Mechanism of molybdenum sorption to iron oxides using pressure‐jump relaxation

It is widely accepted that the fixation of oxyanions is due to diffusion of the ions into the pores and interdomains of iron oxides. Most studies have used batch techniques, which do not allow to clearly differentiate chemisorption from mass transport phenomena. Thus, it is not yet clear, whether strengthening of chemical Mo bonding occurs along with residence time, in addition to diffusion processes. In this study we used pressure jump relaxation (p‐jump), a very fast kinetic technique, to (1) elucidate the Mo/goethite interaction and to (2) analyze the effects of aging the Mo/goethite complex on Mo chemisorption. A synthetic goethite was incubated with Mo solution (1 mM Mo) for 12, 24, and 72 hours at pH 4. At the end of the incubations p‐jump experiments were performed on the suspensions at temperatures ranging from 283 to 303 K. Relaxation kinetics were modelled using a combination of two first order terms. In addition, the amount of Mo sorbed to the goethite after different incubation times was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The MoO₄/goethite systems revealed a fast relaxation time (= reciprocal of rate constant, about 4 ms), that decreased with increasing temperature and a slow one (about 60 ms) that did not depend on temperature. Activation energy of the fast process was 76 kJ mol^—1. We did not observe any effects of incubation time on the fast process. However, the amount of Mo sorbed to the iron oxide increased with increasing incubation time. We conclude that the fast relaxation represents Mo chemisorption to the goethite. Slow relaxation seems to be due to Mo transport within the suspension. The pressure jump results indicate, that the dominant surface species of Mo sorbed to goethite do not change along with residence time.     

大豆连作微量元素营养研究Ⅱ.连作对钼营养的影响

本文通过田间与盆栽对比试验及室内分析相结合的方法,研究了大豆连作胁迫下钼营养的变化特征。结果表明：不同连作年限播前土壤有效钼的含量低于正茬。不同生育期各连作年限土壤有效钼的变化趋势和植株钼的积累特征与正茬相似,但含量低于正茬,且在盛花期土壤有效钼降到钼营养临界值（０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）附近,结荚期低于临界值。结荚期连作大豆土壤和植株钼营养与根瘤固氮、植株氮营养及产量间相关显著或极显著。上述结果说明,连作胁迫导致的钼营养亏缺可能是连作大豆产量降低的一个重要原因。此外,本文还探讨了连作大豆土壤有效钼降低的原因。     

The suppressive effects of composts used as growth media against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis> in cucumber plants

The incidence/severity of soil-borne plant diseases is often reduced when composts are used as growth media. However, much less information is available about the effects of composts on the development of foliar diseases. Here we studied the suppressive capacity of five composts (from olive marc-cotton gin trash, grape marc, cork, spent mushroom and municipal organic and yard wastes) as growth media against Botrytis cinerea disease in cucumber plants. We also examined the putative correlations of several biotic and abiotic factors involved in disease suppression. The suppressive capacity of the growth media was studied by comparing disease incidence/severity in plants grown in composts with that occurring in plants grown in commercial peats, which are conducive to most soilborne diseases. Correlations were made between the occurrence of disease and leaf nutrient status, as well as electrical conductivity (EC) and microbial activity (measured as β-glucosidase activity) in the growth media. Cucumber plants grown in the peats showed greater severity of B. cinerea during the bioassay than those grown in composts. Mo, Ca and Si content in leaves showed negative correlations with this disease. A negative correlation with disease severity was observed for EC and microbial activity in the growth media. The noticeable reduction in B. cinerea in plants grown in composts was related to the supply of specific chemical elements, a certain degree of salt stress, and the high microbial activity of composts.     

硼钼对低温下草坪草海滨雀稗活性氧代谢的影响

营养液培养试验,设缺硼、钼和加硼、钼处理,培养后的草坪草海滨雀稗进行2周适温和零上低温处理,研究低温下其活性氧代谢及硼、钼对活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,与缺硼、钼相比,加硼、钼处理极显著提高低温下草坪草超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,极显著降低过氧化物酶（POD）活性,极显著降低超氧阴离子     

