Quantitative and Qualitative Body Traits of Longling Yellow Goats in China

Quantitative, qualitative and phenotypic body measurements were determined on Longling Yellow goats in Longling of Yunnan Province in China. Body weight was determined at birth and then at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 mon of age. Body measurements traits including height at wither （HW）, body length （BL）, heart girth （HG）, chest depth （CD）, and circumference of cannon bone （CCB） were determined at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 mon of age. Phenotypic traits including coat colour, horns type, tip horn torsion, nose type, hair on forehead, wattles, ear lobes, black back line, hair on legs, and black hair on belly were determined at 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 mon of age. Males were heavier （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05） than females; and except for chest depth at 24 mon of age （P 〉 0.05）, all other body measurements were also higher （P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05） in males. HW, BL, CD, HG, and BW increased （P 〈 0.01） with age, except for 48 mon of females （P 〉 0.05）; while CCB did not always increase with age. HG had the highest correlation （P〈0.01） with body weights of both sexes. No differences were observed between the two sexes in the colour of the coat, horn type, tip horn torsion, nose type, ear lobes, black back line, and black hair on belly. However, differences exist between the two sexes in the presence of hair on forehead, wattles and long hair on legs. The female goats absence of tip horn torsion had positive effect on all variables measured at 36 and 48 mort of age （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. The presence of wattles was associated with heavier body weights from 18 mort （P〈0.01） of age onward, and also with longer HW, BL and CD （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05） in female goats. Female goats with ear lobes had heavier body weights at 12, 36 and 48 mon （P〈0.01） and longer CCB at 12 and 24 mon of ages （P〈0.05）. Hair on legs and black hair on belly only had partly effect body measurements on 12 mon of Longling Yellow female goats. Results of this study provide valuable information that will assist breeders and genetic improvement specialists when conducting selection and preservation programs in Longling Yellow goats in China.     

辽宁绒山羊卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的分析

为了获取高质量的卵泡卵母细胞,提高绒山羊体外胚胎生产的效率,采用切割法与抽吸法采集卵泡卵母细胞,并对获得的可用卵母细胞进行了体外成熟培养,表明结果:切割法获得的可用卵母细胞较多,明显增加了用于体外成熟的卵母细胞数。在温度37.0、38.0、39.0℃条件下对卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养,成熟率分别为67.74%、72.00%、75.38%,表明39.0℃适合辽宁绒山羊卵母细胞体外成熟培养。在温度39.0℃条件下用10%胎牛血清(FCS)的TCM-199培养液培养卵母细胞的成熟率为78.57%,而在10g/LBSA的TCM-199培养液中培养卵母细胞的成熟率为74.07%,二者差异不显著。     

Isolation and characterization of an Indian ORF virus from goats

Isolation and characterization of an orf virus has been described here. The virus was isolated from an outbreak of 'scabby mouth' in goats in Northern India. Viral morphology from the scab biopsy revealed typical ovoid-shaped particles characteristic of Parapoxvirus. Virus was isolated from sonicated scab suspension and characterized by restriction enzyme (RE) analysis and sequencing of full-length GM-CSF- and interleukin-2 inhibitory factor (GIF) gene. RE pattern of the virus did not show close resemblance to most of the orf viruses published earlier. However, it showed high sequence identity and closer phylogenetic relationship with previously published ORFV-SA00 strain, as evident from the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of GIF gene.     

不同能氮水平的日粮对生长期海南黑山羊采食量和营养物质消化代谢的影响

选用12只海南黑山羊断奶羔羊（约4月龄）分成4组,采用4×4拉丁方设计。按照Keral适宜于发展中国家的山羊饲养标准为参考,设计了高能高氮、低能高氮、高能低氮、低能低氮4种能氮比的日粮,探讨不同能氮水平的日粮对生长期海南黑山羊采食量和营养物质消化代谢的影响。结果表明,不同能氮水平日粮对生长期海南黑山羊营养物质的采食量和消化率都有显著的影响,有的甚至达到极显著水平。     

7种能量饲料淀粉降解率的研究

以6头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的浏阳去势黑山羊为实验动物,利用瘤胃尼龙袋技术研究大麦、大米、高粱、荞麦、小麦、小米、玉米等7种常用谷物饲料淀粉在羊瘤胃内的降解率规律。结果表明各种饲料淀粉有效降解率(%)顺序为:大麦>小麦>玉米>大米>荞麦>高粱>小米。其中以大麦的淀粉有效降解率最高达97.05%,小米的最小为36.43%,其它依次为96.28%、55.37%、45.23%、44.10%、42.58%。     

