白银地区优良林草品种选择与林草复合经营技术试验

对优良林草品种的选择和林草复合经营技术试验结果表明 :引进的速生杨、速生柳各无性系间的扦插繁育和植苗造林成活率均不存在显著性差异 ;速生杨、柳苗期生长量与对照 (新疆杨、旱柳 )相比差异显著 ,90 %以上可当年育成一级壮苗 ,造林后速生杨、柳幼树初期生长量显著快于对照 ;引进的美国紫花苜蓿品种在林草复合经营中的品质和产量与对照相比有明显优势 ;林草间作的经济效益远远高于普通农作物种植 ,林草复合系统中草的收益完全可以保证林木成材前幼林的抚育费用 ,并可实现盈利 90 0～ 15 0 0元 /hm2 。     

闽南地区草本花卉的配置应用——以厦门植物园花卉园为例

草本花卉种类丰富、适应性强、栽培容易、便于管理,是园林绿化中的重要材料。针对其园林特色,结合厦门地区的资源情况,探讨草本花卉在不同的园林环境中的植物配置与应用,并以厦门植物园草本花卉园的建设为例,阐述其植物配置,营造色彩绚丽、种类丰富、风格各异的园林植物景观。     

益母草抗菌蛋白LJAMP2的表达及抗菌活性分析

LJAMP2是一种分离自益母草(Leonurus japonicus Houtt.)种子的非专一性脂转移蛋白类抗菌蛋白.将编码成熟的LJAMP2蛋白的基冈(GenBank Accession No.AY971513)插入到巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pas-toris)表达载体pPIC9K中;重组质粒pPIC9K-LJAMP2经线性化后,用电转化法导入毕赤酵母菌株GS115(his-/mut+)中.转化子用含1.75 mg/mL G418的YPD平板筛选获得多拷贝Mut+转化子.将1%甲醇诱导LJAMP2表达后的发酵液,经进一步浓缩、凝胶过滤脱盐、CM FF阳离子交换色谱和反相HPLC进行纯化,获得纯度90%以上的LJAMP2菌株诱导24 h即有LJAMP2的表达,诱导168 h表达量达到最高;表达的LJAMP2蛋白对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、玉米小斑病菌(Bipolaris maydis)、镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)真菌表现出抑制活性.     

草本植物中总黄酮提取工艺研究

[目的]探讨常压下水煎煮法提取草本植物中总黄酮的工艺。[方法]采用料液比、煎煮温度和煎煮时间为主要因素进行正交试验,以确定总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。[结果]草本植物中总黄酮的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶5 g/L,煮沸,煎煮时间75 min,在此条件下总黄酮得率约为0.734%。[结论]为后续草本植物饮料产品的研发提供了相关资料。     

中草药添加剂对生长猪抗热应激机理研究

本文旨在观察抗热应激中草药对生长猪生产性能、免疫力和内分泌激素的影响,进而探讨高温下生长猪的生理机能变化以及抗热应激中草药的部分作用机理。选取体重约10 kg的杜×(长×大)三元杂交猪36头,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每重复6头猪,公母各1/2。采用单因子完全随机试验设计。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1.00%的抗热应激中草药添加剂,试验分10~20 kg和20~50 kg两个阶段。整个试验期,猪舍平均温度(31.37±1.93)℃,平均相对湿度(65.44±2.74)%。结果表明:①抗热应激中草药添加剂有提高生长猪的增重和采食量,降低料肉比的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,试验组猪血清中血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、补体C3,C4水平和淋巴细胞百分比(LYM%)在10~20 kg阶段显著提高(P<0.05),但在20~50 kg阶段差异不显著(P>0.05);白介素2(IL-2)和红细胞数(RBC)在整个试验期间均显著提高(P<0.05)。③试验组猪血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(Cor)水平在整个试验期间均保持稳定,且均比对照组显著下降(P<0.05),醛固酮(ALD)在整个试验期间也保持稳定,在10~20 kg阶段比对照组显著下降(P<0.05);游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)和游离四碘甲腺原氨酸(FT4)在10~20 kg阶段与对照组差异不明显(P>0.05),20~50 kg阶段比对照组显著提高(P<0.05)。可见,高温环境下,抗热应激中草药添加剂可以通过提高生长猪的免疫力和促进猪的血液循环,维持内分泌系统的稳定,使机体的新陈代谢正常进行,为机体抵抗高温提供物质基础,从而缓解高温对生长猪的不良影响,改善高温环境下生长猪的生产性能。     

