玉米单倍体高自然加倍材料吉Gjb335DH3的遗传分析与QTL初定位研究

玉米单倍体育种技术加倍率低的问题是单倍体育种技术应用限制条件。本研究以雄穗低自然加倍材料DHL287为母本、雄穗高自然加倍材料吉Gjb335DH³为父本,构建单倍体雄穗高自然加倍群体。根据集群分离分析法（BSA,Bulked segregant analysis）,结合SNP标记,使用滑动窗口分析3组BSA混池基因型数据,最终在1、3、4、5、7号染色体上筛选出23个与雄穗高自然加倍相关的QTL位点。其中,3组BSA混池结果都在1、3、4号染色体上定位到4个共有的显著QTL区段,说明4个QTL区段具有很强的重演性。同时,在5、7号染色体上分别定位到3个、2个与单倍体雄穗高自然加倍相关的QTL位点。     

28株牛源分枝杆菌的耐药基因突变分析

为明确分离自宁夏、甘肃和新疆地区的28株牛源分枝杆菌的耐药基因突变情况,通过采用16S rRNA、MPT64和多位点PCR方法进行基因分型鉴定,L-J比例法对其进行药敏试验,随后用DNA测序技术对10株耐药菌和4株敏感菌进行耐药基因检测及突变分析。分型鉴定结果表明,28株分离株均属于结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTBC),其中26株为牛分枝杆菌,2株为人型结核分枝杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,28株MTBC中18株对4种一线抗结核药物敏感,10株耐药。耐药菌株中,1株对利福平耐药;7株对异烟肼、利福平和链霉素三重耐药;2株对异烟肼、利福平、链霉素和乙胺丁醇四重耐药。耐药基因突变位点分析结果表明,rpoB 378位点的突变率为10.0%;katG 463位点的突变率为100.0%;rrs 311位点的突变率为11.1%;embB 378位点的突变率为100.0%;oxyR-ahpC和rpsL位点无突变。提示宁夏、甘肃和新疆地区奶牛场中MTBC主要以牛分枝杆菌为主,且存在耐多药情况,耐药突变位点以katG 463和embB 378为主。     

Carbendazim sensitivity in populations of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex infecting strawberry and yams in Hubei Province of China

The ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a devastating plant pathogen with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Carbendazim has been widely used to control anthracnose caused by the C. gloeosporioides complex in China for more than 30 years and resistance to carbendazim has been reported in China. A total of 125 Colletotrichum isolates of strawberry and yam were collected from different geographical regions in Hubei Province, China. Approximately 52.8% of Colletotrichum spp. isolates showed resistance to carbendazim. The isolates tested in this study belong to four species, and the frequencies of resistant isolates differed across Colletotrichum species. Resistant isolates were found in C. siamense and C. fructicola. In contrast, all isolates of C. gloeosporioides and C. aenigma were sensitive to carbendazim. Highly carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the E198 A mutation in the β-tubulin 2(TUB2) gene, whereas moderately carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the F200 Y mutation in the TUB2 gene. Carbendazim-sensitive Colletotrichum isolates in this study were not genetically similar enough to form a separate cluster from resistant isolates. The result of this study emphasizes the importance of knowing which Colletotrichum sp. is present, when strategies for disease control are made.     

草地螟发生程度的划分

为了把草地螟的监测预报工作做好,与有关省、自治区合作,对草地螟的发生程度进行了划分。明确选择分级要素时要遵循普遍性和通俗性原则;确定分级量化指标时要依据因地制宜、区别对待以及统一与协调相结合的原则。按照统一的原则和方法,协调解决各方面的矛盾,使部分省、自治区完成了草地螟发生程度的划分工作。对尚未完成划分的地区具有一定示范参考作用。     

检疫性有害生物发生程度评估方法的建立

通过对检疫性有害生物的发生危害情况进行综合分析研究,揭示了一套检疫性病、虫、杂草的发生面积统计标准以及发生程度4级评估方法,并利用该方法制作了2000～2002年广西23种检疫性有害生物疫情发生情况图.     

