鸭肠炎病毒gD基因胞外区的原核表达及在感染鸭胚成纤维细胞中的定位

以本实验室获得的鸭肠炎病毒(DEV)C-KCE株US区基因序列(GenBank登录号EU714267)为基础PCR扩增出gD基因胞外区(gDw),将其定向克隆至原核表达载体pET-30a(+)并转化至大肠杆菌RosettaTM(DE3)pLys。经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表明gD基因胞外区在大肠杆菌中获得与预期大小相符的表达蛋白。重组蛋白纯化后免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,血清琼扩效价达1∶16,噬斑减数中和试验测定血清中和抗体效价达1∶64。通过免疫荧光技术首次对gD进行亚细胞定位检测,结果表明DEV感染鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)后4h近核区域细胞质内首先开始出现荧光,12h以后显著增加,明显的点状绿色荧光广泛存在于胞质中。本研究为进一步开展DEV gD的功能研究提供了重要数据和材料。     

鸭肠炎病毒UL53截段基因的序列特性、原核表达与其抗原性检测

【目的】通过选取DEV-UL53基因主要抗原域与进行DEV-UL53截段基因B细胞表位多参数预测相结合的策略,高效表达DEV-UL53截段基因,并通过Westernblot分析重组蛋白的免疫原性。【方法】通过生物信息学软件DNAStarProtean模块对UL53基因编码的gK蛋白进行主要抗原域预测,选取主要抗原域对应的UL53截段基因进行二级结构、蛋白质骨架柔性区域、表面可及性区域预测和在线预测该蛋白的亲水性及跨膜区,并对UL53截段基因进行克隆、亚克隆、原核表达与抗原性分析。【结果】UL53截段基因编码蛋白gK的B细胞表位最可能分布于Ala20—Leu25、Ser40—Met47、Leu68—Ile78、Val124—Phe128、Ile129—Tyr134、Asp176—Ile178,构建的阳性表达质粒转入BL21表达宿主菌经IPTG诱导外源基因获得了良好表达,经Westernblot分析表明该重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性。【结论】实现了UL53截段基因的高效表达,经Westernblot分析表明该重组蛋白具备良好的免疫原性,这为DEV-UL53基因及其编码的蛋白gK功能的深入研究、新型疫苗和诊断试剂的研制及开发等提供可用的试验材料。     

Response to soy: T-cell-like reactivity in the intestine of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L

T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity could be central in soybean meal (SBM)-induced intestinal changes in salmon. However, tools for immunohistochemical detection of T cells have been lacking in teleosts, including Atlantic salmon. Application of a specific histochemical protocol allowed demonstration of T-cell-like reactivities in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using an antibody reacting to a conserved region of human CD3epsilon (Dako A0452). Characteristic staining was observed in cells of the thymus as well as distal intestine, skin, gills and spleen. These cells were negative for immunoglobulin M (IgM). Intestinal intraepithelial leucocytes were CD3epsilon positive. During the SBM-induced enteropathy, the mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria of the distal intestine included many lymphocytes with a T-cell-like reactivity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed significantly increased expression of a complex polypeptide (CD3pp), CD4 and CD8beta (P < 0.05) in the distal intestine of SBM-fed fish compared to fish meal-fed reference fish. Increased reactivity for extracellular IgM in the lamina propria and a positive material between the epithelial cells at the tips of the folds was observed, possibly due to leakage of IgM through an abrogated epithelial barrier. In conclusion, a T-cell-like response appears to be involved in this example of a food-sensitive enteropathy.     

鸡坏死性肠炎模型构建和发病机理研究进展

当前由于抗生素生长促进剂的限制和禁用,世界范围内鸡坏死性肠炎(Necrotic enteritis,NE)的发生率大幅上升,威胁着家禽产业及公众健康。了解NE的模型构建和发病机理对鸡NE的有效防控起着积极作用。文章综述了产气荚膜梭菌及其毒素、NE感染的组织生物学变化、NE诱导因素及试验模型建立方法和评价等的最新研究进展。     

畜禽坏死性肠炎防制研究进展

畜禽坏死性肠炎主要是由产气荚膜梭菌引起的一种急性消化道传染病,具有较高的发病率和死亡率。该病不仅损害畜禽健康,影响动物福利,而且对养殖业发展及人类健康造成了严重威胁。抗菌药的出现对该病起到了积极限制的作用,然而随着抗菌药的不合理使用,耐药菌株不断增加,坏死性肠炎的发病率呈现升高的趋势,防制坏死性肠炎面临严峻挑战。作者从坏死性肠炎的特征入手,综述了坏死性肠炎的病原学、理化特性、流行病学、临床症状等,与此同时对坏死性肠炎的防制措施及目前常用药物进行了总结,客观分析了防制坏死性肠炎的趋势与发展方向,旨在健全对该病的认识,为坏死性肠炎的防制研究提供参考。     

Products to alleviate the effects of necrotic enteritis and aflatoxin on growth performance,lesion scores,and mortality in young broilers

This study investigated the effects of necrotic enteritis challenge or a necrotic enteritis challenge with an additional challenge from dietary aflatoxin B₁ compared to broilers that were unchallenged. Also tested were products designed to help alleviate those effects. Lesion scores were higher in broilers challenged to induce necrotic enteritis, but this did not increase with added aflatoxin. The presence of dietary aflatoxin during a necrotic enteritis challenge significantly increased the negative effects of the necrotic enteritis challenge. During the necrotic enteritis challenge virginiamycin, Calibrin-Z, or a blend of Calibrin-Z, an organic acid, and yucca, helped to decrease the effects of the challenge. When birds are challenged with necrotic enteritis and dietary aflatoxin is present, Calibrin-Z had an advantage over all other tested products.     

