石蒜有性生殖败育的原因探讨

采用石蜡切片法对石蒜（Lycoris radiata（L’Her．）Herb）小孢子、雄配子体和胚囊的发生发育过程进行了观察．结果表明,小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程存在滞后染色体、染色体桥、染色体片段和微核等现象;成熟花粉粒具有2核、3核和营养细胞中存在2核等异常现象;在胚囊的形成发育过程中,未见胚囊母细胞经减数分裂产生四分体的现象和7细胞8核结构的雌配子体产生,造孢细胞分裂产生2核后,细胞迅速变大并高度液泡化,其中的细胞质和细胞迅速解体消失．因此,石蒜有性生殖的败育原因,主要是由于其胚囊形成中的发育不良所致．     

换锦花种胚和叶片的组织培养研究

换锦花是我国南方的优良球根花卉和重要的药用植物。采用组织培养技术以换锦花种胚和叶片为外植体,对其进行研究,结果显示:换锦花种胚的诱导率在各培养基上均较高,平均为75.8%,适宜的愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+6-BA2 mg/L+2,4-D 2 mg/L+蔗糖60 g/L,适宜的丛芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+2,4-D 1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L;换锦花成熟叶段愈伤组织的平均诱导率为13.5%,而幼嫩叶段的平均诱导率为65.8%,两者差异极显著,适宜于幼嫩叶段诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA20 mg/L+NAA1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L,各生长调节剂配比的试验结果显示,NAA较高时利于根的诱导,而6-BA较高时利于芽的诱导。     

The Collembola community of pure and mixed stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) of different age

The idea of establishing mixed forests that are better adapted to site conditions than spruce monocultures has attracted increasing attention of forest owners and governmental institutions over the last decades. Currently, beech is being replanted and an increasing proportion of German forests are mixed stands. Focusing on the reaction of the soil fauna to forest conversion, this study investigates the response of the Collembola community to replacement of beech by spruce or by mixed stands of beech and spruce. Stands of different age were investigated in a factorial design with the factors stand type (beech, spruce and mixed stands) and stand age (30 and 120 years). Collembola communities did not differ strongly between stand types and stand age and were dominated by Folsomia quadrioculata and Mesaphorura species (e.g. Mesaphorura macrochaeta). Moreover, neither total abundance of Collembola nor densities of the fungal feeding euedaphic Onychiurinae and Tullbergiinae significantly responded to stand type and stand age. The density of the epedaphic and partly herbivorous groups Symphypleona/Neelipleona and Entomobryidae in the 120-year-old stands significantly exceeded that in the 30-year-old stands; presumably, this was due to the well developed herb layer in the 120-year-old stands with more open canopies. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of the Collembola community of the L/F horizon also indicated that most of the epigeic species were associated with the 120-year-old stands. Moreover, the diversity of Collembola significantly increased with forest age which likely reflects increased amount and diversity of food resources in the 120-year-old stands. The density of the hygrophilous species Fo. quadrioculata was significantly higher in the spruce than in the beech stands; probably this was due to the higher water content in litter of the spruce stands. Moreover, the results of the CCAs indicated that soil pH is an important structuring force for the Collembola communities. Overall, the results suggest that stand type and forest age impact Collembola communities, presumably via changes in the amount and quality of food resources, such as living plant and herb litter materials. The pronounced changes which occurred with forest age likely were related to the development of more dense and diverse herb layer in mature forests which provides additional food resources in particular for epedaphic species. On the other hand, dominant species/functional groups of Collembola, such as hemiedaphic species, appear to depend predominantly on abiotic factors, most importantly soil pH and soil water content.     

几种公路绿化草本植物对铅的生物积累模拟研究

根据高速公路旁土壤铅污染浓度范围确定的铅试验浓度为100mg/kg、200mg/kg和500mg/kg,在模拟温室条件下,研究了公路绿化常用的3种地被植物麦冬（Ophiopogon japonicus）、葱兰（Eephyranthes candida）、红花酢浆草（Ox-alis rubra）和4种草坪草苇状羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）、草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）、黑麦草（Lolium perenne）、白三叶（Trifolium repens）对土壤不同铅浓度的耐受性和生物积累,每一试验组包括未加铅的土壤对照试验。结果表明,所有供试植物都能耐受铅污染的土壤环境而正常生长,其中以黑麦草的生物量为最大。草坪草的铅生物积累系数（BAF）高于地被植物的BAF,白三叶的BAF最高,土壤铅浓度为100mg/kg和500mg/kg时的BAF分别为0.20和0.40。草地早熟禾和黑麦草在土壤铅浓度500mg/kg时的BAF分别为0.12和0.08。随着土壤铅浓度的增加,苇状羊茅和所有地被植物的BAF下降。麦冬、葱兰和红花酢浆草的地下部分对铅的积累能力强于地上部分。     

