客车车身骨架强度与刚度的有限元分析

讨论了客车车身骨架有限元模型的建立。对车身骨架结构进行了水平弯曲、极限扭转、紧急转弯和紧急制动工况下的强度、刚度以及模态分析,得到骨架结构的应力、应变、扭矩和弯矩分布情况。最后通过静态应力试验验证该模型的正确性。     

我国各地区经济实力综合评价研究

介绍了主成分与聚类分析方法原理,以8项经济指标构建了综合反映各地区经济实力的评价体系,分析了经济指标间的关系和影响经济发展的主要因素,并对2006年我国大陆31个省(直辖市、自治区)的经济数据,利用多元统计中的主成分和聚类分析方法,对各地区综合经济实力进行了排序和分类.     

苏北湖区户用风光互补发电系统的设计与试验分析

离网型风光互补发电系统是解决湖区电力供应短缺问题的新选择.以金湖县宝应湖为应用背景,对风光互补发电系统进行设计和试验分析,为该系统在此地区的推广提供技术依据.     

柑桔类水果自动包装机的研究与设计

柑桔的采后商品化过程中,不同的环节需要不同的塑料薄膜包装。通过对现有水果包装机专利技术进行分析比较,提供了一种结构简明、单果包装成本低、功能机构切换快捷的新型水果包装机设计方案。     

双通道五味子打浆机三维CAD设计与应用

打浆机是五味子提取原汁的主要设备。应用三维CAD软件Solid Works的自顶而下的方法结合零件设计完成整个设计过程,并在现场试用20天效果良好。设计过程包括主体结构组成、主要参数的确定和计算、装配图设计及干涉分析和间隙分析、打浆主轴的三维CAE应力分析和运动分析等。     

流式细胞术在水生生物DNA含量和倍性分析中的应用

利用流式细胞仪对鲤鱼、银鲫、黄颡、牙鲆等淡水和海水鱼类进行了DNA含量测定或倍性分析。通过几百个样品的测定和分析,认为流式细胞仪在DNA相对含量测定和倍性分析上结果比较稳定一致,可以用于大量样品的测定分析。同时对待测样品的保存、处理及上样量等进行了一系列比较研究,找出最好的保存方法、最简便的样品处理方法和最少的上样量。流式细胞仪在水生生物的遗传育种、种群分化等方面有很重要的应用价值。     

嗜水气单胞菌UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4-差向异构酶基因的克隆表达及酶的性质

通过水生动物源性嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah）强毒株J-1株与弱毒株MR-1株抑制差减杂交得到gneJ差减片段,该片段与创伤弧菌（Vibrio vulnificus）和人源嗜水气单胞菌的UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4差向异构酶基因有较高的同源性。扩增完整的gneJ基因,进行分布检测并将其克隆至质粒pET32a（＋）,在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21中进行异源表达,SDS-PAGE结果显示,重组表达蛋白的分子量约59．7kD,与理论推测值基本相同。酶活性分析表明,该重组蛋白可将UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺转化为UDP-乙酰半乳糖胺,确证gneJ基因编码蛋白为UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4-差向异构酶。Western Blot分析显示,嗜水气单胞菌J-1株胞外产物的兔抗血清可识别该重组蛋白,表明该蛋白与天然蛋白有相同的抗原性。以重组蛋白为免疫原,对小鼠进行动物保护实验,结果显示,该重组蛋白对小鼠有60％的保护率,证明UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4差向异构酶可作为亚单位疫苗的侯选成分。     

湖南镇水库浮游生物及其影响因子的典范对应分析

2006年至2007年间调查了蓝藻(Cyanophyta)暴发水体——湖南镇水库的浮游生物群落结构及其变化,研究了其与环境参数之间的关系。调查期间,共鉴定出浮游植物96种(属),浮游动物73种(属)。单位水体浮游植物平均细胞数量变化于0.49×106～16.71×106L-1之间,浮游动物则变化于8～3548L-1之间。春、夏季螺旋鱼腥藻(Anabaena sporoides)水华持续数月,水体表层细胞密度高达2.28×108L-1,进入秋季后其优势逐渐被颤藻属(Oscillatoria)蓝藻取代。典范对应分析显示,浮游植物的季节演替规律与螺旋鱼腥藻数量、总溶解固形物(TDS)和透明度(SD)存在较高的相关性,浮游动物演替主要与溶解在水中的微囊藻(Microcystis)毒素(EMC)、营养盐和螺旋鱼腥藻数量相关。由于高水平营养盐的存在,上行效应无法有效限制蓝藻的发生,水华蓝藻以其数量优势改变了水体理化条件,成为影响浮游植物群落的潜在因素,而营养盐可能通过主导可食藻类的生长,间接影响浮游动物的动态。将水华蓝藻数量及藻毒素浓度作为环境因子进行多元分析,分别提高了对浮游植物、动物群落的解释15.6%和25.8%,说明水华蓝藻和藻毒素的存在对浮游生物群落的组成和结构具有较大的影响。     

How much variation can be explained by seasonal,spatial and environmental effects in nekton assemblages of the Terminos Lagoon?

• 1. The coastline is very sensitive to both climatic and human influences but also provides essential goods and services upon which human welfare depends. Species inhabiting these coastal areas provide valuable resources and enhance ecosystem functioning: it is therefore essential to understand the main factors influencing species abundance patterns. The aim of this study is to estimate the amount of variation in nekton coastal assemblages explained by spatial, temporal and environmental variables.
• 2. Nekton sampling was carried out over 17 months in the Terminos Lagoon, a reserve area situated in the Gulf of Mexico, using a shrimp trawl. At each station, 11 environmental variables were recorded. The influence of seasonal, spatial and environmental variables on nekton species abundance was analysed using Partial Canonical Correspondence Analysis (PCCA).
• 3. The explanatory variables explained only 19.7% of the total observed variation in the nekton community for the Terminos Lagoon. The major part of the explained variation was due to the spatial effect (9.2%), while environmental variables and seasonality explained only 3.6% and 0.8%, respectively, suggesting the necessity to consider experimental fishing design in such artisanal fisheries.
• 4. Results also suggest focusing on more integrative indicators of community structure such as measures of taxonomic diversity based on presence/absence or on measures related to functional attributes of communities rather than using species abundance patterns to predict changes in coastal ecosystems.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Blood and haemoglobin meal as protein sources in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): effects on growth, nutritive efficiency and fillet sensory differences

Two parallel experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of fish meal by two different animal protein sources, blood meal (B) and haemoglobin meal (H) at 0, 50 and 100 g kg⁻¹ of level inclusion in diets for gilthead sea bream, considering a long feeding period for juveniles (Trial 1) and a short feeding period (Trial 2) for on-growing fish. In Trial 1, 33 g juveniles were fed for 242 days and the fish fed with 5% and 10% of haemoglobin dietary inclusion obtained less growth, although feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and muscle composition were similar in all diets. In Trial 2, 179 g initial weight fish were fed for 164 days and growth of fish fed H10 showed the lowest growth, although nutrient efficiency and muscle composition were not affected significantly. The results of these experiments demonstrated that blood meal can substitute fish meal (up to 10%) with no effect on performance, but may lead to sensory differences compared with fish fed diet 0, while the inclusion of 5% blood meal had no effect on growth or sensory characteristics. Fish fed 10% haemoglobin inclusion had the poorest growth values.