Intestinal mucosal immune response against virulent duck enteritis virus infection in ducklings

Duck virus enteritis (DVE) is an acute and contagious herpes virus infection of duck, geese and swans with high morbidity and mortality. The development of specific mucosal immune system against duck enteritis virus (DEV) infection for ducks has been hindered by a lack of knowledge concerning the purification of immunoglobulin A (IgA) of duck. In the present work, the method for purification of duck immunoglobulin A was developed, and the induction of intestinal mucosal immune responses against DEV was studied by orally infected ducklings with virulent DEV. The results showed that a continuous increased DEV DNA levels were observed in blood and various organs examined of orally infected ducklings throughout the infection, which was accompanied by the development of infection in ducklings from mild progressed to severe pathological lesions. Furthermore, a marked increased level of DEV-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in bile, serum and the intestinal tract, as well as the density of IgA⁺ cells in intestine were detected between 1 and 12 days p.i., followed by a drastic reduction of the antibody levels and the density of IgA⁺ cells at 15 days p.i. The results indicate that the DVE infection can stimulate both IgA-dominated antibody immune responses in the intestinal tract, and IgG-dominated antibody systemic immunity in the serum of ducklings orally inoculated with virulent DEV. The severe lesions of the villus epithelial cells and the lymphoid organs can suppress the intestinal mucosal immune responses.     

应用酶联免疫吸附试验法鉴定几种主要马铃薯病毒

制备了PVX,PVY_o,PVY~n,PVA,PVS,PVM,PLRV和TRV等8种主要马铃薯病毒抗体的辣根过氧化物酶结合物,在检测黑龙江省马铃薯主栽品种克新一、二、三、四号等品种的植株样品1155份和800余份正在脱毒中的试管苗样品中,发现上述8种马铃薯病毒在几个主栽品种中的侵染率较高,而且大多数感病植株是由3至7种病毒复合侵染,并首次查明本省存在PVY~n和PVM病毒。对不带上述8种病毒的样品又用双向反向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定带马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒(Potato spindle Tuber Viroid)状况,现已获得无上述8种病毒和类病毒的种植材料。     

鸡源A型产气荚膜梭菌致病性及药物疗效分析

本研究旨在调查规模化养鸡场内鸡源产气荚膜梭菌（Clostridium perfringens,CP）的致病性和耐药性,并评价阿维拉霉素和磷酸泰乐菌素预防CP感染鸡群发生坏死性肠炎（necrotizing enteritis,NE）的效果,为鸡NE的防治提供指导。在河北、山西两地选择有CP引起NE发病史的规模化养鸡场,随机采集新鲜粪便,分离CP,并通过多重PCR测定其毒素型。选定3个不同养殖场分离到的A型CP,以10⁹CFU·只^-1的剂量,连续5 d经灌胃的方式感染14日龄SPF鸡,观察肠道病变和NE发生情况,评价分离菌株的致病力。使用微量肉汤稀释法测定分离到的CP对阿维拉霉素、林可霉素和磷酸泰乐菌素的最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）。根据MIC结果,选择药物敏感性较好的两种药物对因CP引起NE发病的鸡群中未出现临床症状的鸡进行预防试验,观察精神食欲、腹泻症状、肠道病变情况,统计CP检出率和NE发生率,评价两种药物预防效果。结果显示：自753份鸡粪便样品分离到91株CP,且毒素型全部为A型。攻毒试验结果显示：A、B、C组攻毒组NE病变发生率均显著高于未攻毒组D组（P<0.05）,攻毒组肠道病变评分均显著高于未攻毒组（P<0.05）。与未攻毒组相比,攻毒组出现明显的腹泻症状和肠道病变,差异显著（P<0.05）,3株CP都可以引起鸡NE。MIC结果表明：阿维拉霉素、林可霉素和磷酸泰乐菌素的MIC范围分别是0.25～4、0.125～128和0.25～32 μg·mL^-1。药物疗效试验结果表明：通过拌料连续21 d给予阿维拉霉素预混剂,给药期间及停药后1周可保护鸡群,防止出现NE症状或防止病变恶化,显著降低NE发生率、NE病变评分以及CP检出率（P<0.05）。通过拌料连续7 d给予磷酸泰乐菌素预混剂,效果与阿维拉霉素预混剂相当,但停药14 d后,6只鸡（6/11）又出现NE症状。目前,河北、山西省部分规模化鸡养殖场内流行的CP多为A型,并且可以引起NE,同时,A型CP对阿维拉霉素和磷酸泰乐菌素仍较敏感,其预混剂用于发病鸡群的预防效果较好。