马尾松林木生长、草本植物多样性及地形因子之间的关系

通过对湖南省祁阳县大江林场马尾松的生长、林下草本植物多样性以及地形因子的关系进行调查与分析。结果表明：(1)马尾松生长因子树高、胸径、枝下高、冠幅与坡度呈显著或极显著相关关系(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);(2)从相关系分析可得,马尾松生长因子对林下草本植物多样性影响程度的大小顺序为郁闭度(-0.911**)＞枝下高(-0.645**)＞胸径(-0.608*)＞树高(-0.555*)＞冠幅(-0.200) (*P＜0.05;**P＜0.01);(3)生态因子坡位与Margalef丰富度指数(R)与Simpson指数(D)呈极显著或显著负相关(P＜0.01或P＜0.01),说明在湖南省祁阳县大江林场坡位是影响马尾松林下草本植物多样性的主要生态因子。     

金属冶炼厂对周边植物物种多样性的影响

[目的]揭示距离厂区不同距离植物物种多样性的变化规律和原因。[方法1利用物种丰富度指数（S）、Simpson多样性指数（D）、Shannon—wiener多样性指数（H）和Pielou均匀度指数（J）研究了距离厂区不同距离样地的植物和草本植物物种多样性。[结果]厂区周边植物中综合优势比较大的植物为大籽蒿、芨芨草、画眉草、狗尾草、小草、四方蒿、臭蒿、清明草、野菊、齿冠草、川西小黄菊、滇川唐松草、黄花莱等。种数较少的科（18科）总种数（25种）占所有总种数的17．48％。S和H随距离的增加而显著增加,100m区域内S和H显著较小,100～300m区域内S和D略高一些。D只在100m区域内显著较小．其他距离该参数无显著差异;J在所有距离问无显著差异。[结论]该研究为金属冶炼厂污染情况的监测及周边地区的植物多样性保护提供了参考。     

高山草甸植被光谱反射特征的研究

本文对甘肃省天祝藏族自治县乌鞘岭南侧金强河谷地高山草甸植被中4个草本植物群落和1个灌丛群落的光谱反射特征及其影响因素进行了测试研究,结果表明,不同植物群落在可见光波段和近红外波段的反射比存在显著或极显著的差异,因此,利用光谱反射特征区分草地植物群落是可行的。     

Effect of three contrasting onion (Allium cepa L.) production systems on nitrous oxide emissions from soil

 N₂O emissions were measured from three contrasting onion (Allium cepa L.) production systems over an 8.5-month period. One system was established on soil where a clover sward had 3 months earlier been ploughed in (ploughed clover site). This production system followed conventional production management practices. The other two systems were established on soil where a mixed herb ley had 3 months earlier been either ploughed or rotovated. These last two production systems followed the guidelines of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). Cumulative N₂O emissions were significantly greater from the ploughed clover site compared to the ploughed ley site (3.8 and 1.6 kg N₂O-N ha^–1, respectively), while cumulative N₂O emissions from the ploughed ley and rotovated ley sites were not significantly different from each other. Emissions from all sites were dominated by episodes of high N₂O flux activity following seedbed preparation and drilling, when soil water suction (SWS) was shown to be the rate-controlling variable. The decline in the N₂O fluxes after these peak emissions followed clear exponential relationships of the form F=Ae^{– kt} (r≥0.91), where F is the daily flux and A is the y-intercept. First-order decay constants (k) during these periods of declining N₂O fluxes (corresponding to half-lives of 2.6–3.0 days) were not significantly different in magnitude from the first-order rate constants that characterised the increasing SWS. Gross differences in cumulative emissions between the clover and ley sites were attributed to the influence of differing soil pHs at the two sites on the N₂O:(N₂O+N₂) ratio in the denitrification products. It also appeared that fertiliser applications to the clover site had both direct and indirect effects on N₂O emissions by: (1) enhancing N₂O emissions via potential nitrification, (2) increasing the NO₃ ^– supply for enhanced N₂O emissions via denitrification, and (3) influencing the N₂O:(N₂O+N₂) ratio by lowering soil pH and increasing NO₃ ^– concentrations. Onion crop yields were greater at the clover site, mainly due to the higher density of planting made possible under a conventional production philosophy. Expressing the yield on the basis of net N₂O emissions, 23 t onions kg^–1 N₂O-N was obtained from the ploughed clover, which was double that obtained for the two systems based on the ley site. However, when the N₂O emissions from the cultivation of the soils prior to the sowing of the onions was included, all three systems produced a similar yield per kilogram of N₂O-N emitted, averaging 10 t kg^–1. Received: 6 January 1999     

屋顶花园栽培基质中添加海泡石的效果研究初报

在屋顶花园条件下,以葱兰和佛甲草为实验材料,对它们的栽培基质中添加海泡石,通过与未加海泡石的实验作对照,发现,将适量海泡石加入屋顶花园的栽培基中,可明显改良植物的根际环境,提高土壤肥力,提高基质保水供水的能力,使植物生长旺盛,提高抗病能力。但大雨时,加入海泡石的基质,水分下渗慢,基质表层留水量及流水量增大,易冲走混合基质中的轻型材料部分,在坡面屋顶使用时,不宜加入过多。