不同剂型溴虫腈在桑叶中残留对家蚕生长发育及产茧量的影响

为减少使用桑园害虫防治药剂溴虫腈对养蚕生产的风险性,模拟田间施药条件,分别用乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂和悬浮剂4种剂型溴虫腈的100 mg/L药液喷施桑树,7 d后采叶饲喂家蚕普通品种和三眠蚕品种的2龄起蚕,观察不同剂型溴虫腈残留在桑叶中对家蚕生长发育的影响。结果表明,分别用4种剂型溴虫腈100 mg/L药液喷施桑树后,桑叶中残留药剂对家蚕普通品种和三眠蚕品种的发育历期、眠蚕质量、全茧量、茧层量、蛹体质量和化蛹率均无明显不良影响。此结果可作为采用上述剂型溴虫腈防治桑园害虫的安全性评价的部分依据。     

削片揉搓一体式防缠绕桑枝条粉碎机的设计

利用蚕桑生产中废弃桑枝条粉碎的木屑,能解决平原地区食用菌培养基原料匮乏的问题。根据现有木材削片机与其它物料粉碎机的工作原理,充分考虑桑枝条直径小、细小枝桠多、枝皮韧性强的特点,采用削片、粉碎、筛分一体化的设计方案,初步研究设计出了结构紧凑、操作方便、运行平稳的削片揉搓一体式防缠绕桑枝条粉碎机具。样机主要性能指标检测结果:能够粉碎直径40 mm的桑枝,桑皮无缠绕现象,木屑粗细均匀,生产效率达到500 kg/h。样机进一步降低能耗和优化粉碎效率的各项指标后,有望在生产上推广应用。     

桑树不同养成型式对种茧育的影响

本试验就桑树不同养成型式对桑叶质量的影响进行了调查,结果是中干拳式树形能极显著的提高产卵量、良卵率、孵化率,适当提高4龄起蚕结茧率、虫蛹统一生命率及茧质。     

桑树夏秋期不同采收程度对种茧育的影响

试验表明,在其他桑园管理措施一致的前提下,夏秋期留叶5～12片,能显著提高卵质及下代孵化率,适当提高4龄结茧率、虫蛹统一生命率及茧质。综合考虑桑叶的产量和质量,实际生产中,夏秋期留叶5-6片,既能保证桑叶产量,又能提高蚕种质量。     

桑蓟马被害叶对家蚕茧质及卵质的影响

为探索桑蓟马被害叶的使用价值,分别就桑蓟马被害叶对生命率、茧质、卵质及下代孵化率的影响进行了试验。结果表明：桑蓟马被害叶对稚蚕期影响不大,但对壮蚕期影响较大。丝茧育可将桑蓟马被害叶用在5龄第4天后,种茧育尽可能不用桑蓟马被害叶,以确保卵质成绩。     

Collection of equine cord blood and placental tissues in 40 Thoroughbred mares

Reasons for performing study: Stem cells derived from umbilical cord tissue (UCT) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) in human subjects and horses can be obtained in a minimally invasive fashion with successful propagation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Currently there are no detailed protocols documenting a procedure to harvest UCB and UCT safely for equine stem cell propagation. Hypothesis: UCB and UCT could be collected without harm to mare or foal. Objectives: To develop a standard and safe method for UCB and UCT collection, and prospectively to compare foal and mare health between groups of animals where tissue was and was not collected. Methods: This study was conducted at a Thoroughbred breeding facility in central California in 2008. UCB and UCT were collected from 40 mare and foal pairs. Clinical parameters including time for foal to stand and nurse, time for mare to pass the placenta, and foal haematology data at age 24 h were documented and compared to a control group, consisting of the succeeding 40 mare and foal pairs. Results: UCB was obtained successfully from 36 of 40 (90%) mares and UCT from 38 of 40 (95%) mares. Bacterial contamination was documented in 6 out of 36 (16.6%) UCB samples. There were no significant differences in time to stand or nurse for foals or time to pass the placenta for mares, between the experimental and control groups. There were no clinically relevant differences identified in haematological data obtained from foals with and without UCB collection. Conclusions: UCB and UCT can be harvested safely without harm to mares or foals. Potential relevance: UCB and UCT samples collected in an inherently contaminated environment can be successfully disinfected and transported with minimal bacterial overgrowth for use in cell culture to isolate MSCs.     

胰腺干细胞体外诱导分化研究进展

胰腺干细胞是一种多能干细胞,具有无限分裂和永久自我更新的能力,可在特定因素的影响或诱导下,分化成胰腺导管、胰岛、外分泌腺泡等特定胰腺组织类型,甚至肝细胞.由胰腺干细胞诱导分化的胰岛β细胞在治疗Ⅰ型糖尿病和纠正部分Ⅱ型糖尿病中具有重要意义.论文就胰腺干细胞的存在部位、诱导干细胞为胰岛β细胞的生物活性物质、诱导分化为胰腺β细胞的方法及调控胰腺干细胞分化的信号通路等方面做一综述.     

昆明系小鼠饲养层细胞制备条件的优化

通过分离不同胚龄的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF),对MEF进行连续传代培养,并对MEF不同的消化时间进行探讨,研究影响小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞分离与培养的因素.结果表明,分离小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的最适胚龄是12.5 d～14.5 d;37℃条件下,用2.5 g/L胰蛋白酶作用PMEF,作用时间不应超过15min;离散贴壁的成纤维细胞,作用时间以2 min～3 min为宜;MEF在第2代～第5代增殖旺盛,7代以后细胞出现急剧下降.所以选择第3代MEF是制做饲养层的最佳时机.MEF分离方法简单,来源方便,增殖迅速,是用于胚胎干细胞分离培养的有效培养体系.     

Reconstruction of corneal epithelium with cryopreserved corneal limbal stem cells in a rabbit model

The integrity and transparency of the cornea plays a key role in preserving vision. This paper reports a procedure to create an artificial sheet of corneal epithelium from cryopreserved limbal stem cells (LSCs) and to use this for corneal transplantation. Corneal LSCs were isolated from biopsy specimens of rabbit limbal lamellar and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen at 2–4 passages. The cells were grown in culture medium for 12–14 days on top of a cell-free human amniotic membrane framed on a nitrocellulose sheet. The corneal epithelium generated was transplanted into the right eyes of 14 LSC deficient (LSCD) rabbits (seven experimental animals, seven controls) with corneal damage. The seven LSCD rabbits in the experimental group were transplanted with a corneal epithelial sheet generated from the cryopreserved corneal LSCs. Four LSCD rabbits were used as the vehicle control and were transplanted with a cell-free amniotic membrane, and the remaining three LSCD rabbits were negative controls without transplantation. Over a 2-month recovery period, 2/7 animals in the experimental group recovered completely, four recovered partially and one did not respond. In the control groups, three negative controls and three vehicle controls lost their vision completely, and one of the vehicle controls partially recovered transparency of the cornea Following treatment, corneal transparency of the experimental rabbits was significantly improved compared to controls (P < 0.05). The results indicated that cryopreserved corneal LSCs can repair damaged rabbit cornea, suggesting a possible new clinical approach to reconstruction of corneal epithelium.     

骨髓间充质干细胞及其应用

间充质干细胞因具有多向分化潜能及植入体内无排斥反应等特性而被广泛应用于医学领域。作者就骨髓间充质干细胞的生物学特性、分离培养和鉴定及应用作一综述。