Identification of mutations in the para sodium channel of Bemisia tabaci from Crete, associated with resistance to pyrethroids

We investigated the mechanisms of resistance to α-cypermethrin in a Q biotype, highly resistant Bemisia tabaci strain (GRMAL-RP) isolated from Crete. Cytochrome P450-dependent monoxygenase activity with the substrate ethoxycoumarin, and carboxylesterase activity with the substrates α-naphthyl-acetate, β-naphthyl-acetate, and para-nitrophenol acetate were substantially elevated in the GRMAL-RP, compared to the susceptible SUD-S strain, while glutathione-S-transferase activity with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was not different. The metabolic inhibitors piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate synergised cypermethrin toxicity in the GRMAL-RP strain, however, mortality was still lower than that of the susceptible strain, indicating the presence of an additional resistance mechanism. Analysis of the sequence of the IIS4-IIS6 region of the para sodium channel gene of the GRMAL-RP strain revealed two amino acid replacements compared to that of the SUD-S susceptible strain. One is the leucine to isoleucine substitution at position 925 (L925I) previously implicated in B. tabaci pyrethroid resistance and the other is a novel kdr resistant mutation for B. tabaci, a threonine to valine substitution at position 929 (T929V). Genotype analysis showed that the L925I and T929V were present in all GRMAL-RP males tested, at an approximately 1:1 frequency, but never in combination in the same haplotype.     

温室野蛞蝓的发生规律及综合治理技术的研究

本文介绍了温室有害软体动物野蛞蝓ＡｇｒｉｏｌｉｍａｘａｇｒｅｓｔｉｓＬ．的习性和危害特点，进行了综合防治试验。结果证明，填实育苗营养袋间的空隙防治效果达８９％；地面撒布呋喃丹３％颗粒剂，施用量８．３ｇ／ｍ２，防治效果达８０％～９５％，方法可行，利于推广。     

设施栽培果树病虫害种类与发生特点

对桃、杏、樱桃设施栽培下病虫害调查的结果显示，全区设施果树病虫(螨)害共27种，其中虫(螨)害16种，分属4目12科；病害11种，分属9目9科(属)。主要病虫(螨)害12种(病害6种，虫害5种，螨类1种)。经对果树主要病虫(螨)害在设施条件下的发生危害规律观察，总结出了设施果树病虫害发生特点。     

The use of COLD‐PCR,DHPLC and GeneScanning for the highly sensitive detection of c‐KIT somatic mutations in canine mast cell tumours

The conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing methods may be poorly suited for the detection of somatic mutations in canine mast cell tumour (MCT) samples owing to limited sensitivity. This study was aimed at establishing novel and more sensitive methods, assessing their limit of detection and comparing their sensitivity with conventional methods.Two different ‘driver’ somatic mutations of c‐KIT, together with the wild‐type counterparts, were cloned in plasmids to prepare standard samples with known concentrations of mutated alleles in a background of wild‐type alleles; the plasmids standards were assayed using either conventional or novel, highly sensitive technique. Conventional PCR/sequencing showed a sensitivity of 50–20%. Conversely, all the novel methods obtained higher sensitivities allowed reaching as low as 2.5–1.2% of the mutated DNA.The study demonstrates that early conventional methods could likely have underestimated the prevalence of KIT mutations of MCTs, therefore affecting the assessment of their relevance in prognosis and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment effectiveness.     

Proteomic analysis of intestinal mucosa responses to Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in naturally infected pig

Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is one of the most frequent Salmonella serotypes isolated from European pigs. Despite the advances in understanding the mechanisms involved in host–pathogen interactions and host cell responses to S. typhimurium, the global change that occurs in naturally exposed populations has been poorly characterized. Here, we present a proteomics study on intestinal mucosa of pigs naturally infected with S. typhimurium, in order to better understand the pathogenesis of salmonellosis and the pathways which might be affected after infection. Samples were analyzed by 2D-DIGE and 44 different proteins exhibited statistically significant differences. The data set was analyzed by employing the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and the physiological function most significantly perturbed were immunological and infectious disease, cellular assembly and organization and metabolism. The pathways implicated in the porcine immune response to S. typhimurium were gluconeogenesis and Rho GDI/RhoA signaling, and our results suggest that keratins and the intermediate filaments could play an important role in the damage of the mucosa and in the success of infection. The role of these findings in salmonellosis has been discussed, as well as the importance of analyzing naturally infected animals to have a complete picture of the infection. Also, we compared the results found in this work with those obtained in a similar study using experimentally infected animals.