杨梅主要病虫害的防治技术

介绍了杨梅病虫害综合防治技术、无公害防治简历、主要病虫害防治要点和植物生长调节剂的使用技术。通过健康栽培、调节生态和科学用药实现病虫害的综合治理；无公害防治简历抓住主要物候期提出技术规程，力求简洁实用；对主要病虫害提出关键防治时期和防治方法；植物生长调节剂则提倡适树使用。     

大杨梅在临沧市引种栽培技术初探

根据临沧市自然条件及大杨梅生物学特性，选择适宜的品种进行大杨梅栽培、水肥管理、病虫害防治等技术的初步探索，并取得了成功，为临沧市推广种殖大杨梅提供了可借鉴的经验。     

鸡蛋花植物文化和国内栽培历史

鸡蛋花原产美洲热带地区,现已广泛种植于热带亚热带地区。除园林观赏外,其花可食用、药用,且寓意丰富。据考证,鸡蛋花在我国已有300多年的栽培历史。本文从自然分布、相关文化以及引入中国时间考证三个方面对鸡蛋花作系统而全面的介绍。     

Optimization of triploidy induction in the blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814), using 6-dimethylaminopurine

Optimal conditions of 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP) for triploidy induction in the blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Leach, 1814) were investigated, targeting inhibition of second polar body (PB2) formation. Two experiments were conducted at a water temperature of 17.5–18.5°C where factorial combination of (1) four dosages (DSs) of 100, 150, 200 and 250 μM 6‐DMAP, four starting times (STs) of 15, 20, 25 and 30 min post fertilization, and two treatment durations (TDs) of 20 and 30 min and (2) three DSs of 50, 100 and 150 μM 6‐DMAP, three STs of 15, 20 and 25 min post fertilization, and three TDs of 10, 20 and 30 min, were applied respectively. Day 3 larvae were sampled for triploidy and survival. Percent triploidy was verified using flow cytometry (FCM). Results show that optimal inductions that combine both high rates of triploidy and reasonable survival were those treatments commenced 15 or 20 min post fertilization and continued for 20 or 30 min, using 100 μM 6‐DMAP. These conditions induced rates of triploidy and relative survival of 80.5–93.3% and 36.5–40.2%, respectively, in the first experiment, and corresponding rates were 79.1–93.6% and 20.7–43.0% in the second experiment. High percent triploidy were also obtained in a number of treatments using 150 μM 6‐DMAP, but with overall survival rates generally lower than those using 100 μM 6‐DMAP.     

Effects of oxygen supersaturation and temperature on juvenile greenlip, Haliotis laevigata Donovan, and blacklip, Haliotis rubra Leach, abalone

Growth and survival of juvenile greenlip (39.03 (SD 3.80) mm (n=524)) and blacklip (31.92 (SD 4.19) mm (n=531) abalone were investigated at high dissolved oxygen levels (95–120% saturation) between 17 and 19°C. Abalone were fed the same artificial diet and each species was contained in groups of approximately 30 individuals within triplicate tanks for each of six treatments and were exposed to flow through water adjusted to give experimental conditions for up to 75 days. Blacklip abalone held at 16.9°C and 97% oxygen saturation grew in shell length significantly faster than all other treatments of blacklip abalone held at 19°C, and significantly faster than blacklip abalone maintained at 111% oxygen saturation and 17.5°C. Both temperature and oxygen saturation significantly affected the survival of this species. Blacklip abalone held at 19°C had significantly lower survival for both 96% oxygen saturation and 120% oxygen saturation, compared with blacklip abalone maintained at either 110% oxygen saturation and 19°C, or for any 17°C treatment. No significant differences were noted for greenlip abalone within the range tested in terms of growth rate, food consumption rate or survival, indicating that greenlip abalone tolerated these conditions better than did blacklip abalone.     

模拟酸雨对杨梅生理生化特征的影响

研究了不同强度模拟酸雨对6年生东魁杨梅生理生化特征的影响。结果表明:随着模拟酸雨胁迫加剧,叶片可见伤害症状严重,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及叶绿素a/b比值显著降低,光系统I(IPSII)的潜在化学活性(Fv/Fo)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)显著降低,水分利用效率和光合能力显著下降,细胞质膜透性增加,MDA含量增加,SOD、POD和CAT活性受到明显抑制,从而抑制杨梅的生长发育。     

杨梅根瘤Frankia菌对重金属的抗性

采用生长抑制分析法研究从杨梅根瘤分离的10个Frankia菌菌株对9种重金属元素的抗性。一般所有供试菌株对Hg^2 和Ag^ 敏感，大部分菌株对Pb^2 (5～10mmol／L)、Cr2O7^2-(5～10mmol／L)、AsO2^-(5～10mmol／L)不敏感，部分菌株对Cu^2 、Co^2 、Ni^2 和Cd^2 也不敏感(MICs≥O．5mmol／L，有的菌株达到5mmol／L)。菌株之间对各种重金属的抗性存在较大差异，其中菌株Mda21对所有供试重金属都敏感，而菌株Mpall几乎能抗所有供试重金属，且有几个菌株能同时抗多种重金属。低浓度铅能促进抗铅菌株的生长，而高浓度铅对其生长有一定的抑制；抗铅菌株在含铅的培养基中仍具有固氮酶活性，在一定浓度范围内，随铅离子浓度的升高，固氮酶活性有所增强。Frankia菌的抗铅机理可能是其具有结合或螯合铅离子作用，对其他重金属的抗性机制尚不清楚。     

蜡杨梅砧木嫁接的晚稻杨梅盐碱地栽培试验

用2种不同砧木嫁接晚稻杨梅种植于盐碱地和酸性土壤中,进行杨梅栽培试验.结果表明,两种土壤中的营养元素除速效钾盐碱土高于酸性土外,其它均低于酸性土,但两种土壤上的杨梅叶片元素含量有所不同,大量元素盐碱土稍低于酸性土,而微量元素除Cu相同外其它均高于酸性土;本接杨梅种植在盐碱地上与蜡杨梅作砧木嫁接杨梅生长相比较,本接杨梅树...     

果蝇对云南杨梅的危害及发生规律研究初报

通过对云南杨梅主产区的果蝇种类鉴定、栖息场所及危害发生规律调查,结果表明：危害云南杨梅果实的主要害虫为双翅目（Diptera）果蝇科（Drosopilidaes）果蝇属（Drosophila）果蝇.果蝇广泛分布于杨梅园及其周边多种生态环境,具有发酵物、潮湿阴凉的生态环境,是果蝇栖息的主要场所和主要虫源;成虫的日活动高峰期为清晨和黄昏;果蝇对杨梅发生危害时期较早,杨梅生长中后期,果实肉质生硬,味酸稍甜时即被果蝇取食危害,随着杨梅的不断成熟,危害加剧,且果蝇对不同杨梅品种的危害程度和空间分布存在显著差异.