杨梅采后保鲜技术研究进展

分析了杨梅采后变质的主要内外因,综述了低温保鲜、气调保鲜、保鲜剂保鲜以及涂膜保鲜等国内外杨梅保鲜技术研究的最新进展,并提出了目前杨梅保鲜存在的主要问题及发展方向,为今后进一步开展杨梅采后保鲜技术的研究提供参考。     

Effects of Ozone on Growth of Seven Grass and One Clover Species

Abstract

Seven species of grass and one of red clover were grown at different ozone (O₃) concentrations for about five weeks in growth chambers located in a greenhouse. At an O₃ concentration of 55 compared with 10 nmol mol^?1 during 7 h day^?1 the shoot dry weight decreased by 45% in Phleum pratense, 28% in Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis, 23% in Festuca rubra and 16% in Festuca pratensis, while the effects on Agrostis tenuis were not significant. No effect was found at 25 compared with 10 nmol mol^?1O₃. Visible O₃ injury was observed in all six species at 55 nmol mol^?1 and this effect was generally well correlated with the effect on the dry weights. In another experiment no effect was found with O₃ concentrations of up to 62 nmol mol_?1 on Lolium perénne, while the dry weight in Trifolium pratense decreased by 30% at 59 compared with that at 6 nmol mol^?1.     

杨梅澄清汁及浓缩汁中花色苷热降解动力学的研究

杨梅花色苷易受温度、pH值等因素的影响而发生降解,是导致产品外观品质变劣的主要原因。本文研究了杨梅澄清汁及浓缩汁内花色苷在不同pH值和不同加热温度下的热稳定性。花色苷降解动力学数据的分析结果表明：杨梅花色苷热降解属动力学一级反应,随着pH值和温度的升高,杨梅花色苷降解的半衰期(t_1/2)和热降解活化能(Ea)显著下降,即花色苷的降解速度增大;同一处理条件下,浓缩果汁的t_1/2明显低于澄清汁。而反应速率常数k和Ea值大于澄清果汁,说明澄清汁花色苷的热稳定性优于浓缩汁。     

Effects of Application of Boron on Growth,Yields, and Quality of Red Bayberry

ABSTRACT

Three field experiments at three sites in east Zhejiang Province were conducted to determine the influence of applications of boron (B) on growth, yield, and quality of the red bayberry trees (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zuca) with a manure species of “Buqizhong” in Linhai city. Ground B application or foliar B spraying significantly improved length and incidence rates of spring and summer shoots and increased fruit set rates, which resulted in the increases in fruit yield (13.7–17.5% for ground B application or 13.2–27.3% for foliar B spraying) and in improvement of fruit quality. The optimum yields were recorded with the treatments of ground B application of 40 g tree^?1 of borax or foliar B spraying of 2.0 g L^?1 of borax. Spring shoot incidents for the treatment of ground application of 50 g borax tree^?1 every year during the experiment (4B₅₀) were significantly higher than that for the treatment of ground application of 50 g borax tree^?1 only in the first year of the experiment (B₅₀), but the yield difference between them was not significant at P = 0.05. The increased yield effect of ground B application could last for 3 years. Boron application of red bayberry trees can be carried out by foliar-spraying 2.0 g borax L^?1 every year or ground application of 50 g borax tree^?1 every 3 years. The results of this study showed that application B could significantly improve the growth and increased fruit yield and quality of the red bayberry trees not exhibiting any vegetative symptoms of B deficiency.     

湘西南地区紫羊茅草坪春季杂草种类调查及防除效果研究

湘西南地区紫羊茅草坪春季杂草调查结果表明,湘西南地区紫羊茅草坪中的春季杂草主要有12个科16种,禾本科杂草为白茅、白顶早熟禾;阔叶杂草为空心莲子菜、小飞蓬、一年蓬、半边莲、野艾蒿、直立婆婆纳等。其中一年蓬、小飞蓬、白茅、白顶早熟禾、半边莲、婆婆纳、野艾蒿、车前草、空心莲子菜、香附子、剪刀草等为主要杂草,为重要的防除对象;酢浆草、佛甲草、窃衣、天胡荽、卷耳等为次要杂草。防除效果研究表明,0.5%二甲四氯钠20mL/m2+0.15%高效盖草能20mL/m2比0.5%二甲四氯钠20mL/m2单独使用对阔叶杂草有效;2%猪殃净40mL/m2对紫羊茅草坪中的阔叶杂草有很好的防治效果,可以选择;0.1%高效盖草特30mL/m2+0.15%高效盖草能45mL/m2+2%猪殃净50mL/m2+0.5%二甲四氯钠30mL/m2的杂草防除效果最为理想,但不宜在紫羊茅草坪中使用。试验药剂单用或者混用都不能防除窃衣、卷耳。     

The termiticidal activity of Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff (Lauraceae) extract and its active constituent rubrynolide

BACKGROUND: Termites are degradation agents that inflict severe damage on wood. Some long‐lasting Amazonian trees can resist these insects by producing toxic secondary metabolites. These metabolites could potentially replace synthetic termiticidal products which are becoming more restricted to use. RESULTS: Sextonia rubra is resistant to termite‐induced degradation. It has been demonstrated that this species naturally produces an ethyl‐acetate‐soluble termiticidal metabolite, rubrynolide, to protect its wood. Assays in the presence of tropical and invasive termites established that both rubrynolide and crude ethyl acetate extract from S. rubra wood can be used as a treatment for the protection of sensitive woods against termites. CONCLUSION: Rubrynolide and S. rubra extract are promising candidates for the replacement of synthetic termiticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

鸡蛋花及其栽培技术

鸡蛋花是夹竹桃科,鸡蛋花属落叶小乔木或灌木,其树形美观,花清香淡雅,既适合园林绿化或盆栽观赏,又具有药用价值。鸡蛋花以扦插繁殖为主,栽培管理注意施足基肥,根据生长季节适时追肥,干旱季节及时浇水,雨季注意排水防涝,冬季节制浇水、停止施肥,注意防治枯枝病、白粉病和介壳虫,并适时适量喷药防治。     

俄罗斯紫羊茅在哈尔滨地区的引种适应性评价

为了筛选出适宜黑龙江地区种植的紫羊茅(Festuca rubra L.)新品种,对从俄罗斯引进的6份紫羊茅种子的萌发特性、物候期和农艺性状进行综合评价。结果表明:除ZMC142资源外,其它5份资源在当地的适应性均较好,其中ZMC4资源的株高最高、叶长和叶宽均最长、小穗数最多,有较好的丰产潜力;ZMC141资源返青早、株高最矮、叶长和叶宽均最短、青绿期最长,是坪用性能极好的紫羊茅资源。