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71.
72.
农村人居环境是乡村地区的短板之一,也是乡村振兴的重要建设内容,探究农村人居环境质量的时空演化特征与驱动因素,可为科学有序推进农村人居环境整治提供理论支撑。本研究以四川省为例,系统梳理了四川省农村人居环境政策,并基于统计年鉴和政府公报数据,运用ArcGIS及地理探测器等工具,探究农村人居环境质量时空演化特征以及驱动因素。结果表明:2005—2019年四川省农村人居环境质量逐渐向好,评价分数由0.260上升到0.917,各市(州)间存在显著的地域差异,呈现东高西低的空间格局;农村人居环境质量变化由社会经济子环境单一驱动转变为社会经济与居住支持环境协同驱动;人均生活消费支出、人均可支配收入、生活污水处理率、乡(镇)拥有卫生院数量、乡(镇)拥有文化站数量是影响农村人居环境质量的主导因素。未来,四川省农村人居环境整治应加强公共资源投入及公共服务建设,尤其应注重偏远地区的农村人居环境提升。 相似文献
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74.
C. Desbiez P. Caciagli C. Wipf-Scheibel P. Millot L. Ruiz D. Marian G. Dafalla H. Lecoq 《Plant pathology》2019,68(7):1268-1275
Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) is emerging throughout the Mediterranean Basin, where it causes significant damage to cucumber and melon crops. It has been suggested that CVYV originated from the Middle East and has spread only recently to other areas. In this work, an isolate from Sudan was characterized, and surveys performed in that country between 1992 and 2012 revealed a long-term presence of CVYV with a high molecular variability, showing that the virus has long been endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Comparison of the full-length sequences of 11 CVYV isolates from different geographic origins revealed recombination events in CVYV populations from the Mediterranean Basin and the Middle East, and evidence for different selection pressures along the genome. These results shed a new light on the evolution of CVYV. 相似文献
75.
混流式水轮机部分负荷叶道空化涡不稳定特性已成为制约水电与其他可再生能源多能互补发展、扩大水轮机稳定运行范围急需研究的技术难题。该研究以HL702低水头混流式模型水轮机为研究对象,通过非稳态数值模拟技术及涡流可视化试验,对部分负荷工况下的叶道空化涡不稳定涡流演化及压力脉动特性展开研究。结果表明,叶道空化涡在水轮机转轮内为一个体积周期性变化的动态过程,其涡结构脉动主频为转轮转频的1.1倍。叶道空化涡诱发时,水轮机转轮叶片压力面和吸力面均捕捉到与涡结构频率相同的压力脉动信号。叶道空化涡体积的变化主要发生在转轮叶片背面出水边与下环交界附近,引起压力脉动幅值的局部放大。进一步分析发现,叶道空化涡发生工况下水轮机内部的瞬时压力脉动信号与空泡体积加速度成正比,表明涡流演化是引起压力脉动幅值上升的重要原因。研究进一步阐明了部分负荷工况叶道空化涡的演化特征,揭示了涡流诱发不稳定高振幅压力脉动的内在机制。 相似文献
76.
Adolfo Isla Mnica Saldarriaga‐Crdoba Derie E. Fuentes Romina Albornoz Denise Haussmann Jorge Mancilla‐Schulz Alexis Martínez Jaime Figueroa Ruben Avendao‐Herrera Alejandro Yez 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(5):721-737
Piscirickettsia salmonisis the causative bacterial pathogen of piscirickettsiosis, a salmonid disease that causes notable mortalities in the worldwide aquaculture industry. Published research describes the phenotypic traits, virulence factors, pathogenicity and antibiotic‐resistance potential for various P. salmonisstrains. However, evolutionary and genetic information is scarce for P. salmonis. The present study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to gain insight into the population structure and evolution of P. salmonis. Forty‐two Chilean P. salmonisisolates, as well as the type strain LF‐89T, were recovered from diseased Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus kisutchand Oncorhynchus mykissfrom two Chilean Regions. MLST assessed the loci sequences of dnaK, efp, fumC, glyA, murG, rpoD and trpB. Bioinformatics analyses established the genetic diversity among P. salmonis isolates (H = 0.5810). A total of 23 sequence types (ST) were identified, 53.48% of which were represented by ST1, ST5 and ST2. Population structure analysis through polymorphism patterns showed few polymorphic sites (218 nucleotides from 4,010 bp), while dN/dS ratio analysis indicated purifying selection for dnaK, epf, fumC, murG, and rpoD but neutral selection for the trpB loci. The standardized index of association indicated strong linkage disequilibrium, suggesting clonal population structure. However, recombination events were detected in a group of seven isolates. Findings included genogroups homologous to the LF‐89T and EM‐90 strains, as well as a seven‐isolate hybrid genogroup recovered from both assessed regions (three O. mykiss and four S. salar isolates). The presented MLST scheme has comparative potential, with promising applications in studying distinct P. salmonis isolates (e.g., from different hosts, farms, geographical areas) and in understanding the epidemiology of this pathogen. 相似文献
77.