锌钼与腐殖酸配施对大蒜生理特性及土壤性质的影响

针对影响大蒜生长的土壤障碍因子,研究锌钼与腐殖酸配施对大蒜叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化能力、大蒜产量及土壤物理、化学、生物学指标的影响。设常规施肥(CK)、常规施肥+锌肥+钼肥(T1)、常规施肥+腐殖酸(T2)、常规施肥+锌肥+钼肥+腐殖酸(T3)4个处理。结果表明,锌钼与腐殖酸配施能够显著提高大蒜叶片叶绿素含量,提高过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,有利于增强土壤酶(脲酶和磷酸酶)活性,改善土壤理化性质,并能显著增加大蒜株高、茎粗、蒜头直径及产量。T3处理的大蒜产量可达20.13 t·hm~(-2),比当地传统施肥增产14.83%。综上所述,锌钼与腐殖酸配施对于河南蒜区的大蒜产量和土壤质量的改善具有很好的效果。     

Effect of earthworms on molybdenum-depending activities

Pot experiments performed in an alkaline, silty clay soil showed that the presence of Allolobophora caliginosa increased nitrate reductase activity in maize seedlings and nitrogen fixation in the soil, but did not affect photosynthesis and biomass of maize seedlings and oxygen consumption in the soil. The increase in molybdenum-depending activities is ascribed to the greater availability of molybdenum recorded in the presence of earthworms.     

钼的测定方法研究进展

根据多年来国内外对钼的测定方法的研究报道,对钼的主要测定方法进行总结,常用方法有光度法(比色法)、催化极谱法、ICP-AES法、原子吸收分光光度法等。     

珠江三角洲几种主要蔬菜的镁硼钼适用量研究

为获得珠江三角洲地区蔬菜中微量元素的合理用量,通过在2地进行3种蔬菜施镁、硼、钼的田间试验,研究三种元素不同配比对三种蔬菜的影响。结果显示:(1)不同品种的蔬菜对中微量元素的需求量不同;相同品种蔬菜在不同地点土壤上的施镁、硼、钼肥效应不同;相同蔬菜镁、硼、钼配施比单独使用的施用量可大幅度减少,尤其是硼和钼可减少50%。(2)在施氮磷钾基础上单独施用镁、硼、钼,菜心的Mg适施量约为13.350～15.750 kghm-2;B的适施量约为0.990～1.065 kghm-2;Mo的适施量为0.375～0.420 kg hm-2。蒜青的Mg适施量约为1.500 kg hm-2;B的适施量约为0.450 kg hm-2;Mo的适施量为0.240 kg hm-2。苦瓜的施硼适用量范围在1.050 kg hm-2左右。(3)在施氮磷钾基础上镁、硼、钼配合施用,菜心的Mg适施量约为12.000 kghm-2、B适施量约为0.450 kghm-2、Mo适施量约为0.240 kghm-2;苦瓜的Mg适施量约为12.000～18.000 kghm-2、B适施量约为0.450～1.800 kg hm-2、Mo适施量为0.120～0.240 kg hm-2;蒜青的B和Mo适用量分别为0.900 kg hm-2和0.210 kg hm-2、镁的施用量则应<1.350 kg hm-2。(4)镁和硼的施用量不仅受试验地土壤交换性镁和有效硼含量水平的影响,还与土壤pH值和蔬菜目标产量有关。     

大豆钼营养研究进展

根据国内外钼营养研究的现状,从钼对大豆农艺学性状、营养器官和生殖器官的影响,大豆对钼的吸收及钼在大豆植物体内的的分布,大豆植物体内钼与其它元素的作用,钼对大豆生理特性的影响和钼对大豆品质的影响等方面论述了大豆钼营养研究进展。     

缺钼对黄瓜幼苗耐冷性的影响及其与抗氧化系统的关系

为了探讨缺钼对黄瓜幼苗耐冷性的影响机理,以津优3号黄瓜幼苗为试材,设置缺钼(-Mo)和施钼(CK)2个处理,在光照培养箱内进行低温(昼/夜温度为8℃/5℃)处理,研究缺钼(-Mo)对黄瓜幼苗冷害指数、MDA含量、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明,低温下-Mo处理黄瓜幼苗叶片的电解质渗漏率(EL)、冷害指数和丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著高于CK,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性及谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量显著低于CK,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量也低于CK。可见,缺钼加重了低温对细胞膜的伤害,降低了黄瓜幼苗的耐冷性;抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力下降是缺钼引起黄瓜幼苗耐冷性减弱的重要原因。