柏牡蛎蚧在杨梅上的发生和防治技术研究

对柏牡蛎蚧形态与生物学特性进行了系统研究。该蚧主要寄生在杨梅的叶片和一、二年生枝条上。在江苏太湖地区一年发生两代，以受精雌成蚧越冬，越冬代雌成蚧的平均产卵量为９３．２１粒，第一代雌成蚧的均卵量少于越冬代雌成蚧，为６０．２２粒，其发育适温为２０－２６℃，当平均气温高２７℃，相对湿度低于８０％时不利于其卵与若虫的生长发育。采用农业防治与化学防治相结合，在第一代一龄若虫期使用机油乳剂或扑虱灵防效较好。优     

杨梅枝条枯萎病病原菌分离鉴定及防治药剂的室内筛选

为了查明浙江省温州市瑞安大面积杨梅枝条枯死的主要原因,采用组织分离法对枯死的杨梅枝条进行病原分离,获得1种主要真菌分离物HN01。根据分离物的培养性状、孢子大小,结合显微镜检测和分子生物学ITs序列测定,该菌株被鉴定为聚多拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis sydowiana)。对菌株进行柯赫氏法则验证,证明聚多拟盘多毛孢是导致杨梅枝条枯死的病原菌。筛选4种杀菌剂对该病原菌进行室内毒力测定,结果50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂的防效较好,EC50 值为1.21 mg/L。     

不同方法对杨梅园果蝇田间诱集防治效果比较

果蝇是近年为害杨梅Myricarubra最为严重的害虫。其繁殖周期短,通常1周左右即可繁殖1代,且成虫寿命期长,杨梅成熟季节果园内气候条件非常适合果蝇的生存和繁殖。果蝇主要为害成熟杨梅果实,雌虫将卵产于杨梅果实中,卵孵化后幼虫在果实内蛀食,造成果实表面凹凸不平,果汁外溢,品质变劣,严重影响产品的鲜销和深加工。     

杨梅大棚设施栽培研究

[目的]通过大棚设施栽培促进苏州地区杨梅提早成熟。[方法]以苏州引种的4个杨梅品种为材料,研究大棚设施栽培对果实品质、成熟期和物侯期的影响。[结果]大棚栽培可以提早杨梅的物候期和果实成熟期,但对杨梅果实品质的影响因品种不同而有所差异。[结论]大棚设施栽培可以促进杨梅果实提早成熟。     

云南杨梅种植气候生态适应性的统计分析

 以影响杨梅产量和果实品质的气候要素资料，借助SAS,DPS统计软件进行多元统计分析。主成分分析结果表明，前3个主成分的累计贡献率达到87.44%，第1主成分表现为水分因子的影响，第2主成分表现为温度因子的影响，第3主成分表现为温度和干燥度对不同海拔高度的地区的综合影响为地形因素。R型聚类分析显示，14个气候要素可分为4类，分别为：温度因子、水分因子、干燥度因子和地形因子。两种分析共同揭示了影响杨梅生长和果实品质的气候因子组成。为提高杨梅产量，果实品质和杨梅栽培区划提供新的理论依据。     

大棚栽培对杨梅物候期及经济效益的影响

杨梅大棚栽培提高了棚内温度和湿度,使物候期显著提前,成熟期提早15-17 d,单果重增大16.5%以上,且品质优良。大棚栽培总体上提早了慈溪市本地杨梅上市时间,提高了商品优质果率,延长了市场供应期。大棚杨梅年净收益47.40-53.70万元·hm-2,经济效益显著。     

Effects of Application of Boron on Growth,Yields, and Quality of Red Bayberry

ABSTRACT

Three field experiments at three sites in east Zhejiang Province were conducted to determine the influence of applications of boron (B) on growth, yield, and quality of the red bayberry trees (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zuca) with a manure species of “Buqizhong” in Linhai city. Ground B application or foliar B spraying significantly improved length and incidence rates of spring and summer shoots and increased fruit set rates, which resulted in the increases in fruit yield (13.7–17.5% for ground B application or 13.2–27.3% for foliar B spraying) and in improvement of fruit quality. The optimum yields were recorded with the treatments of ground B application of 40 g tree^?1 of borax or foliar B spraying of 2.0 g L^?1 of borax. Spring shoot incidents for the treatment of ground application of 50 g borax tree^?1 every year during the experiment (4B₅₀) were significantly higher than that for the treatment of ground application of 50 g borax tree^?1 only in the first year of the experiment (B₅₀), but the yield difference between them was not significant at P = 0.05. The increased yield effect of ground B application could last for 3 years. Boron application of red bayberry trees can be carried out by foliar-spraying 2.0 g borax L^?1 every year or ground application of 50 g borax tree^?1 every 3 years. The results of this study showed that application B could significantly improve the growth and increased fruit yield and quality of the red bayberry trees not exhibiting any vegetative symptoms of B deficiency.     

Effects of Ozone on Growth of Seven Grass and One Clover Species

Abstract

Seven species of grass and one of red clover were grown at different ozone (O₃) concentrations for about five weeks in growth chambers located in a greenhouse. At an O₃ concentration of 55 compared with 10 nmol mol^?1 during 7 h day^?1 the shoot dry weight decreased by 45% in Phleum pratense, 28% in Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis, 23% in Festuca rubra and 16% in Festuca pratensis, while the effects on Agrostis tenuis were not significant. No effect was found at 25 compared with 10 nmol mol^?1O₃. Visible O₃ injury was observed in all six species at 55 nmol mol^?1 and this effect was generally well correlated with the effect on the dry weights. In another experiment no effect was found with O₃ concentrations of up to 62 nmol mol_?1 on Lolium perénne, while the dry weight in Trifolium pratense decreased by 30% at 59 compared with that at 6 nmol mol^?1.     

杨梅澄清汁及浓缩汁中花色苷热降解动力学的研究

杨梅花色苷易受温度、pH值等因素的影响而发生降解,是导致产品外观品质变劣的主要原因。本文研究了杨梅澄清汁及浓缩汁内花色苷在不同pH值和不同加热温度下的热稳定性。花色苷降解动力学数据的分析结果表明：杨梅花色苷热降解属动力学一级反应,随着pH值和温度的升高,杨梅花色苷降解的半衰期(t_1/2)和热降解活化能(Ea)显著下降,即花色苷的降解速度增大;同一处理条件下,浓缩果汁的t_1/2明显低于澄清汁。而反应速率常数k和Ea值大于澄清果汁,说明澄清汁花色苷的热稳定性优于浓缩汁。