室内环境养蛹预测柑橘大实蝇成虫发生期

柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax是为害我国柑橘类果树的重要害虫。准确地预测柑橘大实蝇的羽化动态,对提高其成虫时期的防治效果具有重要意义。本试验以石门县为例,在2014年-2016年连续3年采用室内环境和柑橘园观察圃中养蛹的方法,逐日观察其羽化出土动态,计算室内环境较柑橘园观察圃中柑橘大实蝇羽化盛期的提前程度,并分析温度、湿度和降雨量等环境因素对提前程度的影响。结果显示,柑橘大实蝇的羽化出土动态受到温度、降水等环境因素的综合影响,温度较高降水充足的年份,成虫的羽化进度和羽化周期相应提前和缩短。但室内环境下柑橘大实蝇羽化盛期较柑橘园观察圃中具有相对稳定的提前天数,2014年-2016年室内环境下柑橘大实蝇羽化的始盛日、高峰日和盛末日分别比柑橘园观察圃中相应时期提前(5.7±1.2)d、(6.3±1.9)d和(7.7±2.1)d。而且提前程度不受温度、湿度和降雨量等环境因素的影响。因此,室内环境养蛹的方法可较为准确地预测柑橘大实蝇的羽化动态,从而指导柑橘大实蝇的成虫诱杀。     

中华按蚊拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂击倒抗性突变的研究进展

主要阐述了钠离子通道的结构和功能、拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的作用机理,总结了中华按蚊钠离子通道中与拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂抗性相关的kdr突变及其抗性机理,为后续中华按蚊抗性机制的深入研究提供了理论依据。     

Multilocus identification and thiophanate-methyl sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex associated with fruit with symptoms and symptomless leaves of mango

Colletotrichum spp. are known causal agents of anthracnose in a broad host range, causing severe losses. Currently, the most effective way to reduce disease is by fungicide application, which could give rise to resistant populations. This study aimed to determine the Colletotrichum species present in conventional and organic mango orchards and to evaluate their pathogenicity and sensitivity to the benzimidazole fungicide thiophanate-methyl. Seventy-one isolates from fruit with symptoms and symptomless leaves were obtained. From these, 20 representative morphotypes were analysed based on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase partial gene sequencing. A subset of 10 isolates based on different species, isolation source, and fungicide sensitivity was used for morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Colletotrichum queenslandicum was only identified in conventional production systems, C. chrysophilum only in organic systems, and C. asianum and C. siamense in both. Pathogenicity tests showed all species were pathogenic, and only C. asianum caused symptoms via both unwounded and wounded inoculation methods. Overall, 25.3% of isolates (n = 18) that belong to C. siamense, isolated from a conventional orchard, grew on thiophanate-methyl amended media at 1,000 µg/ml, suggesting high resistance. Resistance was not correlated with any common point mutations at positions 198 and 200 of the β-tubulin 2 protein, as commonly found in other fungal pathogens resistant to benzimidazole. The 74.7% remaining isolates (n = 53) belonging to the other species were sensitive, reaching 100% inhibition at <10 µg/ml. Even with benzimidazole application, anthracnose symptoms persist due to the emergence of pathogenic Colletotrichum subpopulations that are resistant to thiophanate-methyl.     

路基边坡坡面冲刷发生条件探讨

探讨了坡面冲刷过程中土壤的受力情况、坡面流能量及其平衡。从土壤的冲刷起动拖曳力入手 ,得出了发生坡面冲刷的条件。最后给出了一个工程算例。     

烟粉虱CRISPR/Cas9系统的建立及其在BtTRP基因温度耐受性功能验证中的应用

烟粉虱之所以能在全世界范围内迅速扩散并成为重要害虫,其关键因素之一就是对温度变化的抵抗力很强。随着环境的变化,动物体中的很多细胞表面受体和离子通道感受器都会做出相应的反应,影响动物的行为。其中,昆虫对外界环境温度的感知就与瞬时感受器阳离子通道（transient receptor potential,TRP）有关。本研究探索了一种简单高效的试验方法,即通过CRISPR/cas9系统来诱导烟粉虱的基因突变,探究烟粉虱BtTRP基因在温度感受方面的功能。文中阐述了向烟粉虱MED隐种红眼期伪蛹注射BtTRP靶基因sgRNA和Cas9 mRNA,高效诱导靶标基因发生突变并进行高温和低温胁迫试验,进而检测其击倒和恢复时间。结果表明,注射后的烟粉虱对外界温度变化敏感度显著下降,从而不能进行温度适应性调节,导致对高低温环境的耐受性均有明显下降。     

陕西桃树害虫新纪录--中华锉叶蜂生物学特性的初步研究

中华锉叶蜂是陕西省桃树上近年新发现的一种害虫。通过室内饲养和室外系统调查,初步明确了该害虫在陕西关中地区的发生规律和生物学特性,为进一步开展害虫监测和防治研究打下了基础。     

莱芜市土蝗发生区域分布及防治对策研究

通过10a的调查研究,明确本市土蝗有20种,其中优势种8种。在不同时期,不同生态环境下,其优势种分布有明显不同。温度、降水、地形地貌、植被种类及覆盖度对发生程度有明显影响。同时还探讨了土蝗的防治,强调“改治并举,根除蝗患”是防治土蝗的根本策略。     

甜菜夜蛾预测方法研究

应用菏泽市虫情历史资料,在分析影响甜菜夜蛾发生因素的基础上,制定了利用历期、有效积温预测发生期和利用综合分析、逐步回归分析预测发生程度的方法,并分别组建了主要发生为害代三、四代的发生程度预测回归式.通过实际预报应用检验,证明所制定的预测方法较为准确可行.