance,Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality in F1 and F2 Progenies of Somatic Cell-Cloned Pigs

The objective of this study was to examine the health and meat production of cloned sows and their progenies in order to demonstrate the application of somatic cell cloning to the pig industry. This study compared the growth, reproductive performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Landrace cloned sows, F1 progenies and F2 progenies. We measured their body weight, growth rate and feed conversion and performed a pathological analysis of their anatomy to detect abnormalities. Three of the five cloned pigs were used for a growth test. Cloned pigs grew normally and had characteristics similar to those of the control purebred Landrace pigs. Two cloned gilts were bred with a Landrace boar and used for a progeny test. F1 progenies had characteristics similar to those of the controls. Two of the F1 progeny gilts were bred with a Duroc or Large White boar and used for the progeny test. F2 progenies grew normally. There were no biological differences in growth, carcass characteristics and amino acid composition among cloned sows, F1 progenies, F2 progenies and conventional pigs. The cloned sows and F1 progenies showed normal reproductive performance. No specific abnormalities were observed by pathological analysis, with the exception of periarteritis in the F1 progenies. All pigs had a normal karyotype. These results demonstrate that cloned female pigs and their progenies have similar growth, reproductive performance and carcass quality characteristics and that somatic cell cloning could be a useful technique for conserving superior pig breeds in conventional meat production.     

猪lncRNA TCONS_00791383对骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖分化的影响

为了探究lncRNA TCONS_00791383对猪骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖和分化的影响。本研究利用qRT-PCR技术检测出生7 d内大白仔猪6种组织（心、脾、肺、肾、背肌和腿肌）以及猪骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖分化前后TCONS_00791383的表达水平;通过设计反义核苷酸（antisense oligonucleotides,ASO）片段在猪骨骼肌卫星细胞中对TCONS_00791383进行敲低,检测敲低TCONS_00791383之后增殖分化标志基因的表达量变化;通过trans （co-expression）对TCONS_00791383进行靶基因预测,使用DAVID对其进行GO富集和KEGG通路分析。结果显示,TCONS_00791383在猪心脏中表达量最高,在脾和肾组织中不表达。在骨骼肌卫星细胞从增殖到分化的过程中,TCONS_00791383的表达量逐渐上升,且在分化后30 h表达量达到最高。在使用ASO片段敲低TCONS_00791383之后,与对照组相比,在分化24 h,增殖标志基因Pax3、Pax7表达量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,分化标志基因MyoG表达量极显著降低（P<0.01）,在分化48 h,增殖标志基因Pax3表达量极显著降低（P<0.01）,Pax7表达量显著降低（P<0.05）,分化标志基因MyHC表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。预测得到的相关靶基因富集到AMPK、ATP等多个与骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖和分化过程相关的重要信号通路。本研究表明,lncRNA TCONS_00791383可能促进猪骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖和分化。     

南阳黑猪和大白猪脂肪酸分析及其综合评价

试验旨在研究南阳黑猪脂肪酸组成及含量,以期为中国地方猪种遗传资源的保护及开发利用提供理论依据。以南阳黑猪和大白猪为研究对象,每品种猪各12头,测量背最长肌脂肪酸含量及种类,以脂肪酸种类及数量、单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）、饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）、12-16碳饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸1,SFA1）、其他饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸2,SFA2）、不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acids,UFA）、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、必需脂肪酸（essential fatty acid,EFA）、共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acids,CLA）、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA等为指标,从营养、健康、风味及储存方面综合评价两个猪种猪肉脂肪酸品质。结果显示,两个猪种背最长肌中共检出30种脂肪酸,其中23种脂肪酸在两个猪种间有显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）;除SFA2/SFA1和ω-6 PUFA /ω-3 PUFA外,南阳黑猪其他指标均高于大白猪;SFA1、MUFA、PUFA、SFA、UFA、UFA/SFA、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、EFA、CLA、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA 11个指标在两个猪种间存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）,SFA2和PUFA/MUFA在两个猪种间无显著差异（P>0.05）。综合以上结果,南阳黑猪肌肉脂肪酸品质总体优于大白猪。     

猪育种中DNA标记辅助选择方法的研究进展

DNA标记辅助选择（简称MAS）为猪的育种提供了一个新的突破性方法,作者将从MAS的原理和实施方案、猪的基因图谱、猪育种中的若干重要DNA标记、MAS应用效果的理论研究和MAS应用实践等方面,综述其在猪育种中的应用研究进展。