不同处理方法对鸡骨草种子发芽的影响

鸡骨草种子由于表面有蜡质层,直播发芽率低,为使鸡骨草种子发芽得到保证,采用五种方法对鸡骨草种子进行处理,寻求有效的发芽方法来指导鸡骨草生产、提高种植效率和减少经济损失。     

养心菜的耐盐性及其对滨海盐碱土的改良效果研究

[目的]对养心菜的耐盐性及其对滨海盐碱土的改良效果进行研究,为滨海区合理开发利用养心菜提供理论依据。[方法]采用NaCl溶液和滨海咸水胁迫的方法,研究养心菜的耐盐性;通过种植养心菜后土壤全盐含量及土壤肥力状况的变化,确定养心菜对盐碱土的改良效果。[结果]养心菜断枝插穗的耐盐能力为0.3%,养心菜扦插苗和分株苗的耐盐力为1.2%,养心菜成苗适宜咸水浇灌的浓度为12g/L;滨海盐碱土种植3年养心菜后,土壤耕层的含盐量明显降低,土壤有机质含量增加,土壤中的有效磷提高。[结论]养心菜是一种耐盐能力很强的盐生植物,对滨海盐碱土具有显著的改良作用,在滨海盐碱地区绿色无公害蔬菜生产、园林绿化等方面应用前景广阔。     

荆芥与防风的药理作用试验研究

用荆芥水煎剂、防风水煎剂、荆芥配伍防风（1：1）水煎剂进行巴豆油合剂致鼠耳廓炎症的影响试验、对小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的影响试验、热板法镇痛试验、解热试验、对离体家兔肠肌的作用试验及毒性试验。结果表明,荆芥、防风两味药物单独应用具有一定的抗炎、解热镇痛和抑制家兔离体肠管蠕动作用;两药配合应用,显示出明显的协同作用,使抗炎、解热镇痛作用更为明显。另外毒性试验表明此两味药物临床使用安全。试验结果较好的解释当前兽医临床使用荆防败毒散治疗各类外感风寒挟湿性感冒取得的良好效果。     

平菇发酵中药渣产生物有机肥的研究

[目的]针对生活中的中药渣乱倒、不合理利用造成的一系列污染环境的问题,采用微生物发酵产有机肥的方法进行中药渣的资源化回收利用。[方法]以中药渣、玉米秸秆、麸皮和水按不同比例,用平菇来发酵生产有机肥。[结果]发酵过程中水分在第30天时基本处于65%左右,pH大多在5.50~8.50,中药渣为0、5.0 g时,氮、磷、钾总含量超过5.00%,有机质含量能超过40.00%。因此中药渣为5.0 g时,发酵的肥料符合国家有机肥标准,其各项指标为pH 5.72,(N+P+K)=5.51%,有机质含量是49.66%。[结论]用平菇对中药渣进行发酵,可以生产有机肥,实现中药渣的无害化处理。     

3种中药废弃物栽培经济真菌可行性研究初报

为了探索利用3种中药废弃物栽培经济真菌的可行性,对葛根渣、桑枝、杜仲叶进行了理化性质研究和相关栽培试验。结果表明葛根渣、桑枝、杜仲叶的理化性质可以满足经济真菌生长需要,3种中药渣栽培的平菇、香菇在菌丝生长速度、菌丝状况和生物学效率方面与杂木屑差别较小。说明利用3种中药废弃物栽培经济真菌可行,具有很大的利用价值。     

发酵中草药对仔猪生产性能和部分血液指标的影响

[目的]为进一步开发中草药发酵制剂及其推广应用提供理论依据。[方法]选择日龄及体重相近的25日龄健康仔猪300头,随机分为5组,研究添加发酵中草药对仔猪生产性能和健康状况的影响。[结果]日粮中添加400、600、800 g/t中草药发酵制剂后,与对照组相比仔猪的采食量分别提高了13.24%、19.14%和21.35%(P0.05),日增重分别提高了25.64%、61.90%和67.50%(P0.05或P0.01),料肉比分别降低了9.71%、26.29%和27.43%(P0.05)。血液总蛋白含量分别比对照组提高了8.87%、20.04%和20.12%(P0.05);血液尿素氮含量分别比对照组降低了55.98%、67.75%和68.36%(P0.01)。碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性分别比对照组提高了29.96%、59.00%和63.14%(P0.05或P0.01);热应激蛋白70(HSP70)分别比对照组降低了28.45%、47.64%和48.48%(P0.05或P0.01);免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)分别比对照组升高了47.10%、89.17%和90.97%(P0.01)。[结论]中草药发酵制剂可以显著促进仔猪生长发育,改善饲料转化率,明显降低应激反应和发病率。