山羊、水牛感染肝片吸虫后淋巴细胞自然杀伤活性动态变化

自然杀伤 (NK)活性是在细胞水平反映机体天然免疫力的重要指标之一。本实验以SP2 / 0细胞为靶细胞 (即效应细胞 ) ,采用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)短程释放法测定人工感染肝片吸虫的水牛和山羊的外周血液中淋巴细胞的NK活性动态变化。从测定结果的相对值来看 ,发现山羊在感染肝片吸虫后NK活性有 2次高峰 ,推测与虫体的发育或感染山羊的免疫状态有关 ;2个感染组 (Ⅰ ,2 0 0个囊蚴 /只 ;Ⅱ ,50 0个囊蚴 /只 )的变化趋势表明 ,感染量与NK活性无相关关系。感染水牛的NK值仅略高于对照组 ,无明显的高峰。而绝对值结果又反映出不同动物的NK活性有差异 ,水牛的NK活性比山羊高 ,说明水牛对肝片吸虫的天然免疫力比山羊强     

麻城黑山羊及杂交后代的胴体品质与肉质特性

分析麻城黑山羊及杂交后代胴体品质与肉质特性,探讨麻城黑山羊的改良和新品系选育。选用麻城黑山羊(Ⅰ,对照组)、波尔山羊×麻城黑山羊(Ⅱ)、麻城黑山羊×波麻F1(Ⅲ)、波麻F1×波麻F1(Ⅳ)和波尔山羊×波麻F1(Ⅴ)5组,以放牧加补饲的方式育肥,试验期90d,于试验始日及第90天称量,试验结束时于每个组选取12只屠宰并分析胴体品质和肉质性状。结果表明,杂交后代的肥育性能较麻城黑山羊组均有所提高,其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组的日增量极显著高于麻城黑山羊(P<0.01);杂交后代的胴体性状较麻城黑山羊有较大提高,其中Ⅱ、Ⅴ组的屠宰率和净肉率分别显著、极显著高于麻城黑山羊(P<0.05,P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅳ组的肉骨比显著高于麻城黑山羊(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅴ组的眼肌面积极显著高于麻城黑山羊(P<0.01);各组间主要肉质性状除麻城黑山羊宰后24h的pH显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)外,其余差异均不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组的Fe含量显著高于麻城黑山羊(P<0.05),杂交后代肌肉的氨基酸组分完全,且氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸含量均高于麻城黑山羊。结果显示,Ⅱ组是肉羊生产理想的杂交组合,Ⅴ组可用于进一步培育麻城黑山羊新品系的研究。     

放牧条件下绒山羊绒毛季节性生长变化规律的研究

本试验研究放牧条件下绒山羊绒毛季节性生长变化的规律。选择体重及产绒性能相近的2.5岁内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊10只,随机均分为2组,分别接受自然光照和短光照处理,短光照组每天的光照时间比自然光照组减少2小时,两组试羊在同一草场放牧。结果表明,放牧条件下,随牧草营养值下降(CP含量13.9%～6.0%)和光照递减(14.6～9.4h/d),绒毛生长呈慢—快—慢增长模式,主要的生长期在9月下旬～12月上旬,11月份为高峰期;减少光照可刺激绒毛生长,使快速生长的时间提前至8月下旬,绒毛长度增加10.9%,但生长模式不变。绒毛细度(14.6～14.9μm)和强度(6.9～5.9g)不受季节影响,但绒毛伸度下降54.3%;减少光照不改变绒毛强度和伸度,但绒毛细度增加5.6%、产绒量提高12.5%。     

隆林山羊与努比亚山羊杂交对后代生产性能和肉品质影响的研究

为了促进广西隆林山羊杂交改良技术的应用,提高隆林山羊的生产效益,本研究以努比亚山羊、隆林山羊及努隆杂交F1代（努比亚山羊♂×隆林山羊♀）为研究对象,所有山羊都在相同水平下进行饲养管理,选取3个群体共205只山羊,分别对1、3、6月龄山羊的生产性能及体尺指标进行测定,选取6只6月龄的父母代及杂交F1代进行屠宰,取其背最长肌进行肉品质分析。结果表明,努隆杂交F1代经产母羊的产羔率、羔羊成活率与父母代差异不显著（P>0.05）,初生重、不同月龄体尺指标与父母代差异极显著（P<0.01）,努隆杂交F1代宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率较隆林山羊都有显著提高（P<0.05）,肌肉粗蛋白质含量、肌内脂肪含量、必需氨基酸、风味氨基酸、游离脂肪酸与父母代均有不同程度的提高。因此,努比亚山羊在改善隆林山羊体型、生长速度和肉品质上综合表现良好。