Silvia Teresa Rodríguez-Ramilo Miguel Ángel Toro Jaime Castro Jesús Fernández 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(4):434-442
Many estimators and algorithms have been developed to infer the genealogical relationships from molecular marker data when there is no pedigree information. Most pairwise methods provide estimates in a continuous range that needs to be converted into genealogical relationships (namely full-sibs, half-sibs and unrelated) if there is a previous knowledge of the population structure. Transformations are usually based on arbitrary thresholds, but the possibility of correcting the coancestry estimates via explicit pedigree reconstruction methods has been suggested. Using molecular data for ten highly polymorphic microsatellite loci on a population of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with a known genealogy, the behaviour of four pairwise marker-based coancestry estimators and the molecular coancestry has been evaluated. The population consisted on 138 families with 4 full-sib individuals each and one family with 8 full-sib individuals (up to 15 half-sib families were also present due to the sharing of parents between some of the full-sibs families). Our results suggested that transforming the pairwise estimators and the molecular coancestry to family relationships through the establishment of thresholds performs slightly better than the explicit pedigree reconstruction method, when accuracy is measured in a pairwise basis. However, if joint relationships between more than two individuals were tested at a time, the threshold methods led to a high percentage of incongruous triads of full-sib individuals, with Mendelian incompatibilities appearing in congruous full-sib families (more than 70% and 60% in our study, respectively). The explicit pedigree reconstruction approach, due to its nature, is free from such problems. Therefore, the pedigree reconstruction approach seems to be a valuable tool to provide a congruent and compatible pedigree when the pairwise marker-based coancestry matrices or the molecular coancestry need to be transformed. 相似文献
78.
79.
T. T. Chen L. B. Agellon C. M. Lin H. J. Tsai Peijun Zhang L. I. González-Villasénor D. A. Powers 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):381-385
The primary structures of two rainbow trout growth hormone mRNAs (GH1 and GH2) have been deduced by direct sequencing of their
respective cDNA clones and portions of the mRNA. Both GH1 and GH2 mRNA contain open reading frames comprised of 630 nucleotides
and encode 210 amino acid residues of which 11 are variant. The translated regions of both mRNA are flanked by a short but
rather conserved 5′-end, and a relatively long but highly diverged 3′-end. The differences at translated and 3′-untranslated
regions suggest that the GH1 and GH2 mRNA originate from different loci. The GH1 and GH2 mRNA are likely transcribed from
two distinct loci which were duplicated during tetraploidization of salmonid genome between 50 to 100 million years ago.
The GH2 gene has been isolated and sequenced from a rainbow trout genomic library. This gene spans a region of approximately
4 kilobases. The trout GH gene is comprised of 6 exons and 5 introns, in contrast to 5 exons and 4 introns in mammals. The
additional intron in the trout gene interrupts the translated regions that are analogous to the last exon of the mammalian
counterpart. The alleged internally repeating sequences in mammalian GH, prolactin (Pr1) and placental lactogen (PL) are not
observed in the predicted polypeptide sequence of trout GH. In addition, direct repeats that flank exons I, III and V of mammalian
GH, Pr1 and PL genes are absent in trout gene. These findings indicate that the rainbow trout GH gene structure does not support
the current hypothesis that internally repeated regions in GH, Pr1 and PL arose from a small primordial gene. 相似文献
80.
Microsatellites have become the preferred molecular markers for strain selection and genetic breeding in fish. In this study
a total of 105 microsatellites were isolated and identified in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) by microsatellite sequence searches in GenBank and other databases and by screening and sequencing of positive clones from
the genomic library enriched for AG and GATA repeats. Moreover, nineteen microsatellites were randomly selected to design
locus-specific primer pairs, and these were successfully used to identify and discriminate different cultured strains of gibel
carp including strains A, D, L, and F. Three different types of microsatellite pattern were distinguished by the number and
length of fragments amplified from the 19 primer pairs, and some microsatellite primer pairs were found to produce different
microsatellite patterns among strains and strain-specific fragments. In addition, some duplicated alleles were also detected
in two microsatellite patterns. Therefore, the current study provides direct molecular markers to discriminate among different
cultured strains for selective breeding and aquaculture practice of gibel carp. 相似文献